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{{Infobox Palestinian Authority muni
{{Infobox settlement
|name=Dura al-Qar'
| name = Dura al-Qar'
| translit_lang1 = Arabic
⚫
|image=Dura al-Qar'4447.jpg
| translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
|caption=View of Dura al-Qar'
|arname=دورا القرع
| translit_lang1_info = دورا القرع
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Latin script|Latin]]
⚫
|meaning="a circle"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/229/mode/1up 229]</ref>
| translit_lang1_info1 = Dura al-Qari' (official)<br />Dura al-Qari'a or Dura al-Qara (unofficial)
|founded=
| type = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type D (Village council)]]
|type=mund
⚫
| image_skyline = Dura al-Qar'4447.jpg
|typefrom=
|altOffSp=Dura al-Qari'
| image_caption = View of Dura al-Qar'
| pushpin_map = Palestine
|altUnoSp=Dura al-Qari'a or Dura al-Qara
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dura al-Qar' within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
|governorate=rb
| image_map =
⚫
|coordinates = {{coord|31|57|33|N|35|13|42|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption =
|palgrid=171/151
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|31|57|33|N|35|13|42|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
|population=2,897
| grid_name = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
|popyear=2007
| grid_position = 171/151
|area=4,016
| subdivision_type = State
|areakm=4.0
| subdivision_name = [[State of Palestine]]
|mayor=
| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate|Ramallah and al-Bireh]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Village council]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = dunam
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4.0
| area_total_dunam = 4016
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=ARIJp4>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171019002220/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Dura_el_Qar'-vp-en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village Profile], ARIJ, p. 4</ref>
| elevation_m = 728
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total = 3032
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning
⚫
| blank_info_sec1 = "a circle"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/229/mode/1up 229]</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Dura al-Qar'''' ({{lang-ar|'''دورا القرع'''}}) or '''Dura al-Qari'a''' is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] town in the central [[West Bank]], part of the [[Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], Dura al-Qar' had a population of 2,897 inhabitants in 2007.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS Census] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210000000/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf |date=December 10, 2010 }}. [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]. p.114.</ref>
'''Dura al-Qar'''' ({{langx|ar|دورا القرع}}) or '''Dura al-Qari'a''' is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] town in the central [[West Bank]], part of the [[Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], Dura al-Qar' had a population of 3,032 inhabitants in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" />


The town's total land area is 4,016 [[dunam]]s, of which 2,891 dunams have been appropriated by [[Israel]] mostly for the purpose of building a by-pass road. According to Dura al-Qar's village council, 142 families have been directly affected by the confiscations and 58% of the town's population depend on those lands as main sources of income.{{Citation needed|reason=Aug. 2010|date=August 2010}} Nearby towns include [[Jifna]] to the north, [[Ein Yabrud]] to the east, [[Beitin]] and [[Beit El]] to the south, and [[Yabrud, Ramallah|Yabrud]] to the north-east.
The town's total land area is 4,016 [[dunam]]s, of which 2,891 dunams have been appropriated by [[Israel]] mostly for the purpose of building a by-pass road. According to Dura al-Qar's village council, 142 families have been directly affected by the confiscations and 58% of the town's population depend on those lands as main sources of income.{{Citation needed|reason=Aug. 2010|date=August 2010}}


==Geography==
Dura al-Qar' is famous for having one of the most fertile lands in the area and contributes a lot to Ramallah's vegetable market. Furthermore, Dura al-Qar' is also important archaeologically. Dr. Hamdan Taha, director of the Department Of Antiquities, says Dura al-Qar's archaeological history dates back to the Roman period. It has tombs, pools and canals hewn in the solid rock. The most unique feature in the village is its traditional irrigation system that represents one of the most preserved water systems. A series of restorations were carried out to safeguard the sites and Dura al-Qar' is now declared an environmental and archaeological conservation area.
Dura el Qar' is located on the Samarian hills,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ron |first=Zvi Y. D. |date=1985 |title=Development and Management of Irrigation Systems in Mountain Regions of the Holy Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/621820 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=164 |doi=10.2307/621820 |jstor=621820 |bibcode=1985TrIBG..10..149R |issn=0020-2754}}</ref> {{convert|6.6|km|mi|sp=us}} north-east of [[Ramallah]]. It is bordered by [[Ein Yabrud]] to the east, [[Ein Siniya]] to the north, [[Jifna]], [[Al-Jalazun Camp]] and [[Surda]] to the west, and [[Al Bireh]] to the south.<ref name=ARIJp4/>


