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{{Short description|Holiday in former Soviet Union}}
{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Border Guards Day
|holiday_name = Border Guards Day
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|relatedto =
|relatedto =
}}
}}
'''Border Guards Day''' ({{lang-ru|День пограничника}}; {{lang-kz|Шекараны қорғау күні}}; {{lang-tg|Рӯзи сарҳадбонони сарҳадӣ}}; {{lang-ky|Чек ара кызматы күнү}}; {{lang-be|дзень пагранічніка}}; {{lang-ro|Ziua de Grăniceri}}), also known as '''Frontier Guards Day''' is a former Soviet holiday that celebrates the [[border guard]] services of [[Russia]] and former [[Soviet republics]]. It is currently observed in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and [[Tajikistan]] on 28 May - the anniversary of the formation of the [[Soviet Border Troops]] in 1918.
'''Border Guards Day''' ({{langx|ru|День пограничника}}; {{langx|kk|Шекараны қорғау күні}}; {{langx|tg|Рӯзи сарҳадбонони сарҳадӣ}}; {{langx|ky|Чек ара кызматы күнү}}; {{langx|be|дзень пагранічніка}}; {{langx|ro|Ziua de Grăniceri}}), also known as '''Frontier Guards Day''' is a former Soviet holiday that celebrates the [[border guard]] services of [[Russia]] and former [[Soviet republics]]. It is currently observed in [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and [[Tajikistan]] on 28 May - the anniversary of the formation of the [[Soviet Border Troops]] in 1918.


==Background==
==Background==
The first Border Guards Day celebrations were marked on May 28, 1919, the first anniversary since the Border Troops were created as a directly reporting agency under the [[Cheka]] of [[Felix Dzerzhinsky]], which was the one of the pioneer border protection forces in the modern world (together with the Polish Straż Graniczna and the Italian [[Guardia di Finanza]], among others), in the midst of the [[Russian Civil War]], the first celebrations were low key owing to the duties of the border guards in the conflict.
The first Border Guards Day celebrations were marked on May 28, 1919, the first anniversary since the Border Troops were created as a directly reporting agency under the [[Cheka]] of [[Felix Dzerzhinsky]], which was one of the pioneer border protection forces in the modern world (together with the Polish Straż Graniczna and the Italian [[Guardia di Finanza]], among others), in the midst of the [[Russian Civil War]], the first celebrations were owing to the duties of the border guards in the conflict.


==Celebrations around the world==
==Celebrations around the world==
Line 43: Line 44:
===Russian Federation===
===Russian Federation===
[[File:RIAN archive 109543 День Пограничника.jpg|thumb|A border guard veteran and his wife embrace during the celebrations in 2004.]]
[[File:RIAN archive 109543 День Пограничника.jpg|thumb|A border guard veteran and his wife embrace during the celebrations in 2004.]]
The holiday was established as a professional holiday in 1958, by order of the [[Council of Ministers of the USSR]]. Following the fall of the [[Fall of the Soviet Union]], the status of the holiday was unclear due to the lack effort in the [[Russian government]] to make in an official holiday in the [[Russian Federation]]. President [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed a decree in 1994 officially making Border Guards Day a professional day off for the servicemen of the [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]], which was founded 2 years earlier.<ref>[https://www.kp.ru/putevoditel/kalendar-prazdnikov/den-pogranichnika/ День пограничника в 2018 году: история и традиции праздника]</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JH4sAQAAIAAJ&q=День+пограничника+России |title = Новейшая история России: шоки без терапии эпохи Ельцина|isbn = 9785829111434|year = 2009}}</ref> Today, it is a celebration of more than 4 centuries of border protection and control in Russia, dating back to Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky's [[Zasechnaya cherta]] in the 16th century, an early prototype to the border checkpoints in operation today nationwide.
The holiday was established as a professional holiday in 1958, by order of the [[Council of Ministers of the USSR]]. Following the [[fall of the Soviet Union]], the status of the holiday was unclear due to the lack effort in the [[Russian government]] to make it an official holiday in the [[Russian Federation]]. President [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed a decree in 1994 officially making Border Guards Day a professional day off for the servicemen of the [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]], which was founded 2 years earlier.<ref>[https://www.kp.ru/putevoditel/kalendar-prazdnikov/den-pogranichnika/ День пограничника в 2018 году: история и традиции праздника]</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JH4sAQAAIAAJ&q=День+пограничника+России |title = Новейшая история России: шоки без терапии эпохи Ельцина|isbn = 9785829111434|year = 2009| publisher=Академический проект }}</ref> Today, it is a celebration of more than 4 centuries of border protection and control in Russia, dating back to Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky's [[Zasechnaya cherta]] in the 16th century, an early prototype to the border checkpoints in operation today nationwide.


