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Coordinates: 52°4′35.87″N 23°36′57.86″E / 52.0766306°N 23.6160722°E / 52.0766306; 23.6160722
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Terespol
| name = Terespol
| image_skyline = Terespol-city-office.jpg
| image_skyline = Terespol-city-office.jpg
| image_caption = Terespol local government building
| image_caption = Terespol local government building
| image_shield = Terespol herb.svg
| image_shield = Terespol herb.svg
| pushpin_map = Lublin Voivodeship#Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
Line 27: Line 27:
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|52|5|N|23|34|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| coordinates = {{coord|52|4|35.87|N|23|36|57.86|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 21–550
| postal_code = 21–550
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| blank_info = LBI
| blank_info = LBI
| website = {{URL|www.terespol.pl}}
| website = {{URL|www.terespol.pl}}
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11 |frame-height=300 | stroke-width=1 |shape-fill-opacity=0.2 |coord= {{coord|52|4|35.87|N|23|36|57.86|E|region:PL|display=no}}}}
}}
}}
'''Terespol''' ({{IPA-pl|tɛˈrɛspɔl|lang}}; {{lang-be|Тэрэ́спаль|Teréspaĺ}}) is a town in eastern [[Poland]] on the border with [[Belarus]]. It lies on the border river [[Bug River|Bug]], directly opposite the city of [[Brest, Belarus]] making it a [[Border town]]. It has 5,794 inhabitants (2014).
'''Terespol''' ({{IPA|pl|tɛˈrɛspɔl|lang}}; {{langx|be|Тэрэ́спаль|Teréspaĺ}}) is a [[border town]] in eastern [[Poland]] on the border with [[Belarus]]. It lies on the border river [[Bug River|Bug]], directly opposite the city of [[Brest, Belarus]]. It has 5,794 inhabitants as of 2014.


==Overview==
==Overview==
Since 1999 Terespol has been within [[Biała Podlaska County]] in [[Lublin Voivodeship]]. Between 1975 and 1998 it belonged to [[Biała Podlaska Voivodeship]]. The town is a busy border crossing between Poland and Belarus on the [[European route E30]] which links [[Berlin]]-[[Warsaw]]-[[Minsk]]-[[Moscow]]. Another crossing into [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] is located at [[Kukuryki]] northwest of Terespol. There is also a local train between [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] and Terespol. It comes 3 times a day. The trip takes 18 minutes and is a very comfortable way of crossing border between [[Belarus]] and [[Poland]].
Since 1999 Terespol has been within [[Biała Podlaska County]] in [[Lublin Voivodeship]]. Between 1975 and 1998 it belonged to [[Biała Podlaska Voivodeship]]. The town is a busy border crossing between Poland and Belarus on the [[European route E30]] which links [[Berlin]]-[[Warsaw]]-[[Minsk]]-[[Moscow]]. Another crossing into [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] is located at [[Kukuryki]] northwest of Terespol. There was also a local train between [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] and Terespol. It comes 3 times a day. The trip took 18 minutes and was a very comfortable way of crossing border between [[Belarus]] and [[Poland]]. Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the train was cancelled at the beginning of 2020 and has been suspended for an indefinite period.


Terespol features in a [[novel]] by the [[Yiddish literature|Yiddish]] [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize-winning]] writer [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]], ''[[The Family Moskat]]'' (1950), in which the young protagonist, Asa Heshel Bennet, comes to [[Warsaw]] from his hometown of Terespol Minor to study.
Terespol features in a [[novel]] by the [[Yiddish literature|Yiddish]] [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize-winning]] writer [[Isaac Bashevis Singer]], ''[[The Family Moskat]]'' (1950), in which the young protagonist, Asa Heshel Bennet, comes to [[Warsaw]] from his hometown of Terespol Minor to study.


