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{{Short description|Music genre}}
{{Hatnote|"Black rock" redirects here. For the fusion of black metal and hard rock, see [[black 'n' roll]].}}
{{Infobox music genre
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Psychedelic soul
| name = Psychedelic soul
| other_names = {{Hlist|Black rock|[[psychedelic funk]]}}
| bgcolor = orange
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[soul music|Soul]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[rhythm and blues]]}}
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[soul music|Soul]]|[[psychedelic rock]]|[[rhythm and blues]]}}
| image = Jimi Hendrix 1967 uncropped.jpg
| caption = [[Jimi Hendrix]] on stage at [[Gröna Lund]] in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1967
| cultural_origins = Mid to late 1960s, United States
| cultural_origins = Mid to late 1960s, United States
| derivatives = {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[funk rock]]|[[cinematic soul]]|[[neo-psychedelia]]|[[disco]]}}
| derivatives = {{hlist|[[Funk rock]]|[[cinematic soul]]|[[neo-psychedelia]]|[[disco]]}}
| subgenres =
| subgenres =
| fusiongenres =
| fusiongenres =
Line 11: Line 15:
}}
}}


'''Psychedelic soul''' (sometimes called '''black rock'''<ref name=Harrington2002/> or conflated with [[psychedelic funk]]<ref name=echard>{{cite book|last1=Echard|first1=William|title=Psychedelic Popular Music: A History through Musical Topic Theory|date=2017|publisher=Indiana University Press|pages=123–125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJoqDwAAQBAJ&q=psychedelic+funk+funkadelia|access-date=26 January 2018|isbn=9780253026590}}</ref>) is a music genre that emerged in the late 1960s and saw black [[soul music|soul]] musicians embrace elements of [[psychedelic rock]], including its production techniques, instrumentation, [[effects unit]]s ([[wah-wah pedal]], [[phaser (effect)|phaser]], etc.) and drug influences.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> It came to prominence in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s, playing a major role in the development of [[funk]] and [[disco]].
'''Psychedelic soul''' (originally called '''black rock'''<ref name=Harrington2002/> or conflated with [[psychedelic funk]]<ref name=echard>{{cite book|last1=Echard|first1=William|title=Psychedelic Popular Music: A History through Musical Topic Theory|date=2017|publisher=Indiana University Press|pages=123–125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XJoqDwAAQBAJ&q=psychedelic+funk+funkadelia|access-date=26 January 2018|isbn=9780253026590}}</ref>) is a form of [[soul music]] which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s. The style saw [[African Americans|African-American]] soul musicians embrace elements of [[psychedelic rock]], including its production techniques, instrumentation, [[effects unit]]s such as [[wah-wah pedal|wah-wah]] and [[phaser (effect)|phasing]], and [[Psychedelia|drug influences]].<ref name="AllmusicPsychedelicSoul" /> It came to prominence in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s, playing a major role in the development of [[funk]] and [[disco]].


Pioneering acts working in the genre included [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[Isaac Hayes]], [[the Temptations]], [[the Chambers Brothers]], and [[Parliament-Funkadelic]].
Pioneering acts working in the genre included [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], and [[the Temptations]]. Mainstream acts that developed a psychedelic sound included [[the Supremes]] and [[Stevie Wonder]]. Acts that achieved notability with the sound included [[the Chambers Brothers]], [[the 5th Dimension]], [[Edwin Starr]], [[Rare Earth (band)|Rare Earth]], [[Arthur Brown (musician)|Arthur Brown]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/1114-fire-the-arthur-brown-story/|title=Arthur Brown: Fire: The Arthur Brown Story|website=Pitchfork.com|accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/reviews/the-crazy-world-of-arthur-brown-album-of-the-week-club-review|title=The Crazy World Of Arthur Brown: Album Of The Week Club Review|last=November 2018|website=Loudersound.com|accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2017-02-17/the-crazy-world-of-arthur-brown/|title=The Crazy World of Arthur Brown|website=Austinchronicle.com|accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref> and [[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]]'s [[Parliament-Funkadelic]] ensemble.


