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{{Short description|Common name of several species of amphibian}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Leopard frog
| name = Leopard frog
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| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
}}
}}
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[[File:Color Variations of the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens).JPG|thumb|Leopard frogs, such as these northern leopard frogs (''Lithobates pipiens''), can have varying coloration and patterning between individuals]]
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[[File:Lithobates yavapaiensis 2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lowland leopard frog]] (''Lithobates yavapaiensis'')|alt=|239x239px]]
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'''Leopard frog''' is a generic name used to refer to various species in the [[true frog]] genus [[Lithobates]]. They all have similar coloration: brown or green with spots that form a [[leopard pattern]]. They are distinguished by their distribution and behavioral, [[morphology (biology)|morphological]], and [[Genetics|genetic]] differences. The range of the various species of leopard frogs extends from the [[Hudson Bay]] in [[Canada]], throughout the [[United States]], throughout [[Mexico]] and other parts of [[Central America]], and possibly the very northern section of [[South America]].
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[[File:Color Variations of the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens).JPG|thumb|Leopard frogs, such as these northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), can have varying coloration and patterning between individuals.|259x259px]]
⚫
'''Leopard frog''' is a generic name used to refer to various species in the [[true frog]] genus [[Lithobates]]. They all have similar coloration: brown or green with spots that form a [[leopard|leopard pattern]]. They are distinguished by their distribution and behavioral, [[morphology (biology)|morphological]], and [[Genetics|genetic]] differences. The range of the various species of leopard frogs extends from the [[Hudson Bay]] in [[Canada]], throughout the [[United States]], throughout [[Mexico]] and other parts of [[Central America]], and possibly the very northern section of [[South America]].


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Leopard frogs are grouped in the genus [[Lithobates]], along with many other different frogs such as the [[American bullfrog]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/ |title= American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference |author=Frost, Darrel |year=2011 |work=Herpetology |publisher=The American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=2013-02-17|author-link= Darrel R. Frost }}</ref>
Leopard frogs are grouped in the genus ''[[Lithobates]]'', along with many other different frogs such as the [[American bullfrog]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/ |title= American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference |author=Frost, Darrel |year=2011 |work=Herpetology |publisher=The American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=2013-02-17|author-link= Darrel R. Frost }}</ref>


===Species===
===Species===
⚫
[[File:Lithobates yavapaiensis 2.jpg|thumb|[[Lowland leopard frog]] (''Lithobates yavapaiensis'')]]

* Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog ([[Atlantic Coast leopard frog|''Lithobates kauffeldi'']])
* Atlantic Coast leopard frog ([[Atlantic Coast leopard frog|''Lithobates kauffeldi'']])
* Bigfoot Leopard Frog (''[[Lithobates megapoda]]'')
* Bigfoot leopard frog (''[[Lithobates megapoda]]'')
* Browns' Leopard Frog (''[[Lithobates brownorum]]'')
* Browns' leopard frog (''[[Lithobates brownorum]]'')
* Chiricahua Leopard Frog ([[Chiricahua leopard frog|Lithobates chiricahuensis]])
* Chiricahua leopard frog (''[[Lithobates chiricahuensis]]'')
* Forrer's Grass Frog ([[Forrer's grass frog|Lithobates forreri]])
* Forrer's grass frog (''[[Lithobates forreri]]'')
* Guerreran Leopard Frog ([[Guerreran leopard frog|Lithobates omiltemanus]])
* Guerreran leopard frog (''[[Lithobates omiltemanus]]'')
* Island Leopard Frog ([[Island leopard frog|Lithobates miadis]])
* Island leopard frog (''[[Lithobates miadis]]'')
* Lemos-Espinal's Leopard Frog ([[Lemos-Espinal's leopard frog|Lithobates lemosespinali]])
* Lemos-Espinal's leopard frog (''[[Lithobates lemosespinali]]'')
* Lenca Leopard Frog ([[Lithobates lenca]])
* Lenca leopard frog (''[[Lithobates lenca]]'')
* Lowland Leopard Frog ([[Lowland leopard frog|Lithobates yavapaiensis]])
* Lowland leopard frog (''[[Lithobates yavapaiensis]]'')
* Montezuma Leopard Frog ([[Montezuma leopard frog|Lithobates montezumae]])
* Montezuma leopard frog (''[[Lithobates montezumae]]'')
* Northern Leopard Frog ([[Northern leopard frog|Lithobates pipiens]])
* Northern leopard frog (''[[Lithobates pipiens]]'')
* Northwest Mexico Leopard Frog ([[Northwest Mexico leopard frog|Lithobates magnaocularis]])
* Northwest Mexico leopard frog (''[[Lithobates magnaocularis]]'')
* Peralta Frog ([[Peralta frog|Lithobates taylori]])
* Peralta frog (''[[Lithobates taylori]]'')
* Pickerel frog ([[Pickerel frog|Lithobates palustris]])
* Pickerel frog (''[[Lithobates palustris]]'')
* Plains Leopard Frog ([[Plains leopard frog|Lithobates blairi]])
* Plains leopard frog (''[[Lithobates blairi]]'')
* Relict Leopard Frog ([[Relict leopard frog|Lithobates onca]])
* Relict leopard frog (''[[Lithobates onca]]'')
* Rio Grande Leopard Frog ([[Rio Grande leopard frog|Lithobates berlandieri]])
* Rio Grande leopard frog (''[[Lithobates berlandieri]]'')
* Showy Leopard Frog ([[Showy leopard frog|Lithobates spectabilis]])
* Showy leopard frog (''[[Lithobates spectabilis]]'')
* Southern Leopard Frog ([[Southern leopard frog|Lithobates sphenocephalus]])
* Southern leopard frog (''[[Lithobates sphenocephalus]]'')
* Tlaloc's Leopard Frog ([[Tlaloc's leopard frog|Lithobates tlaloci]])
* Tlaloc's leopard frog (''[[Lithobates tlaloci]]'')
* Transverse Volcanic Leopard Frog ([[Transverse volcanic leopard frog|''Lithobates neovolcanicus'']])
* Transverse volcanic leopard frog (''[[Lithobates neovolcanicus]]'')
* Vegas Valley Leopard Frog ([[Vegas Valley leopard frog|Lithobates fisheri]])
* Vegas Valley leopard frog (''[[Lithobates fisheri]]'')