The village is located atop [[Terrace (earthworks)|irrigated terraces]], constructed within a valley, accompanied by multiple private [[Reservoir|reservoirs]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ron |first=Zvi Y. D. |date=1985 |title=Development and Management of Irrigation Systems in Mountain Regions of the Holy Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/621820 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=164 |doi=10.2307/621820 |jstor=621820 |bibcode=1985TrIBG..10..149R |issn=0020-2754}}</ref>

==Location==
Dura el Qar' is located 6.6 km north-east of [[Ramallah]]. It is bordered by [[Ein Yabrud]] lands to the east, [[Ein Siniya]] to the north, [[Jifna]], [[Al-Jalazun Camp]] and [[Surda]] to the west, and [[Al Bireh]] lands to the south.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Dura_el_Qar'-vp-en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village Profile], ARIJ, p. 4</ref>


==History==
==History==
⚫
[[Sherd|Potsherds]] from the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and Roman/[[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] era have been found in the village.<ref name=Finkelstein552>Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 552</ref>
Dura el Qar' village was named after Dura village in Hebron Governorate, where the earliest residents of the village originated from. The establishment of the village dates back the 1600, and its residents originate from Dura (Arabic: دورا) village in Hebron and from the Sameet (Arabic: سميط) valley in the Talluza (Arabic: طلوزه‎) village in the Nablus Governorate.

⚫
[[Sherd|Potsherds]] from the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and Roman/[[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] era have been found in the village.<ref name=Finkelstein552>Finkelstein et. al., 1997, p. 552</ref>


===Ottoman era===
===Ottoman era===
Potsherds from the early [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] era have been found here.<ref name=Finkelstein552/> In 1838, it was noted as a village in the ''Beni Harit'' district, north of Jerusalem.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. iii, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/124/mode/1up 124]</ref>
Potsherds from the early [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] era have been found here.<ref name=Finkelstein552/>


In 1838, it was noted as a [[Muslim]] village, ''Durah'', in the ''Beni Harit'' district, north of Jerusalem.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. iii, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/124/mode/1up 124]</ref>
⚫
In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 250 inhabitants. He further described that old oaks shaded for ancient springs, which were used to irrigate the fields. Several houses in the village were built, at least in part, with ancient stones.<ref>Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n55/mode/1up 42]</ref> An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 120, in 22 houses, though the population count included men, only.<ref name=Socin153>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/153/mode/1up 153]. It was also noted that it was in the ''Beni Harit'' District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n934/mode/1up 126], also noted 22 houses</ref>


⚫
In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 250 inhabitants. He further described that old oaks shaded for ancient springs, which were used to irrigate the fields. Several houses in the village were built, at least in part, with ancient stones.<ref>Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n55/mode/1up 42]</ref> An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 120, in 22 houses, though the population count only included men.<ref name=Socin153>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/153/mode/1up 153]. It was also noted that it was in the ''Beni Harit'' District</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n934/mode/1up 126], also noted 22 houses</ref>
⚫
In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]'s ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described ''Durah'' as "a small village on the side of a valley, with springs on the south, and olives".<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/294/mode/1up 294]</ref>