==History==
==History==
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[[File:Chambers Brothers 1970.JPG|thumb|upright|[[The Chambers Brothers]] in 1970]]
[[File:Chambers Brothers 1970.JPG|thumb|upright|[[The Chambers Brothers]] in 1970]]


Following the lead of [[Jimi Hendrix]] in [[psychedelic rock]], in the late 1960s [[psychedelia]] began to have a widespread impact on [[Afro American]] musicians, particularly the stars of the [[Motown]] label.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul>[http://www.allmusic.com/style/psychedelic-soul-ma0000005025 "Psychedelic soul"], ''AllMusic'', retrieved 27 February 2017.</ref> Influenced by the [[civil rights movement]], it had a darker and more political edge than much psychedelic rock.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> Building on the [[funk]] sound of [[James Brown]], it was pioneered by [[Sly and the Family Stone]] with songs like "[[Dance to the Music (song)|Dance to the Music]]" (1968), "[[Everyday People (song)|Everyday People]]" (1968) and "[[I Want to Take You Higher]]" (1969), which had a sound that emphasized distorted electric rhythm guitar and strong basslines.<ref name=Gulla2008>R. Gulla, ''Icons of R&B and Soul: an Encyclopedia of the Artists who Revolutionized Rhythm, Volume 2'' (London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008), {{ISBN|0-313-34046-3}}, pp. 278–81.</ref> Also important were [[the Temptations]] and their producer [[Norman Whitfield]], who moved from a relatively light vocal group into much more serious material with "[[Cloud Nine (The Temptations song)|Cloud Nine]]" (1968), "[[Runaway Child, Running Wild]]" (1969), and "[[Psychedelic Shack (song)|Psychedelic Shack]]" (1969).<ref name=Gulla2008/>
Following the lead of [[Jimi Hendrix]] as he moved from [[Soul music|soul]] to [[psychedelic rock]], the [[psychedelia|psychedelic subculture]] of the 1960s began to have a widespread impact on [[African Americans|African-American]] musicians, particularly the stars of the [[Motown]] label.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul>[http://www.allmusic.com/style/psychedelic-soul-ma0000005025 "Psychedelic soul"], ''AllMusic'', retrieved 27 February 2017.</ref> Influenced by the [[civil rights movement]], this style had a darker and more political edge than much contemporary psychedelic rock.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> [[The Temptations]] and their producer [[Norman Whitfield]] moved from a relatively light vocal group into more hard-edged and topical material like "[[Cloud Nine (The Temptations song)|Cloud Nine]]" (1968), "[[Runaway Child, Running Wild]]" (1969), and "[[Psychedelic Shack (song)|Psychedelic Shack]]" (1969).<ref name="Gulla2008" /> [[Sly and the Family Stone]] also helped pioneer the sound with songs like "[[Dance to the Music (song)|Dance to the Music]]" (1968), "[[Everyday People]]" (1968) and "[[I Want to Take You Higher]]" (1969), which combined psychedelic rock with [[funk]] and emphasized [[Distortion (music)|distorted]] electric guitar and strong basslines.<ref name="Gulla2008">R. Gulla, ''Icons of R&B and Soul: an Encyclopedia of the Artists who Revolutionized Rhythm, Volume 2'' (London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008), {{ISBN|0-313-34046-3}}, pp. 278–81.</ref>