== New species ==
== New species ==
Several leopard frog species look very similar to each other, and even within a population there is a lot of variation. Some populations may actually be [[Species complex|cryptic species complexes]].
Several leopard frog species look very similar to each other, and even within a population there is a lot of variation. Some populations may actually be [[Species complex|cryptic species complexes]].


In March 2012, it was announced that DNA testing had confirmed that a new species of leopard frog had been found whose habitat was centered near New York's [[Yankee Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/16/new-frog-discovered-in-nyc-freshwater-species-of-the-week |title=New Frog Discovered in NYC: Freshwater Species of the Week – News Watch |publisher=Newswatch.nationalgeographic.com |date=2012-03-16 |accessdate=2012-07-09}}</ref> and included northern [[New Jersey]], southeastern [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Staten Island]]; the new species was first distinguished by its short, repetitive [[Frog#Call|croak]], distinct from the "long snore" or "rapid chuckle" of other leopard frog species in that area ([[Northern leopard frog|L. pipiens]] and [[Southern leopard frog|L. sphenocephalus]]). This distinct species has been identified as far south as southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120314124016.htm | title= Hiding in Plain Sight, a New Frog Species With a 'Weird' Croak Is Identified in New York City | date= March 14, 2012 | publisher= [[ScienceDaily]] | accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref><ref>Newman CE, Feinberg JA, Rissler LJ, Burger J, Shaffer HR. 2012. A new species of leopard frog (Anura: Ranidae) from the urban northeastern US. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 63 (2): 445-455. ("''Rana sp. nov.''")</ref> On 30 October 2014, it was announced that the frog which was found in March 2012 has been described as a new species: the Atlantic Coast leopard frog ([[Atlantic Coast leopard frog|''Lithobates kauffeldi'']]) that once inhabited [[Manhattan, New York]].<ref>https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/new-leopard-frog-found-new-york-city-180953182/</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/29792309|title=Frogs' chorus leads to discovery of new species in US|work=BBC News|date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
In March 2012, it was announced that DNA testing had confirmed that a new species of leopard frog had been found whose habitat was centered near New York's [[Yankee Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/16/new-frog-discovered-in-nyc-freshwater-species-of-the-week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320031512/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/03/16/new-frog-discovered-in-nyc-freshwater-species-of-the-week/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 20, 2012 |title=New Frog Discovered in NYC: Freshwater Species of the Week – News Watch |publisher=Newswatch.nationalgeographic.com |date=2012-03-16 |accessdate=2012-07-09}}</ref> and included northern [[New Jersey]], southeastern [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Staten Island]]; the new species was first distinguished by its short, repetitive [[Frog#Call|croak]], distinct from the "long snore" or "rapid chuckle" of other leopard frog species in that area (''[[Lithobates pipiens|L. pipiens]]'' and ''[[Lithobates sphenocephalus|L. sphenocephalus]]''). This distinct species has been identified as far south as southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120314124016.htm | title= Hiding in Plain Sight, a New Frog Species With a 'Weird' Croak Is Identified in New York City | date= March 14, 2012 | publisher= [[ScienceDaily]] | accessdate=2012-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A new species of leopard frog (Anura: Ranidae) from the urban northeastern US|year=2012|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.021|pmc=4135705|last1=Newman|first1=Catherine E.|last2=Feinberg|first2=Jeremy A.|last3=Rissler|first3=Leslie J.|last4=Burger|first4=Joanna|last5=Shaffer|first5=H. Bradley|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=63|issue=2|pages=445–455|pmid=22321689|bibcode=2012MolPE..63..445N }}</ref> On 30 October 2014, it was announced that the frog found in March 2012 has been described as a new species: the Atlantic Coast leopard frog ([[Atlantic Coast leopard frog|''Lithobates kauffeldi'']]) that once inhabited [[Manhattan, New York]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/new-leopard-frog-found-new-york-city-180953182/|title=New Leopard Frog Found in New York City|author=Nuwer, Rachel |author-link=Rachel Nuwer |date=October 29, 2014|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/29792309|title=Frogs' chorus leads to discovery of new species in US|work=BBC News|date=29 October 2014}}</ref>


