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{{short description|Spain-based friendship association with North Korea}}
{{short description|Spain-based friendship association with North Korea}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = Korean Friendship Association
| name = Korean Friendship Association
| image =
| image =
| image_border =
| image_border =
| size =
| size =
| alt =
| logo = Korean_Friendship_Association_logo.png
| alt =
| caption = Korean Friendship Association logo
| caption = Korean Friendship Association logo
| map =
<!--| map =
| msize =
| msize =
| malt =
| malt =
| mcaption =
| mcaption = -->| abbreviation = KFA
⚫
| motto =
| abbreviation = KFA
⚫
| formation = {{Start date|2000|11}}
⚫
| motto =
| extinction =
⚫
| formation = {{Start date|2000|11}}
| extinction =
| type =
| type =
| status =
⚫
| purpose = Official government cultural liaison agency for North Korea
| status =
⚫
| headquarters =
⚫
| purpose = Official government cultural liaison agency for North Korea
⚫
| location = Spain
⚫
| headquarters =
⚫
| region_served = World
⚫
| location = Spain
| membership = 17,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kfauk.com/|title=KFAUK - Korean Friendship Association UK|work=Korean Friendship Association UK|quote=UK KFA is part of the worldwide Korean Friendship Association which has over 17,000 members worldwide with new members joining all the time. We are the genuine pro-DPRK solidarity organisation that defends the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the land of Juche!access-date=July 20, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
| region_served = World
⚫
| language = English
| membership =
⚫
| leader_title = President
⚫
| language = English
⚫
| leader_name = [[Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez]]
⚫
| leader_title = President
⚫
| main_organ =
⚫
| leader_name = [[Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez]]
⚫
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations = [[Government of North Korea]]<br>[[World Anti-Imperialist Platform]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wap21.org/?p=1468|title=Statement about the solidarity with peoples of Serbia against imperialist occupation of Kosovo|work=World Anti-Imperialist Platform|accessdate=30 November 2023}}</ref><br/>{{small|(Belgian branch)}}
| affiliations =
| num_staff =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| budget =
| website =
| website =
| remarks = Hymn: [[Song of National Defense]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/NorthKoreaDPRK/status/326299450966421504|title=Official KFA Hymn Song of National Defence|publisher=KFA Official Twitter Account|date=April 22, 2013|access-date=December 12, 2013}}</ref>
| remarks = Hymn: [[Song of National Defense]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/NorthKoreaDPRK/status/326299450966421504|title=Official KFA Hymn Song of National Defence|publisher=KFA Official Twitter Account|date=April 22, 2013|access-date=December 12, 2013}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Korean Friendship Association''' ('''KFA''', {{lang-es|Asociación de Amistad con Corea}}) is a [[Spain]]-based friendship association with [[North Korea]]. The KFA was established in November 2000.<ref name="James2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/2012/01/useful-idiots-the-curious-case-of-britains-pro-north-korean-community/|title='Useful Idiots'? The curious case of Britain's pro-North Korean Community|first=Alexander|last=James|date=29 January 2012|access-date=27 May 2016|website=NK News}}</ref> It claims to have official representatives in 34 countries. The KFA was designated 'North Korean state-controlled media' by Facebook.
The '''Korean Friendship Association''' ('''KFA''', {{langx|es|Asociación de Amistad con Corea}}; {{langx|ko|조선과의 친선협회}}) is a [[Spain]]-based friendship association with [[North Korea]]. The KFA was established in <!--August (eswiki) or -->November 2000.<ref name="James2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/2012/01/useful-idiots-the-curious-case-of-britains-pro-north-korean-community/|title='Useful Idiots'? The curious case of Britain's pro-North Korean Community|first=Alexander|last=James|date=29 January 2012|access-date=27 May 2016|website=[[NK News]]}}</ref> It operates in 120 countries and has an Official Delegate in 34 countries.