===Development===
===Development===
Other Motown acts soon followed into psychedelic territory, including established performers like [[the Supremes]] with "[[Reflections (The Supremes song)|Reflections]]" (1967), "[[Love Child (song)|Love Child]]" (1968), and "[[Stoned Love]]" (1970).<ref name=Case2010/> Psychedelic influences could also be heard in the work of [[Stevie Wonder]]<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> and in [[Marvin Gaye]]'s socially conscious work from ''[[What's Going On (Marvin Gaye album)|What's Going On]]'' (1971).<ref>J. Ankeny, [{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p4344|pure_url=yes}} "Marvin Gaye"], ''AllMusic'', retrieved 3 July 2010.</ref> Acts that broke through with psychedelic soul included [[the Chambers Brothers]] with "[[Time Has Come Today]]" (1966, but charting in 1968),<ref name=Case2010/> [[the 5th Dimension]] with a cover of [[Laura Nyro]]'s "[[Stoned Soul Picnic (song)|Stoned Soul Picnic]]" (1968),<ref name=Case2010>G. Case, ''Out of Our Heads: Rock 'n' Roll Before the Drugs Wore Off'' (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2010), {{ISBN|0-87930-967-9}}, pp. 70–1.</ref> [[Edwin Starr]]'s "[[War (Edwin Starr song)|War]]" (1970) and [[the Undisputed Truth]]'s "[[Smiling Faces Sometimes]]" (1971).<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/>
Other Motown acts soon followed into psychedelic territory, including [[the Supremes]] with "[[Reflections (The Supremes song)|Reflections]]" (1967), "[[Love Child (song)|Love Child]]" (1968), and "[[Stoned Love]]" (1970).<ref name=Case2010/> Psychedelic influences could also be heard in the early 1970s work of [[Stevie Wonder]]<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> and [[Marvin Gaye]]'s 1971 album ''[[What's Going On (Marvin Gaye album)|What's Going On]]''.<ref>J. Ankeny, [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p4344|pure_url=yes}} "Marvin Gaye"], ''AllMusic'', retrieved 3 July 2010.</ref> Acts that broke through with psychedelic soul included [[the Chambers Brothers]] with "[[Time Has Come Today]]" (1966, but charting in 1968),<ref name=Case2010/> [[Arthur Brown (musician)|Arthur Brown]] with "[[Fire (Arthur Brown song)|Fire]]" (1968),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/1114-fire-the-arthur-brown-story/|title=Arthur Brown: Fire: The Arthur Brown Story|website=Pitchfork.com|accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/reviews/the-crazy-world-of-arthur-brown-album-of-the-week-club-review|title=The Crazy World Of Arthur Brown: Album Of The Week Club Review|last=November 2018|website=Loudersound.com|date=6 November 2018 |accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2017-02-17/the-crazy-world-of-arthur-brown/|title=The Crazy World of Arthur Brown|website=Austinchronicle.com|accessdate=25 February 2021}}</ref> [[the 5th Dimension]] with a cover of [[Laura Nyro]]'s "[[Stoned Soul Picnic (song)|Stoned Soul Picnic]]" (1968),<ref name=Case2010>G. Case, ''Out of Our Heads: Rock 'n' Roll Before the Drugs Wore Off'' (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2010), {{ISBN|0-87930-967-9}}, pp. 70–1.</ref> [[Edwin Starr]] with "[[War (Edwin Starr song)|War]]" (1970), and [[the Undisputed Truth]] with "[[Smiling Faces Sometimes]]" (1971).<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/>


[[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]]'s interdependent [[Funkadelic]] and [[Parliament (band)|Parliament]] ensembles and their various spin-offs, took the genre to its most extreme lengths, making funk almost a religion in the 1970s. Influenced by Detroit rock groups including [[MC5]] and [[The Stooges]], they used extended distorted guitar solos and psychedelic sound effects, coupled with surreal imagery and stage antics, especially on early Funkadelic albums such as ''[[Funkadelic (album)|Funkadelic]]'' (1970), ''[[Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow]]'' (1970), and ''[[Maggot Brain]]'' (1971); and Parliament album ''[[Osmium (album)|Osmium]]'' (1970),<ref name=Harrington2002>J. S. Harrington, ''Sonic Cool: the Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002), {{ISBN|0-634-02861-8}}, pp. 249–50.</ref> producing more than forty singles, including three in the US top ten, and three platinum albums.<ref name=Bogdanov2002GeorgeClinton>V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, ''All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul'' (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), {{ISBN|0-87930-653-X}}, p. 226.</ref>
[[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]]'s interdependent [[Funkadelic]] and [[Parliament (band)|Parliament]] ensembles and their various spin-offs took influence from Detroit rock groups including [[MC5]] and [[the Stooges]], using extended distorted guitar solos and psychedelic sound effects coupled with surreal imagery and stage antics forming part of an [[Afrofuturism|Afrofuturist]] [[P-Funk mythology|overarching mythology]],<ref name=Harrington2002>J. S. Harrington, ''Sonic Cool: the Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002), {{ISBN|0-634-02861-8}}, pp. 249–50.</ref> leading to three US top ten singles, and three platinum albums.<ref name=Bogdanov2002GeorgeClinton>V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, ''All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul'' (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), {{ISBN|0-87930-653-X}}, p. 226.</ref> [[Shuggie Otis]]' 1974 album ''[[Inspiration Information]]'' emerged too late to take advantage of the style's peak of popularity, but later found acclaim when it was reissued in 2001.<ref name="auto1">{{AllMusic |class=album |id=r108038 |tab=review |label=Shuggie Otis: ''Inspiration Information'' > Review |first=Stephen Thomas|last=Erlewine |access-date=August 26, 2011}}</ref>


