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Coordinates: 50°56′N 16°6′E / 50.933°N 16.100°E / 50.933; 16.100
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{{for|the village of the same name|Bolków, Łódź Voivodeship}}
{{For|the village of the same name|Bolków, Łódź Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bolków
| name = Bolków
| image_flag = POL Bolków flag_alt.svg
| image_flag = POL Bolków flag_alt.svg
| image_shield = POL gmina Bolków COA.svg
| image_shield = POL gmina Bolków COA.svg
| image_skyline = Bolkow 14.JPG|
| image_skyline = Bolkow(js)1.jpg
| image_caption = View over the town
| image_caption = View over the town with the medieval [[Bolków Castle|castle]]
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| coordinates_region = PL
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
Line 15: Line 14:
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Bolków|Bolków]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Bolków|Bolków]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|50|56|N|16|6|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 50 | latm = 56 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 16 | longm = 6 | longs = | longEW = E
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| established_title = City rights
| established_date = 1276
| area_total_km2 = 7.68
| area_total_km2 = 7.68
| population_as_of = 30 June 2021<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-06-01|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 0205024.</ref>
⚫
| population_total = 4864
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| elevation_m = 380
| elevation_m = 380
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| population_as_of = 2010
| utc_offset = +1
⚫
| population_total = 5301
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
⚫
| website = http://www.bolkow.pl }}
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 59-420
| area_code = +48 75
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Car plates]]
| blank_info = DJA
⚫
| website = http://www.bolkow.pl
}}
⚫
'''Bolków''' {{IPAc-pl|'|b|o|l|k|u|f}} ({{langx|de|Bolkenhain}}) is a town in [[Jawor County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], in south-western [[Poland]]. It is the seat of the administrative district ([[gmina]]) called [[Gmina Bolków]] and part of the ''[[Lausitzer Neisse|Neisse-Nysa-Nisa]]'' [[Euroregion]].


⚫
==Overview==
⚫
'''Bolków''' {{IPAc-pl|'|b|o|l|k|u|f}} ({{lang-de|Bolkenhain}}) is a town in [[Jawor County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], in south-western [[Poland]]. It is the seat of the administrative district ([[gmina]]) called [[Gmina Bolków]] and part of the ''[[Lausitzer Neisse|Neisse-Nysa-Nisa]]'' [[Euroregion]].
⚫
The town lies at the [[Nysa Szalona]] River, approximately {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} south-west of [[Jawor]], and {{convert|70|km|mi|0}} west of the regional capital [[Wrocław]]. it is located within the historic region of [[Lower Silesia]]. As of June 2021, it has a population of 4,864.<ref name = population />


==History==
⚫
==Overview and history==
[[File:Bolkow 06.JPG|thumb|left|180px|Bolków Castle]]
[[File:2018 Zamek w Bolkowie 06.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Medieval [[Bolków Castle]]]]
In the [[Middle Ages]] Bolków was a small settlement within the fragmented [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish Kingdom]], it was first mentioned as ''Hain'' and granted [[town rights]] in 1276. The oldest known mention of the [[Bolków Castle]] dates back to 1277 and the reign of Polish Duke [[Bolesław II Rogatka]].<ref name=zb>{{cite web|url=http://www.zamek-bolkow.info.pl/?page_id=220|title=Historia Zamku|website=Zamek Bolków|access-date=12 February 2020|language=Polish|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418055738/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather%3A400%2C700%2C900%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C900italic%7CInconsolata%3A400&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was significantly expanded by his son, Duke [[Bolko I the Strict]].<ref name=zb/> During the reign of Bolko's successors, [[Bernard of Świdnica]] and [[Bolko II the Small]], the castle became one of the most powerful strongholds in [[Silesia]] and a treasury was also located in it.<ref name=zb/> The town's current name was given by Duke [[Bernard of Świdnica]], under whose rule it developed rapidly, to commemorate his father Duke [[Bolko I the Strict]].<ref name=bo>{{cite web|url=http://www.bolkow.pl/www/pl/dla-turysty/historia|title=Historia|website=Gmina Bolków|access-date=12 February 2020|language=Polish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022233912/http://www.bolkow.pl/www/pl/dla-turysty/historia|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1345 it was successfully defended by Poles during a Czech siege.<ref name=zb/> It remained part of the [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Świdnica]] until its dissolution in 1392, when it was incorporated into the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Czech Crown Lands]]<ref name=bo/> of the multi-ethnic [[Holy Roman Empire]].
⚫
The town lies at the [[Nysa Szalona]] River, approximately {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} south-west of [[Jawor]], and {{convert|70|km|mi|0}} west of the regional capital [[Wrocław]]. As at 30 June 2010, it has a population of about 5,301.