===Tajikistan===
===Tajikistan===
[[Tajikistan]] has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to [[Russia]]. 2014 celebrated the 20th anniversary since the establishment of the [[Tajik Border Troops]]. In honor of this anniversary, a military parade in central Dushanbe was held, with the commander of the Border Troops, Lieutenant General Rajabali Rahmonali and Commander of the Dushanbe Military Garrison, Major General Bakhtiyor Ruzmonshoev inspecting the more than 1,000 troops who participated in the parade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://president.tj/en/node/6803|title=Participation in the military parade on the occasion of 20th anniversary since the establishment of Border Troops {{!}} Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان|website=president.tj|access-date=2018-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.tj/en/news/tajikistan/security/20140506/military-parade-dedicated-border-guards-day-be-held-dushanbe-late-may|title=Military parade dedicated to Border Guards Day to be held in Dushanbe in late May {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|website=news.tj|accessdate=2017-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dialog.tj/news/news19671|title=Центр Душанбе в вечернее время будет закрыт для движения транспорта до 25 мая|last=Диалог|date=2014-05-16|work=Диалог|accessdate=2017-09-21|language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://novosti-tadzhikistana.ru/tag/pogranichnik/|title=Пограничник {{!}} {{!}} Tadzhikistan-Online Новости Таджикистана Сегодня {{!}}|website=novosti-tadzhikistana.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref>
[[Tajikistan]] has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to [[Russia]]. 2014 celebrated the 20th anniversary since the establishment of the [[Tajik Border Troops]]. In honor of this anniversary, a military parade in central Dushanbe was held, with the commander of the Border Troops, Lieutenant General Rajabali Rahmonali and Commander of the Dushanbe Military Garrison, Major General Bakhtiyor Ruzmonshoev inspecting the more than 1,000 troops who participated in the parade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://president.tj/en/node/6803|title=Participation in the military parade on the occasion of 20th anniversary since the establishment of Border Troops {{!}} Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان|website=president.tj|access-date=2018-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.tj/en/news/tajikistan/security/20140506/military-parade-dedicated-border-guards-day-be-held-dushanbe-late-may|title=Military parade dedicated to Border Guards Day to be held in Dushanbe in late May {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|website=news.tj|accessdate=2017-09-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dialog.tj/news/news19671|title=Центр Душанбе в вечернее время будет закрыт для движения транспорта до 25 мая|last=Диалог|date=2014-05-16|work=Диалог|accessdate=2017-09-21|language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://novosti-tadzhikistana.ru/tag/pogranichnik/|title=Пограничник {{!}} {{!}} Tadzhikistan-Online Новости Таджикистана Сегодня {{!}}|website=novosti-tadzhikistana.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref>



==Other Border Guard Days for post-Soviet nations==
===Armenia===
===Armenia===
[[Armenia]] has recognized 26 April as [[Armenian Border Guard|Border Guards]] Day since 2007 and celebrates the holiday similarly to [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/2028/|title = День пограничника Армении}}</ref>
[[Armenia]] has recognized 26 April as [[Armenian Border Guard|Border Guards]] Day since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sahmanapah.sns.am/en/about-border-guards | title= Border Guard Day in Armenia|language=hy|access-date=2023-08-23}}</ref>