===Decline and influence===
===Decline and influence===
While psychedelic rock began to waver at the end of the 1960s, psychedelic soul continued into the 1970s, peaking in popularity in the early years of the decade, and only disappearing in the late 1970s as tastes began to change.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> [[Isaac Hayes]] and [[Curtis Mayfield]] added orchestral instrumentation, creating [[cinematic soul]], which ultimately led to [[disco]].<ref name=kmuw>{{cite web|url=http://www.kmuw.org/post/musical-space-cinematic-soul|title=Musical Space: Cinematic Soul|first=Mark|last=Foley|work=[[KMUW]]|date=December 23, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Acts like [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], [[Kool & the Gang]], and [[Ohio Players]], who began as psychedelic soul artists, incorporated its sounds into funk music and eventually the disco which partly replaced it.<ref name=Bennet1993>A. Bennett, ''Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 1993), {{ISBN|0-203-99196-6}}, p. 239.</ref>
While psychedelic rock began to waver at the end of the 1960s, psychedelic soul's popularity continued into the 1970s and declined only towards the end of the decade.<ref name=AllmusicPsychedelicSoul/> [[Isaac Hayes]] and [[Curtis Mayfield]] added orchestral instrumentation to psychedelic soul, creating a style known as [[cinematic soul]] which became a predecessor to [[disco]].<ref name=kmuw>{{cite web|url=http://www.kmuw.org/post/musical-space-cinematic-soul|title=Musical Space: Cinematic Soul|first=Mark|last=Foley|work=[[KMUW]]|date=December 23, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Artists which began in psychedelic soul such as [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], [[Kool & the Gang]], and the [[Ohio Players]] incorporated its sounds into funk and disco.<ref name=Bennet1993>A. Bennett, ''Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 1993), {{ISBN|0-203-99196-6}}, p. 239.</ref>