Its president, Spanish citizen [[Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez]], is the only person paid a salary. Fees collected by the KFA are generally deposited in accounts in his name around Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country|url = http://www.nknews.org/2015/01/capitalist-credentials-n-korea-sympathizer-groups-huge-profit-on-access-to-country/|website = NK News - North Korea News|date = 15 January 2015|access-date = 2016-01-13}}</ref>
Its president, Spanish citizen [[Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez]], is the only person paid a salary. Fees collected by the KFA are generally deposited in accounts in his name around Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country|url = http://www.nknews.org/2015/01/capitalist-credentials-n-korea-sympathizer-groups-huge-profit-on-access-to-country/|website=[[NK News]]|date = 15 January 2015|access-date = 2016-01-13}}</ref>


==Activities==
==Activities==
Compared with other North Korea friendship associations, the KFA is more radical.<ref name="Diplomat2014">{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/02/the-westerners-who-love-north-korea/|title=The Westerners Who Love North Korea|first=Johan|last=Nylander|date=25 February 2014|access-date=27 May 2016|work=The Diplomat}}</ref>
Compared with other North Korea friendship associations, the KFA has been described as more radical.<ref name="Diplomat2014">{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/02/the-westerners-who-love-north-korea/|title=The Westerners Who Love North Korea|first=Johan|last=Nylander|date=25 February 2014|access-date=27 May 2016|work=The Diplomat}}</ref>


The KFA pages provide North Korean related material, including tourism tips and political essays, and it is possible to hear views from a North Korean perspective. The KFA Forum site is hosted and administered in Europe and gives links to Korean language teaching sites.
The KFA pages provide North Korean related material, including tourism tips and political essays, and it is possible to hear views from a North Korean perspective. The KFA Forum site is hosted and administered in Europe and gives links to Korean language teaching sites.
Line 46: Line 46:
The KFA denies violations of [[human rights in North Korea]] and disputes the existence of [[List of concentration and internment camps#Korea, Democratic People's Republic of|North Korean concentration camps]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alejandro Cao de Benós Interview Part 2|work=One Free Korea|author=Enzo Reale|date=February 7, 2010|url= http://freekorea.us/2010/02/07/alejandro-cao-de-benos-interview-%E2%80%93-part-2/|access-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref>
The KFA denies violations of [[human rights in North Korea]] and disputes the existence of [[List of concentration and internment camps#Korea, Democratic People's Republic of|North Korean concentration camps]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alejandro Cao de Benós Interview Part 2|work=One Free Korea|author=Enzo Reale|date=February 7, 2010|url= http://freekorea.us/2010/02/07/alejandro-cao-de-benos-interview-%E2%80%93-part-2/|access-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref>


The objectives of the KFA are to promote the well-being of all members and to promote friendship between members of the KFA worldwide.
The stated objectives of the KFA are to promote the well-being of all members and to promote friendship between members of the KFA worldwide.


===Objectives===
===Objectives===
The stated objectives of the KFA are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.korea-dpr.com/kfa.html|title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea|website=www.korea-dpr.com}}</ref>
The stated objectives of the KFA are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.korea-dpr.com/kfa.html|title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea|website=www.korea-dpr.com|access-date=2021-09-08|archive-date=2021-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717195159/https://korea-dpr.com/kfa.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Show the reality of North Korea to the world.
* Show the reality of North Korea to the world.
* Defend the independence and socialist construction in North Korea.
* Defend the [[Juche|independence]] and [[Ideology of the Workers' Party of Korea|socialist]] construction in North Korea.
* Learn from the [[Culture of Korea|culture]] and [[History of Korea|history]] of the Korean People - Work for the peaceful [[Korean reunification|unification]] of the [[Korean peninsula]].
* Learn from the [[Culture of Korea|culture]] and [[History of Korea|history]] of the Korean People
* Work for the peaceful [[Korean reunification|unification]] of the [[Korean peninsula]].