⚫
In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' (SWP) described ''Durah'' as "a small village on the side of a valley, with springs on the south, and olives".<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/294/mode/1up 294]</ref>
In 1907, it was described as "a small, healthfully located Moslem village. Its inhabitants have a good reputation for peaceful relations with the [[Jifna]] Christians. The Durah people raise many vegetables."<ref>Grant, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/peasantryofpales00granrich#page/219/mode/1up 219]</ref>
In 1907, it was described as "a small, healthfully located Moslem village. Its inhabitants have a good reputation for peaceful relations with the [[Jifna]] Christians. The Durah people raise many vegetables."<ref>Grant, 1907, p. [https://archive.org/stream/peasantryofpales00granrich#page/219/mode/1up 219]</ref>


In 1896 the population of ''Dura el-kara'' was estimated to be about 246 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n230/mode/1up 123]</ref>
In 1896 the population of ''Dura el-kara'' was estimated to be about 246 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n230/mode/1up 123]</ref>


===British Mandate era===
===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]], conducted by the [[British Mandate of Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Dura el Qare''' had a population of 191, all [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 303, still all Muslims, in a total of 71 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 48]</ref>
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]], conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Dura el Qare''' had a population of 191, all [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n18/mode/1up 16]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 303, still all Muslims, in a total of 71 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 48]</ref>


In [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945]] the population was 370, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p26>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]</ref> while the total land area was 4,166 [[dunam]]s, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]</ref> Of this, 1,762 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,253 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-112.jpg 112]</ref> while 18 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-162.jpg 162]</ref>
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] the population was 370, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p26>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]</ref> while the total land area was 4,166 [[dunam]]s, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-064.jpg 64]</ref> Of this, 1,762 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,253 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-112.jpg 112]</ref> while 18 dunams were classified as built-up areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-162.jpg 162]</ref>


===Jordanian era===
===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Dura al-Qar' came under [[Jordan]]ian rule.
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Dura al-Qar' came under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]].

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 576 inhabitants in ''Dura Qar'''.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24]</ref>


===1967 and after===
===1967 and after===
After the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Dura al-Qar' has been under [[Israel]]i occupation.
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Dura al-Qar' has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].

After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 23.3% of the village‟s total area has been classified as [[Palestinian enclaves|Area B]] land, while the remaining 76.7% is classified as [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]]. Israel has “[[Land expropriation in the West Bank|confiscated]]” 680 dunum of village land for constructing the [[Israeli settlement]] of [[Beit El]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171019002220/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Dura_el_Qar'-vp-en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village Profile], ARIJ, p. 17</ref>

⚫
On August 14, 1995, Kheir Abdel Hafid Qassem, a 24-year-old Palestinian man, was shot dead by an [[Israeli settler]] from [[Beit El]], and many people were arrested, while he and about a 100 other residents of Dura al-Qar' were attempting to drive away settlers by tearing down Israeli canvas shelters and cinder-block buildings outside of the village.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/14/world/settlers-gunfire-kills-palestinian-at-west-bank-protest.html Settlers' Gunfire Kills Palestinian at West Bank Protest] Greenberg, Joel. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 1995-08-14.</ref>