==Footnotes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==Further reading==
* {{Aut|Hillis, David M. & Wilcox, Thomas P.}} (2004) Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana) ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''34'''(2): 299–314. <small>{{Doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007}} {{PMID|15619443}}</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528131608/http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/215.pdf PDF fulltext]
* {{Aut|Hillis, David M. & Wilcox, Thomas P.}} (2004). Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana) ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''34'''(2): 299–314. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007}} {{PMID|15619443}}</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528131608/http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/215.pdf PDF fulltext]
* {{Aut|Hillis, David. M.}} (2007) Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''42''': 331–338. <small>{{Doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001}} {{PMID|16997582}}</small> [http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/679.pdf PDF fulltext]
* {{Aut|Hillis, David. M.}} (2007). Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''42''': 331–338. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001}} {{PMID|16997582}}</small> [http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/679.pdf PDF fulltext]


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Amphibians of North America]]
[[Category:Amphibians of North America]]
[[Category:Amphibian common names]]
[[Category:Amphibian common names]]
[[Category:Fauna of California]]

Latest revision as of 12:44, 28 October 2024

Leopard frog
Southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae
Genus: Lithobates
Species

See text

Leopard frogs, such as these northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), can have varying coloration and patterning between individuals

Leopard frog is a generic name used to refer to various species in the true frog genus Lithobates. They all have similar coloration: brown or green with spots that form a leopard pattern. They are distinguished by their distribution and behavioral, morphological, and genetic differences. The range of the various species of leopard frogs extends from the Hudson Bay in Canada, throughout the United States, throughout Mexico and other parts of Central America, and possibly the very northern section of South America.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Leopard frogs are grouped in the genus Lithobates, along with many other different frogs such as the American bullfrog.[1]

Species

[edit]
Lowland leopard frog (Lithobates yavapaiensis)

New species

[edit]

Several leopard frog species look very similar to each other, and even within a population there is a lot of variation. Some populations may actually be cryptic species complexes.

In March 2012, it was announced that DNA testing had confirmed that a new species of leopard frog had been found whose habitat was centered near New York's Yankee Stadium[2] and included northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, and Staten Island; the new species was first distinguished by its short, repetitive croak, distinct from the "long snore" or "rapid chuckle" of other leopard frog species in that area (L. pipiens and L. sphenocephalus). This distinct species has been identified as far south as southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina.[3][4] On 30 October 2014, it was announced that the frog found in March 2012 has been described as a new species: the Atlantic Coast leopard frog (Lithobates kauffeldi) that once inhabited Manhattan, New York.[5][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Frost, Darrel (2011). "American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference". Herpetology. The American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
  2. ^ "New Frog Discovered in NYC: Freshwater Species of the Week – News Watch". Newswatch.nationalgeographic.com. 2012-03-16. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  3. ^ "Hiding in Plain Sight, a New Frog Species With a 'Weird' Croak Is Identified in New York City". ScienceDaily. March 14, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  4. ^ Newman, Catherine E.; Feinberg, Jeremy A.; Rissler, Leslie J.; Burger, Joanna; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2012). "A new species of leopard frog (Anura: Ranidae) from the urban northeastern US". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 445–455. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..445N. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.021. PMC 4135705. PMID 22321689.
  5. ^ Nuwer, Rachel (October 29, 2014). "New Leopard Frog Found in New York City". Smithsonian Magazine.
  6. ^ "Frogs' chorus leads to discovery of new species in US". BBC News. 29 October 2014.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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