===Azerbaijan===
===Azerbaijan===
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===Baltics===
===Baltics===
Although the [[Baltic states|Baltic republics]] of [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]] do not recognize May 28 as an holiday due to the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet occupation of the Baltic states]] in the past, a number of the [[Russians in the Baltic states|Baltic Russians]] along with the shared number of Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians celebrate such holiday. On top of that, the border agencies of the three countries celebrate their own professional holidays throughout the year.
The [[Baltic states|Baltic republics]] of [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]] do not recognize May 28 as a holiday due to the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet occupation of the Baltic states]]. The Baltic border agencies of the three countries celebrate their own professional holidays on different days.


====Latvia====
====Latvia====
The Day of the [[State Border Guard]] of [[Latvia]] has been celebrated on November 7 since 2015, marking the founding of the force in 1919.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/robezsargu-diena-zver-uzticibu-latvijai.a153919/|title=Robežsargu dienā zvēr uzticību Latvijai|website=www.lsm.lv|language=lv|access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>
The Day of the [[State Border Guard]] of [[Latvia]] has been celebrated on November 7 since 2015, marking the founding of the force in 1919.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/robezsargu-diena-zver-uzticibu-latvijai.a153919/|title=Robežsargu dienā zvēr uzticību Latvijai|website=www.lsm.lv|language=lv|access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

====Lithuania====
The Day of the [[State Border Guard]] of [[Lithuania]] is celebrated on June 29.


===Kazakhstan===
===Kazakhstan===
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===Moldova===
===Moldova===
June 10 celebrates the founding of the [[Moldovan Border Police]] in 1995.<ref>[http://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/2579/ День пограничника Молдовы]</ref>
June 10 celebrates the founding of the [[Moldovan Border Police]] in 1995.<ref>[https://www.border.gov.md/en/node/4 Moldovan Border Guard Day]</ref>


===Turkmenistan===
===Turkmenistan===
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===Ukraine===
===Ukraine===
In Ukraine, Border Guards Day ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: День прикордонника) has been celebrated on April 30 as an official holiday since 2018. After Ukraine gained its independence, the date of celebration was moved to November 4 by decree of [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]]. The new date however, did not take root, with border guards who served during the Soviet era recognizing May 28 as Border Guards Day.<ref>[http://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/3296/ День пограничника на Украине]</ref> The holiday was moved back to its original in 2003, but was changed in 2018 to April 30 by order of President [[Petro Poroshenko]] as a result of his [[Ukrainization|de-Russification]] policy following the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian annexation of Crimea]] in 2014.<ref name="47186govuaprofesijne"/> The date commemorates that during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] Ukrainian troops established the border of the [[Ukrainian state]] in the settlement of Kovpaky on April 30, 1918.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://espreso.tv/news/2018/04/27/poroshenko_pidpysav_ukaz_pro_vstanovlennya_dnya_prykordonnyka Poroshenko signed a decree establishing the Border Guard Day], [[Espreso TV]] (27 April 2018)</ref><ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2018/04/18/152320/ 100 years ago Bakhmut and the rest of Donbass liberated], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (18 April 2018)</ref><ref name="47186govuaprofesijne">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.president.gov.ua/news/vidteper-ukrayinski-prikordonniki-vidznachatimut-profesijne-47186 From now on, Ukrainian border guards will celebrate a professional holiday on April 30 - President], [[president.gov.ua]] (27 April 2018)</ref>
In Ukraine, Border Guards Day ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: День прикордонника) has been celebrated on April 30 as an official holiday since 2018. After Ukraine gained its independence, the date of celebration was moved to November 4 by decree of [[President of Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]]. The new date however, did not take root, with border guards who served during the Soviet era recognizing May 28 as Border Guards Day.<ref>[http://www.calend.ru/holidays/0/0/3296/ День пограничника на Украине]</ref> The holiday was moved back to its original in 2003, but was changed in 2018 to April 30 by order of President [[Petro Poroshenko]] as a result of his [[Ukrainization|de-Russification]] policy following the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian annexation of Crimea]] in 2014.<ref name="47186govuaprofesijne"/> The date commemorates the day during the [[Ukrainian War of Independence]] on which Ukrainian troops established the border of the [[Ukrainian State]] in the settlement of Kovpaky on April 30, 1918.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://espreso.tv/news/2018/04/27/poroshenko_pidpysav_ukaz_pro_vstanovlennya_dnya_prykordonnyka Poroshenko signed a decree establishing the Border Guard Day], [[Espreso TV]] (27 April 2018)</ref><ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2018/04/18/152320/ 100 years ago Bakhmut and the rest of Donbass liberated], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (18 April 2018)</ref><ref name="47186govuaprofesijne">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.president.gov.ua/news/vidteper-ukrayinski-prikordonniki-vidznachatimut-profesijne-47186 From now on, Ukrainian border guards will celebrate a professional holiday on April 30 - President], [[president.gov.ua]] (27 April 2018)</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 05:09, 28 October 2024