In 1463 the castle was captured by the Czech King [[George of Poděbrady]] and afterwards it became the home of local bandits, before being captured by the burghers of [[Wrocław]] and [[Świdnica]] in 1468.<ref name=zb/> Afterwards the town passed to the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], in 1493 it was captured by [[Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn]] of the [[Piast dynasty]], and later it came back under Czech rule.
First mentioned as ''Hain'' in a 1276 deed, Bolków was named after Duke [[Bolko II of Świdnica]], who died in 1368. His duchy was incorporated into the [[Czech Lands|Lands of the Bohemian Crown]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Prior to 1945 it was in [[Germany]]. After [[World War II]] the region was placed under Polish administration and [[ethnic cleansing|ethnically cleansed]] according to the post-war [[Potsdam Agreement]]. The native German populace was [[expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] and replaced with [[Poles]]. Since 1945 the town belongs to Poland.


The town and castle, devastated in the [[Thirty Years' War]], became a property of [[Krzeszów Abbey]] in 1703.<ref name=bo/> During the [[Silesian Wars]], in the mid-18th century the town was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and, subsequently, in 1871 became part of Germany. After [[secularization]], from 1810 the castle was abandoned and slowly deteriorated.<ref name=bo/> Restoration efforts of the castle did not begin until 1905.
⚫
A training camp for Jewish volunteers to [[Hagana]] was established in 1947 in Bolków. The camp trained 7000 soldiers who then traveled to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and it existed until the end of 1948.<ref>[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/ru/article/bolkow/7,-/33378,hagana-s-training-camp-in-bolkow/ Hagana's training camp in Bolkow]</ref>


During [[World War II]] the Germans established a subcamp of the [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp]] for [[Jews]].<ref name=bo/>
Above the town stand the ruins of Bolków Castle, built in the 13th century. Devastated in the [[Thirty Years' War]] it became a property of [[Grüssau Abbey]] in 1703, though restoration efforts did not begin until 1905. Since 1994 the ruin is the site of the annual "Castle Party" [[Gothic rock]] [[rock festival|festival]].


⚫
A training camp for Jewish volunteers to [[Hagana]] was established in 1947 in Bolków. The camp trained 7000 soldiers who then traveled to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and it existed until the end of 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sztetl.org.pl/ru/article/bolkow/7,-/33378,hagana-s-training-camp-in-bolkow/ |title=Hagana's training camp in Bolkow |access-date=2015-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019010707/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/ru/article/bolkow/7,-/33378,hagana-s-training-camp-in-bolkow/ |archive-date=2015-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
==Notable residents==

Since 1997 the [[Bolków Castle]] is the site of the annual "Castle Party" [[Gothic rock]] [[rock festival|festival]].

==Sights==
The most notable landmark of the town is the medieval [[Bolków Castle]], dating back to the 13th century. Other sights include the town hall, Church of Saint Hedwig, the Market Square filled with colourful townhouses, and other historic buildings and structures.
<gallery widths=140>
2165viki Zamek Bolków. Foto Barbara Maliszewska.jpg|[[Bolków Castle]] courtyard
Bolków kościół św. Jadwigi 20.07.2010 p.jpg|Church of Saint Hedwig
Ul. Niepodległości, Bolków (1).JPG|Niepodległości Street with the town hall in the background
Bolków (0069).jpg|Baroque chapel
</gallery>

⚫
==Notable people==
[[File:Bolków - kamienice przy Rynku.jpg|thumb|280px|Market square in Bolków]]
* [[Herbert Puschmann]] (1920–1944), [[Luftwaffe]] pilot
* [[Herbert Puschmann]] (1920–1944), [[Luftwaffe]] pilot
* [[Heinrich Windelen]] (1921-2015), German politician
* [[Heinrich Windelen]] (1921–2015), German politician


⚫
==Twin towns – sister cities==
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
See [[Gmina Bolków#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Bolków]].