==Demographics==
⚫
On August 14, 1995, Kheir Abdel Hafid Qassem, a 24-year-old Palestinian man, was shot dead by an [[Israeli settler]] from [[Beit El]], and many people were arrested, while he and about a 100 other residents of Dura al-Qar' were attempting to drive away settlers by tearing down Israeli canvas shelters and cinder-block buildings outside of the village.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE2D7153FF937A2575BC0A963958260 Settlers' Gunfire Kills Palestinian at West Bank Protest] Greenberg, Joel. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 1995-08-14.</ref>
Residents of Dura al-Qar', along with people in the nearby villages in the [[Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate|Ramallah Governorate]] such as [[At-Tira (Ramallah)|al-Tira]], [[Beit 'Anan]] and [[Beit Ur al-Fauqa]], trace their origins to the town of [[Dura, Hebron|Dura]], southwest of [[Hebron]]. A former leader of Dura al-Qar' claimed that before they settled in the village, the inhabitants used to live in the Faria'{{which|North (Samaria) or South (Besor near Gaza)? |date= February 2024}} Basin.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Grossman |first=D. |title=The Expansion of the Settlement Frontier of Hebron's Western and Southern Fringes |journal=[[Geography Research Forum]] |volume=5 |year=1982 |page=64}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|25em}}
{{Reflist|25em}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Claude Reignier|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
⚫
*{{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, I. | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=[[Tel Aviv]]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
⚫
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
⚫
*{{cite book|editor1=Finkelstein, Israel | editor1-link= Israel Finkelstein|editor2=Lederman, Zvi|year=1997|title=Highlands of many cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hA59tgAACAAJ |location=[[Tel Aviv]]|publisher= Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section| isbn = 965-440-007-3}}
⚫
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=Victor|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
*{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Elihu|authorlink=Elihu Grant|year=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantrypalest01grangoog |title=The Peasantry of Palestine|publisher=The Pilgrim Press|location= Boston, New York [etc.]}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|last=Grant|first=E.|author-link=Elihu Grant|year=1907|url=https://archive.org/details/peasantrypalest01grangoog |title=The Peasantry of Palestine|publisher=The Pilgrim Press|location= Boston, New York [etc.]}}
*{{cite book |title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book |title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlink = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ/page/n131 102]–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=Edward|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=Eli|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=http://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| authorlink = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| author-link = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut/page/120 120]–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlink = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut/page/135 135]–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
{{refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Dura_al_Qari__983/index.html Welcome To Dura al-Qari']
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Dura_al_Qari__983/index.html Welcome To Dura al-Qari']
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8376 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.14.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8376 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.14.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/factsheet/Dura%20el%20Qar'_vp_en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village (Fact Sheet)], [[Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem]] (ARIJ)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140414061214/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/factsheet/Dura%20el%20Qar'_vp_en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village (Fact Sheet)], [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]] (ARIJ)
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Dura_el_Qar'-vp-en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village Profile], Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171019002220/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Dura_el_Qar'-vp-en.pdf Dura el Qar’ Village Profile], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/images/english/Dura%20al%20Qar'_ap_en.jpg Dura el Qar’ aerial photo], Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140413231708/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/images/english/Dura%20al%20Qar'_ap_en.jpg Dura el Qar’ aerial photo], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Dura%20el%20Qar'-vp-en.pdf Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Dura el Qar’ Village], Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140907122532/http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Dura%20el%20Qar'-vp-en.pdf Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Dura el Qar’ Village], ARIJ

{{Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate}}
{{Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dura Al-Qar'}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dura Al-Qar'}}
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]

Latest revision as of 03:40, 28 October 2024

Dura al-Qar'
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicدورا القرع
 • LatinDura al-Qari' (official)
Dura al-Qari'a or Dura al-Qara (unofficial)
View of Dura al-Qar'
View of Dura al-Qar'
Dura al-Qar' is located in State of Palestine
Dura al-Qar'
Dura al-Qar'
Location of Dura al-Qar' within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°57′33″N 35°13′42″E / 31.95917°N 35.22833°E / 31.95917; 35.22833
Palestine grid171/151
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateRamallah and al-Bireh
Government
 • TypeVillage council
Area
 • Total
4,016 dunams (4.0 km2 or 1.5 sq mi)
Elevation
[1]
728 m (2,388 ft)
Population
 (2017)[2]
 • Total
3,032
 • Density760/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Name meaning"a circle"[3]

Dura al-Qar' (Arabic: دورا القرع) or Dura al-Qari'a is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank, part of the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Dura al-Qar' had a population of 3,032 inhabitants in 2017.[2]

The town's total land area is 4,016 dunams, of which 2,891 dunams have been appropriated by Israel mostly for the purpose of building a by-pass road. According to Dura al-Qar's village council, 142 families have been directly affected by the confiscations and 58% of the town's population depend on those lands as main sources of income.[citation needed]

Geography

[edit]