The KFA organizes travel delegations to North Korea.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1699876,00.html|title=Postcard. North Korea|first=Jeann|last=Gearey|date=3 January 2008|access-date=27 May 2016|magazine=Time|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Travel is according to experts a primary motivation of membership in KFA: partakers in trips are offered privileged service.<ref name="Harlan2012"/>
The KFA organizes travel delegations to North Korea.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1699876,00.html|title=Postcard. North Korea|first=Jeann|last=Gearey|date=3 January 2008|access-date=27 May 2016|magazine=Time|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Travel is according to experts a primary motivation of membership in KFA: partakers in trips are offered privileged service.<ref name="Harlan2012"/>
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*International communication secretary: Carlos Luna
*International communication secretary: Carlos Luna
*International Self-Elected Secretariat: Cory Ray Pope Giles-d'Leeuw
*International Self-Elected Secretariat: Cory Ray Pope Giles-d'Leeuw
*International commissar: Trever Aritz <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://korea-dpr.com/organization.html|title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea_Juche Korea|website=korea-dpr.com}}</ref>
*International commissar: Trever Aritz<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://korea-dpr.com/organization.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160130192437/http://www.korea-dpr.com/organization.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 30, 2016|title=Democratic People's Republic of Korea_Juche Korea|website=korea-dpr.com}}</ref>
*Some of the most active members are [[Dermot Hudson]], the Official Delegate in the United Kingdom who has been a part of KFA since its beginning, and Trevor Spencer, the Official Delegate in Canada who is an active political writer and commentator.
*Some of the most active members are [[Dermot Hudson]], the Official Delegate in the United Kingdom who has been a part of KFA since its beginning, and Trevor Spencer, the Official Delegate in Canada who is an active political writer and commentator.
*Only one person has four countries as Zone delegate, [[Ulrich Larsen]] from Denmark. Larsen is the Zone delegate in Scandinavia, meaning that he is in charge of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Larsen is known for making films about North Korea on YouTube for propaganda use. In October 2020 it was unveiled that Larsen has been working undercover in the KFA for ten years to uncover the secret criminal activities that North Korea and Alejandro Cao de Benós are using the KFA for.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/north-korea-documentary-tells-bizarre-080246525.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011142643/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/north-korea-documentary-tells-bizarre-080246525.html |archive-date=2020-10-11 |title=Documentary claims to expose North Korea trying to dodge sanctions}}</ref> Both Hudson and Larsen have been awarded medals by the North Korean government.
*Only one person has four countries as Zone delegate, [[Ulrich Larsen]] from Denmark. Larsen is the Zone delegate in Scandinavia, meaning that he is in charge of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Larsen is known for making films about North Korea on YouTube for propaganda use. In October 2020 it was unveiled that Larsen had been working undercover in the KFA for ten years to uncover the secret criminal activities that North Korea and Alejandro Cao de Benós are using the KFA for.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/north-korea-documentary-tells-bizarre-080246525.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011142643/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/north-korea-documentary-tells-bizarre-080246525.html |archive-date=2020-10-11 |title=Documentary claims to expose North Korea trying to dodge sanctions}}</ref>
*Both Hudson and Larsen had been awarded medals by the North Korean government.


==Criticism==
==Criticism==
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<blockquote>The group's activities include "information" seminars where the enlightened benevolence of Kim's rule is championed, all part of its "alternative" view of the North. The ragged wretched displays of poverty and starvation are edited out and the voice of North Koreans not in the direct employ of Kim Jong-il are conspicuously absent. In place of uncomfortable reality, the KFA offers vacation photos of "their" North Korea taken during recent, state-supported visits, complete with bowling, golf, amusement parks and Karaoke with young female party members. Members write glowing pieces, oblations celebrating Kim Jong-il's wise rule. No starving people, torture, [[summary execution]], penury or despair in the Korean Friendship Association's North Korea. Just golf, great meals and evenings in the company of Kim Jong-il's beauties.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>
<blockquote>The group's activities include "information" seminars where the enlightened benevolence of Kim's rule is championed, all part of its "alternative" view of the North. The ragged wretched displays of poverty and starvation are edited out and the voice of North Koreans not in the direct employ of Kim Jong-il are conspicuously absent. In place of uncomfortable reality, the KFA offers vacation photos of "their" North Korea taken during recent, state-supported visits, complete with bowling, golf, amusement parks and Karaoke with young female party members. Members write glowing pieces, oblations celebrating Kim Jong-il's wise rule. No starving people, torture, [[summary execution]], penury or despair in the Korean Friendship Association's North Korea. Just golf, great meals and evenings in the company of Kim Jong-il's beauties.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>


A 2015 investigation by [[NK News]] found the commercial practices and integrity of the KFA to be in question.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/2015/01/capitalist-credentials-n-korea-sympathizer-groups-huge-profit-on-access-to-country/|title=Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country &#124; NK News|date=January 15, 2015|website=NK News - North Korea News}}</ref>
A 2015 investigation by [[NK News]] found the commercial practices and integrity of the KFA to be in question.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/2015/01/capitalist-credentials-n-korea-sympathizer-groups-huge-profit-on-access-to-country/|title=Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country &#124; NK News|date=January 15, 2015|website=[[NK News]]}}</ref>


According to Hazel Smith of [[Cranfield University]], KFA associations have lost much of their original role as part of an international socialist movement. Today, they are reduced to serving domestic purposes of North Korea.<ref name="Harlan2012"/>
According to Hazel Smith of [[Cranfield University]], KFA associations have lost much of their original role as part of an international socialist movement. Today, they are reduced to serving domestic purposes of North Korea.<ref name="Harlan2012"/>


