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{{Short description|Priestly title in ancient Egypt}}
The '''High Priest of Re''' was known in Egyptian as the ''wr-m3w'' which translates as Greatest of Seers. <ref>Elizabeth Frood, John Baines, Biographical texts from Ramessid Egypt
The '''High Priest of Ra''' or '''of Re''' was known in Egyptian as the ''wr-mꜢw'', which translates as Greatest of Seers.<ref>[[Elizabeth Frood]], [[John Baines (Egyptologist)|John Baines]], ''Biographical texts from Ramessid Egypt''.</ref>
⚫
</ref> The main cult of Ra was in Heliopolis. The high priests of Ra are not as well documented as the high priests of other deities such as Amun and Ptah.


⚫
The main cult of [[Ra]] was in ancient [[Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)|Heliopolis]], northeast of present-day [[Cairo]]. The high priests of Ra are not as well documented as the high priests of other deities such as [[Amun]] and [[Ptah]].
==Old Kingdom==
⚫
* [[Imhotep]], time of [[Djoser]] [[Third dynasty of Egypt|3rd dynasty]]
⚫
* [[Prince Rahotep]], possibly son of [[Sneferu]] [[Fourth dynasty of Egypt|4th dynasty]]


==List of high priests==
==Middle Kingdom==
;[[Old Kingdom]] (c. 2686 BCE – 2181 BCE)
⚫
* [[Imhotep]], time of [[Djoser]], [[Third dynasty of Egypt|Third Dynasty]]
⚫
* [[Prince Rahotep]], possibly son of [[Sneferu]], [[Fourth dynasty of Egypt|Fourth Dynasty]]

;[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] (c. 2055 BCE–1550 BCE)
* [[Nubkaura-ankh]], from offering table and rock inscription
* [[Nubkaura-ankh]], from offering table and rock inscription
* [[Khakaureemhat]], papyrus from [[Lahun]]
* [[Khakaureemhat]], papyrus from [[Lahun]]
Line 12: Line 15:
* Ra, seal
* Ra, seal
* [[Khentyhetep Iyemiatib]], seal
* [[Khentyhetep Iyemiatib]], seal
* [[Iuefsenef]], seal<ref>All Middle Kingdom priests according to: W. Grajetzki: ''Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom'', London 2009 ISBN 978 07156 3745 6, p. 177</ref>
* [[Iuefsenef]], seal<ref>All Middle Kingdom priests according to: W. Grajetzki: ''Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom'', London 2009 {{ISBN|978-0-7156-3745-6}}, p. 177</ref>


;[[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]] (c. 1550 BCE–1069 BCE)
==New Kingdom==
;;[[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt|Eighteenth Dynasty]]
'''18th dynasty'''
* [[Ahmose (18th dynasty)|Ahmose]], son of [[Amenhotep II]]. Served during the reign of [[Thutmose IV]]
* [[Ahmose (18th dynasty)|Ahmose]], son of [[Amenhotep II]]. Served during the reign of [[Thutmose IV]]
* Pawah served during the reign of [[Akhenaten]]
* Pawah served during the reign of [[Akhenaten]]
;;[[Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt|Nineteenth Dynasty]]

'''19th dynasty'''
* [[Bak (High Priest of Re)]] Bak was a royal charioteer and later high priest of Re.
* [[Bak (High Priest of Re)]] Bak was a royal charioteer and later high priest of Re.
* Amenemope, son of the high priest of [[Amun]], [[Parennefer called Wennefer]]
* Amenemope, son of the high priest of [[Amun]], [[Parennefer called Wennefer]]
* [[Meryatum]] son of [[Ramesses II]] and [[Nefertari]]
* [[Meryatum]] son of [[Ramesses II]] and [[Nefertari]]
* Rahotep served as Vizier as well as high priest of Re during the reign of [[Ramesses II]].
* [[Prehotep II|Rahotep]] served as Vizier as well as high priest of Re during the reign of [[Ramesses II]].
;;[[Twentieth dynasty of Egypt|Twentieth Dynasty]]

'''20th dynasty'''
* [[Meryatum II]] served during the [[Twentieth Dynasty]]
* [[Meryatum II]] served during the [[Twentieth Dynasty]]
* [[Nebmaatre (prince)|Nebmaatre]], likely a son of [[Ramesses IX]]
* [[Nebmaatre (prince)|Nebmaatre]], likely a son of [[Ramesses IX]]