===Modern artists===
===Modern artists===
Modern psychedelic soul artists include [[Erykah Badu]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|date=February 11, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/arts/music/13beatmachine.html|title=Lots of Beats, but No Drum in Sight|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Bilal (American singer)|Bilal]],<ref>{{cite news|page=33|title=Music|url=https://issuu.com/willametteweek/docs/42.24_-_willamette_week__april_13__|via=[[Issuu]]|newspaper=[[Willamette Week]]|date=April 13, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Janelle Monáe]],<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|date=October 24, 2013|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/10/24/janelle-monae-named-billboard-2013-rising-star/3176213/|title='Billboard' names Janelle Monáe its 2013 Rising Star|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> and [[Black Pumas]].<ref name="LATimes_20Nov19">{{cite news |last=Carras |first=Christ |date=November 20, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-11-20/2020-grammy-nominations-who-is-black-pumas |title=Who are Black Pumas, the Grammys' most mysterious new artist nominee? |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref>
Modern psychedelic soul artists include [[Erykah Badu]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|date=February 11, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/arts/music/13beatmachine.html|title=Lots of Beats, but No Drum in Sight|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Bilal (American singer)|Bilal]],<ref>{{cite news|page=33|title=Music|url=https://issuu.com/willametteweek/docs/42.24_-_willamette_week__april_13__|via=[[Issuu]]|newspaper=[[Willamette Week]]|date=April 13, 2016|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Black Pumas]],<ref name="LATimes_20Nov19">{{cite news |last=Carras |first=Christ |date=November 20, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-11-20/2020-grammy-nominations-who-is-black-pumas |title=Who are Black Pumas, the Grammys' most mysterious new artist nominee? |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California}}</ref> [[Janelle Monáe]],<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|last=Gundersen|first=Edna|date=October 24, 2013|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2013/10/24/janelle-monae-named-billboard-2013-rising-star/3176213/|title='Billboard' names Janelle Monáe its 2013 Rising Star|access-date=August 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Adrian Younge]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/adrian-younge-kicks-off-produced-by-series-with-georgia-anne-muldrow-terrace-martin-collab/ |title=Adrian Younge kicks off "Produced By" series with Georgia Anne Muldrow & Terrace Martin collab |last=Sacher |first=Andrew |date=February 1, 2019 |publisher=Brooklyn Vegan |access-date=2023-02-09 |quote=Amazon Music's "Produced By" series continues with psychedelic soul great Adrian Younge.}}</ref> and [[Kali Uchis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/kali-uchis-red-moon-in-venus/|title=Kali Uchis: Red Moon in Venus Album Review|website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|last=Santiago|first=Gio|date=March 3, 2023|access-date=March 3, 2023}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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{{BlackMusicHistory}}
{{BlackMusicHistory}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Psychedelic Soul}}
[[Category:Psychedelic soul| ]]
[[Category:Psychedelic soul| ]]
⚫
[[Category:Soul music genres]]
[[Category:Psychedelic music]]
[[Category:Psychedelic music]]
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[[Category:Soul music genres]]
[[Category:20th-century music genres]]

Latest revision as of 15:58, 27 October 2024

"Black rock" redirects here. For the fusion of black metal and hard rock, see black 'n' roll.
Psychedelic soul
Jimi Hendrix on stage at Gröna Lund in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1967
Other names
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid to late 1960s, United States
Derivative forms
Other topics

Psychedelic soul (originally called black rock[1] or conflated with psychedelic funk[2]) is a form of soul music which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s. The style saw African-American soul musicians embrace elements of psychedelic rock, including its production techniques, instrumentation, effects units such as wah-wah and phasing, and drug influences.[3] It came to prominence in the late 1960s and continued into the 1970s, playing a major role in the development of funk and disco.

Pioneering acts working in the genre included Sly and the Family Stone, Isaac Hayes, the Temptations, the Chambers Brothers, and Parliament-Funkadelic.

History

[edit]
See also: Psychedelic funk and progressive soul

Origins

[edit]
The Chambers Brothers in 1970

Following the lead of Jimi Hendrix as he moved from soul to psychedelic rock, the psychedelic subculture of the 1960s began to have a widespread impact on African-American musicians, particularly the stars of the Motown label.[3] Influenced by the civil rights movement, this style had a darker and more political edge than much contemporary psychedelic rock.[3] The Temptations and their producer Norman Whitfield moved from a relatively light vocal group into more hard-edged and topical material like "Cloud Nine" (1968), "Runaway Child, Running Wild" (1969), and "Psychedelic Shack" (1969).[4] Sly and the Family Stone also helped pioneer the sound with songs like "Dance to the Music" (1968), "Everyday People" (1968) and "I Want to Take You Higher" (1969), which combined psychedelic rock with funk and emphasized distorted electric guitar and strong basslines.[4]

Development

[edit]

Other Motown acts soon followed into psychedelic territory, including the Supremes with "Reflections" (1967), "Love Child" (1968), and "Stoned Love" (1970).[5] Psychedelic influences could also be heard in the early 1970s work of Stevie Wonder[3] and Marvin Gaye's 1971 album What's Going On.[6] Acts that broke through with psychedelic soul included the Chambers Brothers with "Time Has Come Today" (1966, but charting in 1968),[5] Arthur Brown with "Fire" (1968),[7][8][9] the 5th Dimension with a cover of Laura Nyro's "Stoned Soul Picnic" (1968),[5] Edwin Starr with "War" (1970), and the Undisputed Truth with "Smiling Faces Sometimes" (1971).[3]