On 11 October 2020 it was revealed that the KFA delegate for the Scandinavian countries, Ulrich Larsen, had been working as a mole within KFA for ten years with the explicit purpose to expose the North Korean regime's [[shadow economy]], including production and sale of armaments and narcotics, and how Alejandro Cao de Benós uses the organization to facilitate these activities.<ref name="auto"/> This exposé is the subject of the 2020 documentary ''[[The Mole - Undercover in North Korea]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13243898/|title = The Mole: Undercover in North Korea (2020) - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/north-korea-documentary-films-undercover-arms-deals/ar-BB19Ug5t |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014003824/https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/north-korea-documentary-films-undercover-arms-deals/ar-BB19Ug5t |archive-date=2020-10-14 |title=North Korea documentary films undercover 'arms deals'}}</ref>
The documentary ''[[The Mole - Undercover in North Korea]]'', by Danish film maker [[Mads Brügger]], was released in 2020. It tells the story of Ulrich Larsen, an unemployed chef who infiltrated the KFA and came into contact with KFA president, Alejandro Cao de Benós, and North Korean government officials. The film shows North Korean officials discussing how to evade sanctions in order to export weapons.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/north-korea-documentary-films-undercover-arms-deals/ar-BB19Ug5t |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014003824/https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/north-korea-documentary-films-undercover-arms-deals/ar-BB19Ug5t |archive-date=2020-10-14 |title=North Korea documentary films undercover 'arms deals'}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Cultural diplomacy]]
* [[Cultural diplomacy]]
* [[Public diplomacy]]
* [[Public diplomacy]]
* [[Chongryon]]
* [[Swedish-Korean Association]]
* [[Swedish-Korean Association]]
* [[British Council]]
* [[British Council]]
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[[Category:North Korea–Spain relations]]
[[Category:North Korea–Spain relations]]
[[Category:Organizations specializing in North Korean issues]]
[[Category:Organizations specializing in North Korean issues]]
[[Category:Juche]]

Latest revision as of 04:08, 28 October 2024

Korean Friendship Association
AbbreviationKFA
FormationNovember 2000 (2000-11)
PurposeOfficial government cultural liaison agency for North Korea
Location
  • Spain
Region served
World
Membership17,000[1]
Official language
English
President
Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez
AffiliationsGovernment of North Korea
World Anti-Imperialist Platform[2]
(Belgian branch)
RemarksHymn: Song of National Defense[3]

The Korean Friendship Association (KFA, Spanish: Asociación de Amistad con Corea; Korean: 조선과의 친선협회) is a Spain-based friendship association with North Korea. The KFA was established in November 2000.[4] It operates in 120 countries and has an Official Delegate in 34 countries.

Its president, Spanish citizen Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez, is the only person paid a salary. Fees collected by the KFA are generally deposited in accounts in his name around Europe.[5]

Activities

[edit]

Compared with other North Korea friendship associations, the KFA has been described as more radical.[6]

The KFA pages provide North Korean related material, including tourism tips and political essays, and it is possible to hear views from a North Korean perspective. The KFA Forum site is hosted and administered in Europe and gives links to Korean language teaching sites.

The KFA denies violations of human rights in North Korea and disputes the existence of North Korean concentration camps.[7]

The stated objectives of the KFA are to promote the well-being of all members and to promote friendship between members of the KFA worldwide.

Objectives

[edit]

The stated objectives of the KFA are:[8]

The KFA organizes travel delegations to North Korea.[9] Travel is according to experts a primary motivation of membership in KFA: partakers in trips are offered privileged service.[10]

Structure

[edit]

The KFA is the largest friendship association with North Korea.[6] It operates in 120 countries. There is an Official Delegate in 34 countries. The KFA is licensed by the North Korean government and is well-funded and supported. The organization is coordinated well "to a certain degree", according to NK News.[4]

The national associations under the KFA do not receive official funding and operate "as far less than consulates, just slightly more than fan clubs".[10] They do not have many functions to support the government of North Korea: they do not support the regime monetarily and do not gather intelligence.[10]

Official Delegates are responsible for the activities in his/her country and secretaries appointed by the delegates. Above the Official Delegates, the "International Organization Committee" consisting of the President, the International Counselor and an International Organization Secretary who control and direct the activities of the KFA worldwide.