Border Guards Day
Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov (center) attending a gala concert in the State Kremlin Palace to mark Border Guards Day, 28 May 2004.
Official nameDay of the Border Troops
Observed by Russia
 Belarus
 Ukraine (Formerly)
 Kyrgyzstan
 Kazakhstan
 Moldova
 Tajikistan
SignificanceCelebrates the border guards of the armed forces of former Soviet countries
ObservancesWreath laying ceremonies, concerts, parades
Date28 May
Next time28 May 2025 (2025-05-28)
Frequencyannual

Border Guards Day (Russian: День пограничника; Kazakh: Шекараны қорғау күні; Tajik: Рӯзи сарҳадбонони сарҳадӣ; Kyrgyz: Чек ара кызматы күнү; Belarusian: дзень пагранічніка; Romanian: Ziua de Grăniceri), also known as Frontier Guards Day is a former Soviet holiday that celebrates the border guard services of Russia and former Soviet republics. It is currently observed in Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan on 28 May - the anniversary of the formation of the Soviet Border Troops in 1918.

Background

[edit]

The first Border Guards Day celebrations were marked on May 28, 1919, the first anniversary since the Border Troops were created as a directly reporting agency under the Cheka of Felix Dzerzhinsky, which was one of the pioneer border protection forces in the modern world (together with the Polish Straż Graniczna and the Italian Guardia di Finanza, among others), in the midst of the Russian Civil War, the first celebrations were owing to the duties of the border guards in the conflict.

Celebrations around the world

[edit]

Although Border Guards Day is mainly celebrated in Russia, a number of former republics in the former USSR, have preserved and continue to celebrate this holiday on May 28. A number of other countries still celebrate the holiday on different dates.

Abkhazia

[edit]

Abkhazia has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to Russia.

Belarus

[edit]

Belarus has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to Russia. The border troops of both Belarus and Russia commonly hold joint parades during the holiday.[1]

Kyrgyzstan

[edit]

Kyrgyzstan has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to Russia. The date of the holiday was shifted to October 29 in 2003 by order of President Akayev, but was changed back to its original date 2 years later due to appeals veterans of the Soviet Border Troops and the Kyrgyz Frontier Force.[2]

South Ossetia

[edit]

South Ossetia has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to Russia.

Russian Federation

[edit]
A border guard veteran and his wife embrace during the celebrations in 2004.

The holiday was established as a professional holiday in 1958, by order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the status of the holiday was unclear due to the lack effort in the Russian government to make it an official holiday in the Russian Federation. President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree in 1994 officially making Border Guards Day a professional day off for the servicemen of the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, which was founded 2 years earlier.[3][4] Today, it is a celebration of more than 4 centuries of border protection and control in Russia, dating back to Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky's Zasechnaya cherta in the 16th century, an early prototype to the border checkpoints in operation today nationwide.