⚫
===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Bolków is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|NED}} [[Heerde]], [[Netherlands]], since 1991
* {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Dragsholm municipality|Dragsholm]], [[Denmark]], since 1995
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]], since 1997
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Doksy]], [[Czech Republic]], since 2006
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bad Muskau]], [[Germany]], since 2006
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nünchritz]], [[Germany]], since 2007


==References==
==References==
Line 57: Line 75:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Bolków}}
{{Commons category|Bolków}}
*{{official|http://www.bolkow.pl}}
*{{Official website|http://www.bolkow.pl}}
*[http://podrozniccy.com/en/poland/castle-bolkow View of the castle from the drone]
*[http://podrozniccy.com/en/poland/castle-bolkow View of the castle from the drone]


{{Gmina Bolków}}
{{Gmina Bolków}}
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{{Authority control}}


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{{coord|50|56|N|16|06|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}

⚫
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolkow}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Jawor County]]
[[Category:Jawor County]]
[[Category:Cities in Silesia]]
[[Category:Cities in Silesia]]
[[Category:Province of Silesia]]
[[Category:Province of Lower Silesia]]


{{Jawor-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:01, 28 October 2024

For the village of the same name, see Bolków, Łódź Voivodeship.
Bolków
View over the town with the medieval castle
View over the town with the medieval castle
Flag of Bolków
Flag
Coat of arms of Bolków
Coat of arms
Bolków is located in Poland
Bolków
Bolków
Coordinates: 50°56′N 16°6′E / 50.933°N 16.100°E / 50.933; 16.100
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLower Silesian
CountyJawor
GminaBolków
City rights1276
Area
 • Total
7.68 km2 (2.97 sq mi)
Elevation
380 m (1,250 ft)
Population
 (30 June 2021[1])
 • Total
4,864
 • Density630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
59-420
Area code+48 75
Car platesDJA
Websitehttp://www.bolkow.pl

Bolków [ˈbɔlkuf] (German: Bolkenhain) is a town in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Bolków and part of the Neisse-Nysa-Nisa Euroregion.

Overview

[edit]

The town lies at the Nysa Szalona River, approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Jawor, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. it is located within the historic region of Lower Silesia. As of June 2021, it has a population of 4,864.[1]

History

[edit]
Medieval Bolków Castle

In the Middle Ages Bolków was a small settlement within the fragmented Polish Kingdom, it was first mentioned as Hain and granted town rights in 1276. The oldest known mention of the Bolków Castle dates back to 1277 and the reign of Polish Duke Bolesław II Rogatka.[2] It was significantly expanded by his son, Duke Bolko I the Strict.[2] During the reign of Bolko's successors, Bernard of Świdnica and Bolko II the Small, the castle became one of the most powerful strongholds in Silesia and a treasury was also located in it.[2] The town's current name was given by Duke Bernard of Świdnica, under whose rule it developed rapidly, to commemorate his father Duke Bolko I the Strict.[3] In 1345 it was successfully defended by Poles during a Czech siege.[2] It remained part of the Piast-ruled Duchy of Świdnica until its dissolution in 1392, when it was incorporated into the Czech Crown Lands[3] of the multi-ethnic Holy Roman Empire.

In 1463 the castle was captured by the Czech King George of Poděbrady and afterwards it became the home of local bandits, before being captured by the burghers of Wrocław and Świdnica in 1468.[2] Afterwards the town passed to the Kingdom of Hungary, in 1493 it was captured by Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn of the Piast dynasty, and later it came back under Czech rule.

The town and castle, devastated in the Thirty Years' War, became a property of Krzeszów Abbey in 1703.[3] During the Silesian Wars, in the mid-18th century the town was annexed by Prussia and, subsequently, in 1871 became part of Germany. After secularization, from 1810 the castle was abandoned and slowly deteriorated.[3] Restoration efforts of the castle did not begin until 1905.

During World War II the Germans established a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp for Jews.[3]

A training camp for Jewish volunteers to Hagana was established in 1947 in Bolków. The camp trained 7000 soldiers who then traveled to Palestine and it existed until the end of 1948.[4]

Since 1997 the Bolków Castle is the site of the annual "Castle Party" Gothic rock festival.

Sights

[edit]

The most notable landmark of the town is the medieval Bolków Castle, dating back to the 13th century. Other sights include the town hall, Church of Saint Hedwig, the Market Square filled with colourful townhouses, and other historic buildings and structures.

  • Bolków Castle courtyard
    Bolków Castle courtyard
  • Church of Saint Hedwig
    Church of Saint Hedwig
  • Niepodległości Street with the town hall in the background
    Niepodległości Street with the town hall in the background
  • Baroque chapel
    Baroque chapel

Notable people

[edit]
Market square in Bolków

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

See twin towns of Gmina Bolków.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-06-01. Data for territorial unit 0205024.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Historia Zamku". Zamek Bolków (in Polish). Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Historia". Gmina Bolków (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  4. ^ "Hagana's training camp in Bolkow". Archived from the original on 2015-10-19. Retrieved 2015-04-25.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bolków.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bolków&oldid=1253887734"