  • President: Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez
  • International organization secretary: Mana Sapmak
  • International communication secretary: Carlos Luna
  • International Self-Elected Secretariat: Cory Ray Pope Giles-d'Leeuw
  • International commissar: Trever Aritz[11]
  • Some of the most active members are Dermot Hudson, the Official Delegate in the United Kingdom who has been a part of KFA since its beginning, and Trevor Spencer, the Official Delegate in Canada who is an active political writer and commentator.
  • Only one person has four countries as Zone delegate, Ulrich Larsen from Denmark. Larsen is the Zone delegate in Scandinavia, meaning that he is in charge of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Larsen is known for making films about North Korea on YouTube for propaganda use. In October 2020 it was unveiled that Larsen had been working undercover in the KFA for ten years to uncover the secret criminal activities that North Korea and Alejandro Cao de Benós are using the KFA for.[12]
  • Both Hudson and Larsen had been awarded medals by the North Korean government.

Criticism

[edit]

NK News describes the KFA as "one of the DPRK's primary tools of soft power within its global propaganda network".[4]

In 2005 journalist David Scofield of Asia Times called members of KFA "useful idiots"[13] and described the organization as follows:

The group's activities include "information" seminars where the enlightened benevolence of Kim's rule is championed, all part of its "alternative" view of the North. The ragged wretched displays of poverty and starvation are edited out and the voice of North Koreans not in the direct employ of Kim Jong-il are conspicuously absent. In place of uncomfortable reality, the KFA offers vacation photos of "their" North Korea taken during recent, state-supported visits, complete with bowling, golf, amusement parks and Karaoke with young female party members. Members write glowing pieces, oblations celebrating Kim Jong-il's wise rule. No starving people, torture, summary execution, penury or despair in the Korean Friendship Association's North Korea. Just golf, great meals and evenings in the company of Kim Jong-il's beauties.[13]

A 2015 investigation by NK News found the commercial practices and integrity of the KFA to be in question.[14]

According to Hazel Smith of Cranfield University, KFA associations have lost much of their original role as part of an international socialist movement. Today, they are reduced to serving domestic purposes of North Korea.[10]

The documentary The Mole - Undercover in North Korea, by Danish film maker Mads Brügger, was released in 2020. It tells the story of Ulrich Larsen, an unemployed chef who infiltrated the KFA and came into contact with KFA president, Alejandro Cao de Benós, and North Korean government officials. The film shows North Korean officials discussing how to evade sanctions in order to export weapons.[12][15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "KFAUK - Korean Friendship Association UK". Korean Friendship Association UK. UK KFA is part of the worldwide Korean Friendship Association which has over 17,000 members worldwide with new members joining all the time. We are the genuine pro-DPRK solidarity organisation that defends the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the land of Juche!access-date=July 20, 2023
  2. ^ "Statement about the solidarity with peoples of Serbia against imperialist occupation of Kosovo". World Anti-Imperialist Platform. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Official KFA Hymn Song of National Defence". KFA Official Twitter Account. April 22, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c James, Alexander (29 January 2012). "'Useful Idiots'? The curious case of Britain's pro-North Korean Community". NK News. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  5. ^ "Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country". NK News. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
  6. ^ a b Nylander, Johan (25 February 2014). "The Westerners Who Love North Korea". The Diplomat. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  7. ^ Enzo Reale (February 7, 2010). "Alejandro Cao de Benós Interview Part 2". One Free Korea. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  8. ^ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea". www.korea-dpr.com. Archived from the original on 2021-07-17. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  9. ^ Gearey, Jeann (3 January 2008). "Postcard. North Korea". Time. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d Harlan, Chico (March 2, 2012). "N. Korea finds a purpose for small group of 'friends'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  11. ^ "Democratic People's Republic of Korea_Juche Korea". korea-dpr.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016.
  12. ^ a b "Documentary claims to expose North Korea trying to dodge sanctions". Archived from the original on 2020-10-11.
  13. ^ a b Scofield, David (Feb 3, 2005). "Asia Times Online :: Korea News and Korean Business and Economy, Pyon…". archive.vn. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  14. ^ "Capitalist credentials: N. Korea sympathizer group's huge profit on access to country | NK News". NK News. January 15, 2015.
  15. ^ "North Korea documentary films undercover 'arms deals'". Archived from the original on 2020-10-14.
[edit]
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