Dura el Qar' is located on the Samarian hills,[4] 6.6 kilometers (4.1 mi) north-east of Ramallah. It is bordered by Ein Yabrud to the east, Ein Siniya to the north, Jifna, Al-Jalazun Camp and Surda to the west, and Al Bireh to the south.[1]

The village is located atop irrigated terraces, constructed within a valley, accompanied by multiple private reservoirs.[5]

History

[edit]

Potsherds from the Roman and Roman/Byzantine era have been found in the village.[6]

Ottoman era

[edit]

Potsherds from the early Ottoman era have been found here.[6]

In 1838, it was noted as a Muslim village, Durah, in the Beni Harit district, north of Jerusalem.[7]

In 1863 Victor Guérin found the village to have 250 inhabitants. He further described that old oaks shaded for ancient springs, which were used to irrigate the fields. Several houses in the village were built, at least in part, with ancient stones.[8] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 120, in 22 houses, though the population count only included men.[9][10]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Durah as "a small village on the side of a valley, with springs on the south, and olives".[11] In 1907, it was described as "a small, healthfully located Moslem village. Its inhabitants have a good reputation for peaceful relations with the Jifna Christians. The Durah people raise many vegetables."[12]

In 1896 the population of Dura el-kara was estimated to be about 246 persons.[13]

British Mandate era

[edit]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Dura el Qare' had a population of 191, all Muslims,[14] increasing in the 1931 census to 303, still all Muslims, in a total of 71 houses.[15]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 370, all Muslims,[16] while the total land area was 4,166 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[17] Of this, 1,762 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,253 for cereals,[18] while 18 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[19]

Jordanian era

[edit]

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Dura al-Qar' came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 576 inhabitants in Dura Qar'.[20]

1967 and after

[edit]

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Dura al-Qar' has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 23.3% of the village‟s total area has been classified as Area B land, while the remaining 76.7% is classified as Area C. Israel has “confiscated” 680 dunum of village land for constructing the Israeli settlement of Beit El.[21]

On August 14, 1995, Kheir Abdel Hafid Qassem, a 24-year-old Palestinian man, was shot dead by an Israeli settler from Beit El, and many people were arrested, while he and about a 100 other residents of Dura al-Qar' were attempting to drive away settlers by tearing down Israeli canvas shelters and cinder-block buildings outside of the village.[22]

Demographics

[edit]

Residents of Dura al-Qar', along with people in the nearby villages in the Ramallah Governorate such as al-Tira, Beit 'Anan and Beit Ur al-Fauqa, trace their origins to the town of Dura, southwest of Hebron. A former leader of Dura al-Qar' claimed that before they settled in the village, the inhabitants used to live in the Faria'[which?] Basin.[23]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dura el Qar’ Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 4
  2. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  3. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 229
  4. ^ Ron, Zvi Y. D. (1985). "Development and Management of Irrigation Systems in Mountain Regions of the Holy Land". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 10 (2): 164. Bibcode:1985TrIBG..10..149R. doi:10.2307/621820. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 621820.
  5. ^ Ron, Zvi Y. D. (1985). "Development and Management of Irrigation Systems in Mountain Regions of the Holy Land". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 10 (2): 164. Bibcode:1985TrIBG..10..149R. doi:10.2307/621820. ISSN 0020-2754. JSTOR 621820.
  6. ^ a b Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 552
  7. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. iii, 2nd appendix, p. 124
  8. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 42
  9. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 153. It was also noted that it was in the Beni Harit District
  10. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 126, also noted 22 houses
  11. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 294
  12. ^ Grant, 1907, p. 219
  13. ^ Schick, 1896, p. 123
  14. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
  15. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 48
  16. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
  17. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
  20. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
  21. ^ Dura el Qar’ Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 17
  22. ^ Settlers' Gunfire Kills Palestinian at West Bank Protest Greenberg, Joel. The New York Times. 1995-08-14.
  23. ^ Grossman, D. (1982). "The Expansion of the Settlement Frontier of Hebron's Western and Southern Fringes". Geography Research Forum. 5: 64.

Bibliography

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