Tajikistan

[edit]

Tajikistan has recognized 28 May as Border Guards Day since its independence in 1991 and celebrates the holiday similarly to Russia. 2014 celebrated the 20th anniversary since the establishment of the Tajik Border Troops. In honor of this anniversary, a military parade in central Dushanbe was held, with the commander of the Border Troops, Lieutenant General Rajabali Rahmonali and Commander of the Dushanbe Military Garrison, Major General Bakhtiyor Ruzmonshoev inspecting the more than 1,000 troops who participated in the parade.[5][6][7][8]


Armenia

[edit]

Armenia has recognized 26 April as Border Guards Day since 2007.[9]

Azerbaijan

[edit]

In Azerbaijan, the Day of the Border Guard is celebrated on August 18, in order to honor the parliamentary decree signed on August 18, 1919, which outlined the borders of Azerbaijan and its protection. In 2000, Heydar Aliyev announced that August 18 was set to be the new holiday of the State Border Service.

Baltics

[edit]

The Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania do not recognize May 28 as a holiday due to the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states. The Baltic border agencies of the three countries celebrate their own professional holidays on different days.

Latvia

[edit]

The Day of the State Border Guard of Latvia has been celebrated on November 7 since 2015, marking the founding of the force in 1919.[10]

Lithuania

[edit]

The Day of the State Border Guard of Lithuania is celebrated on June 29.

Kazakhstan

[edit]

In Kazakhstan, the Day of the Border Guard is celebrated on August 18. It became a professional holiday in 1992, and was included to the calendar of professional holidays in 2002.[11]

Moldova

[edit]

June 10 celebrates the founding of the Moldovan Border Police in 1995.[12]

Turkmenistan

[edit]

Border Guards Day is celebrated on August 11 in Turkmenistan, honoring the founding of the State Border Service of Turkmenistan.

Ukraine

[edit]

In Ukraine, Border Guards Day (Ukrainian: День прикордонника) has been celebrated on April 30 as an official holiday since 2018. After Ukraine gained its independence, the date of celebration was moved to November 4 by decree of President of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk. The new date however, did not take root, with border guards who served during the Soviet era recognizing May 28 as Border Guards Day.[13] The holiday was moved back to its original in 2003, but was changed in 2018 to April 30 by order of President Petro Poroshenko as a result of his de-Russification policy following the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.[14] The date commemorates the day during the Ukrainian War of Independence on which Ukrainian troops established the border of the Ukrainian State in the settlement of Kovpaky on April 30, 1918.[15][16][14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ День пограничника в Беларуси
  2. ^ "Border Guard Service History". 2017. Retrieved 2018-09-19.
  3. ^ День пограничника в 2018 году: история и традиции праздника
  4. ^ Новейшая история России: шоки без терапии эпохи Ельцина. Академический проект. 2009. ISBN 9785829111434.
  5. ^ "Participation in the military parade on the occasion of 20th anniversary since the establishment of Border Troops | Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان". president.tj. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
  6. ^ "Military parade dedicated to Border Guards Day to be held in Dushanbe in late May | Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus". news.tj. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  7. ^ Диалог (2014-05-16). "Центр Душанбе в вечернее время будет закрыт для движения транспорта до 25 мая". Диалог (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  8. ^ "Пограничник | | Tadzhikistan-Online Новости Таджикистана Сегодня |". novosti-tadzhikistana.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-09-22.
  9. ^ "Border Guard Day in Armenia" (in Armenian). Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  10. ^ "Robežsargu dienā zvēr uzticību Latvijai". www.lsm.lv (in Latvian). Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  11. ^ Border Guard Day in Kazakhstan
  12. ^ Moldovan Border Guard Day
  13. ^ День пограничника на Украине
  14. ^ a b (in Ukrainian) From now on, Ukrainian border guards will celebrate a professional holiday on April 30 - President, president.gov.ua (27 April 2018)
  15. ^ (in Ukrainian) Poroshenko signed a decree establishing the Border Guard Day, Espreso TV (27 April 2018)
  16. ^ (in Ukrainian) 100 years ago Bakhmut and the rest of Donbass liberated, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 April 2018)
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Border Guards' Day.
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