==Related archaeological elements==
[[File:Masalla Matarayyiah 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Masalla [[obelisk#Egyptian|Obelisk]], at the Temple of Re—Atum site in [[El Matareya, Cairo|Al-Matariyyah]].]]
The Al-Masalla area of the [[El Matareya, Cairo|Al-Matariyyah]] district, the site of Heliopolis, contains the underground tombs of High Priests of Re of the [[Sixth dynasty of Egypt|Sixth Dynasty]] (2345 BCE—2181 BCE), which were found in the southeast corner of the great Temple of [[Ra|Re]]—[[Atum]] archaeological site. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetware.com/cairo/heliopolis-el-matariya-tombs-egy-cai-elmat.htm |title=El-Matariya Tombs, Heliopolis, Cairo |access-date=2011-01-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223101624/http://www.planetware.com/cairo/heliopolis-el-matariya-tombs-egy-cai-elmat.htm |archive-date=2010-12-23 }} Planetware: Priests of Re tombs, Heliopolis—Al-Matariyyah. accessed 01.28.2011</ref> The ancient Masalla [[obelisk#Egyptian|Obelisk]], or El-Misalla ({{langx|ar|المسلة}}, trans. obelisk), in Al-Matariyyah is the only surviving element standing of the Re—Atum Temple, constructed by Pharaoh [[Senusret I]] (1971 BCE—1926 BCE) of the [[Twelfth dynasty of Egypt|Twelfth Dynasty]]. <ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Obelisk |volume=19 |page=945 |first=Francis Llewellyn |last=Griffith |authorlink=Francis Llewellyn Griffith}}</ref><ref>http://www.planetware.com/cairo/heliopolis-obelisk-egy-cai-obe.htm Planetware: Masalla Obelisk, Temple of Re—Atum, Heliopolis—Al-Matariyyah . accessed 01.28.2011</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Ancient Egyptian priests]]
{{Ancient Egyptian royal titulary}}


[[Category:High priests of Re| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian priests|.]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian titles]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian titles]]

Latest revision as of 03:45, 28 October 2024

The High Priest of Ra or of Re was known in Egyptian as the wr-mꜢw, which translates as Greatest of Seers.[1]

The main cult of Ra was in ancient Heliopolis, northeast of present-day Cairo. The high priests of Ra are not as well documented as the high priests of other deities such as Amun and Ptah.

List of high priests

[edit]
Old Kingdom (c. 2686 BCE – 2181 BCE)
Middle Kingdom (c. 2055 BCE–1550 BCE)
New Kingdom (c. 1550 BCE–1069 BCE)
Eighteenth Dynasty
Nineteenth Dynasty
Twentieth Dynasty
[edit]
The Masalla Obelisk, at the Temple of Re—Atum site in Al-Matariyyah.

The Al-Masalla area of the Al-Matariyyah district, the site of Heliopolis, contains the underground tombs of High Priests of Re of the Sixth Dynasty (2345 BCE—2181 BCE), which were found in the southeast corner of the great Temple of Re—Atum archaeological site. [3] The ancient Masalla Obelisk, or El-Misalla (Arabic: المسلة, trans. obelisk), in Al-Matariyyah is the only surviving element standing of the Re—Atum Temple, constructed by Pharaoh Senusret I (1971 BCE—1926 BCE) of the Twelfth Dynasty. [4][5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Elizabeth Frood, John Baines, Biographical texts from Ramessid Egypt.
  2. ^ All Middle Kingdom priests according to: W. Grajetzki: Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, London 2009 ISBN 978-0-7156-3745-6, p. 177
  3. ^ "El-Matariya Tombs, Heliopolis, Cairo". Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2011-01-30. Planetware: Priests of Re tombs, Heliopolis—Al-Matariyyah. accessed 01.28.2011
  4. ^ Griffith, Francis Llewellyn (1911). "Obelisk" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 945.
  5. ^ http://www.planetware.com/cairo/heliopolis-obelisk-egy-cai-obe.htm Planetware: Masalla Obelisk, Temple of Re—Atum, Heliopolis—Al-Matariyyah . accessed 01.28.2011
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