George Clinton's interdependent Funkadelic and Parliament ensembles and their various spin-offs took influence from Detroit rock groups including MC5 and the Stooges, using extended distorted guitar solos and psychedelic sound effects coupled with surreal imagery and stage antics forming part of an Afrofuturist overarching mythology,[1] leading to three US top ten singles, and three platinum albums.[10] Shuggie Otis' 1974 album Inspiration Information emerged too late to take advantage of the style's peak of popularity, but later found acclaim when it was reissued in 2001.[11]

Decline and influence

[edit]

While psychedelic rock began to waver at the end of the 1960s, psychedelic soul's popularity continued into the 1970s and declined only towards the end of the decade.[3] Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield added orchestral instrumentation to psychedelic soul, creating a style known as cinematic soul which became a predecessor to disco.[12] Artists which began in psychedelic soul such as Earth, Wind & Fire, Kool & the Gang, and the Ohio Players incorporated its sounds into funk and disco.[13]

Modern artists

[edit]

Modern psychedelic soul artists include Erykah Badu,[14] Bilal,[15] Black Pumas,[16] Janelle Monáe,[17] Adrian Younge,[18] and Kali Uchis.[19]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b J. S. Harrington, Sonic Cool: the Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002), ISBN 0-634-02861-8, pp. 249–50.
  2. ^ Echard, William (2017). Psychedelic Popular Music: A History through Musical Topic Theory. Indiana University Press. pp. 123–125. ISBN 9780253026590. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Psychedelic soul", AllMusic, retrieved 27 February 2017.
  4. ^ a b R. Gulla, Icons of R&B and Soul: an Encyclopedia of the Artists who Revolutionized Rhythm, Volume 2 (London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008), ISBN 0-313-34046-3, pp. 278–81.
  5. ^ a b c G. Case, Out of Our Heads: Rock 'n' Roll Before the Drugs Wore Off (Milwaukie, MI: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2010), ISBN 0-87930-967-9, pp. 70–1.
  6. ^ J. Ankeny, "Marvin Gaye", AllMusic, retrieved 3 July 2010.
  7. ^ "Arthur Brown: Fire: The Arthur Brown Story". Pitchfork.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  8. ^ November 2018 (6 November 2018). "The Crazy World Of Arthur Brown: Album Of The Week Club Review". Loudersound.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "The Crazy World of Arthur Brown". Austinchronicle.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  10. ^ V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X, p. 226.
  11. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Shuggie Otis: Inspiration Information > Review at AllMusic. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  12. ^ Foley, Mark (December 23, 2014). "Musical Space: Cinematic Soul". KMUW. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
  13. ^ A. Bennett, Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions (Abingdon: Routledge, 1993), ISBN 0-203-99196-6, p. 239.
  14. ^ Caramanica, Jon (February 11, 2011). "Lots of Beats, but No Drum in Sight". The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  15. ^ "Music". Willamette Week. April 13, 2016. p. 33. Retrieved August 20, 2020 – via Issuu.
  16. ^ Carras, Christ (November 20, 2019). "Who are Black Pumas, the Grammys' most mysterious new artist nominee?". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California.
  17. ^ Gundersen, Edna (October 24, 2013). "'Billboard' names Janelle Monáe its 2013 Rising Star". USA Today. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  18. ^ Sacher, Andrew (February 1, 2019). "Adrian Younge kicks off "Produced By" series with Georgia Anne Muldrow & Terrace Martin collab". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 2023-02-09. Amazon Music's "Produced By" series continues with psychedelic soul great Adrian Younge.
  19. ^ Santiago, Gio (March 3, 2023). "Kali Uchis: Red Moon in Venus Album Review". Pitchfork. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
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