==History==
==History==
{{Historical populations|align=left|1897|4107|1910|3487|1921|1919|1931|2308|1939|2570|1950|3416|1960|3832|2010|5901
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=55|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}
The town of Terespol is located in the spot of a village called Błotków or Błotkowo, which existed in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1512, this area became property of a nobleman called Iwan [[House of Sapieha|Sapieha]] of [[Kodeń]]. Later it belonged to the Hornostaj and Dorohostajski families. Administratively it was part of the [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]] until 1566, and the [[Brest Litovsk Voivodeship]] afterwards until the [[Partitions of Poland]]. In 1609, King [[Sigismund III of Poland]] built here a spacious palace with a vast garden. Due to proximity to the city of [[Brześć Litewski]] (Brest), the settlement prospered. During [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]] (1655–1660), Błotków together with the palace were ransacked and burned to the ground by Swedish soldiers.
The town of Terespol is located in the spot of a village called Błotków or Błotkowo, which existed in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1512, this area became property of a nobleman called Iwan [[House of Sapieha|Sapieha]] of [[Kodeń]]. Later it belonged to the Hornostaj and Dorohostajski families. Administratively it was part of the [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]] until 1566, and the [[Brest Litovsk Voivodeship]] afterwards until the [[Partitions of Poland]]. In 1609, King [[Sigismund III of Poland]] built here a spacious palace with a vast garden. Due to proximity to the city of [[Brześć Litewski]] (Brest), the settlement prospered. During [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]] (1655–1660), Błotków together with the palace were ransacked and burned to the ground by Swedish soldiers.


In the second half of the 17th century, Błotków with its ruined palace was purchased by [[Castellan]] of [[Vilnius]] [[Józef Bogusław Słuszka]], who founded here a town, named Terespol after his wife, Teresa née Gosiewska. In 1697, Holy Trinity church was built here, soon afterwards, Dominican friars settled in Terespol. In 1748, Terespol became property of Grand Treasurer of Lithuania [[Georg Detlev von Flemming]], who made great contribution to the development of the town, draining local swamps and building a number of dykes and canals. Furthermore, Flemming introduced a number of German settlers, and built a manor house in the location of the destroyed royal castle. In 1757, one weekly and two one-day annual fairs were established.<ref name=SG>''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Tom XII, Warsaw, 1882, p. 307 (in Polish)</ref> In 1764, Terespol was ransacked by private soldiers of Polish magnate [[Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł]], who waged a personal war with Flemming for his support of the [[Czartoryski family]]. Later on the town passed to the Czartoryski family.<ref name=SG/><ref name=PWN>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Terespol;3986603.html|title=Terespol|website=Encyklopedia PWN|accessdate=24 November 2019|language=Polish}}</ref>
In the second half of the 17th century, Błotków with its ruined palace was purchased by [[Castellan]] of [[Vilnius]] [[Józef Bogusław Słuszka]], who founded here a town, named Terespol after his wife, Teresa née Gosiewska. In 1697, Holy Trinity church was built here, soon afterwards, Dominican friars settled in Terespol. In 1748, Terespol became property of Grand Treasurer of Lithuania [[Georg Detlev von Flemming]], who made great contribution to the development of the town, draining local swamps and building a number of dykes and canals. Furthermore, Flemming introduced a number of German settlers, and built a manor house in the location of the destroyed royal castle. In 1757, one weekly and two one-day annual fairs were established.<ref name=SG>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII|year=1892|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=307}}</ref> In 1764, Terespol was ransacked by private soldiers of Polish magnate [[Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł]], who waged a personal war with Flemming for his support of the [[Czartoryski family]]. Later on the town passed to the Czartoryski family.<ref name=SG/><ref name=PWN>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Terespol;3986603.html|title=Terespol|website=Encyklopedia PWN|accessdate=24 November 2019|language=pl}}</ref>
[[File:Terespal, Trajecki. Тэрэспаль, Траецкі (5.02.1906).jpg|thumb|left|Opening of a new Catholic church in Terespol in 1906]]
[[File:Terespal, Trajecki. Тэрэспаль, Траецкі (5.02.1906).jpg|thumb|left|Opening of a new Catholic church in Terespol in 1906]]
After the [[Third Partition of Poland]] (1795) Terespol briefly belonged to the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]. Later it was part of the Polish [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and from 1815 to 1916, it belonged to Russian-controlled [[Congress Poland]]. The town burned in several fires, but continued to prosper, due to the construction of a highway from Warsaw to Brest (1819–1823). After the [[November Uprising]], Terespol belonged to the Russian Imperial government. In 1855, due to the construction of [[Brest Fortress]], Terespol was moved westwards, and all buildings in the old town were destroyed for military purposes. In 1867, [[Warsaw–Terespol Railway|a railroad to Warsaw]] was completed; in 1870, it was extended to Brest. As a result of [[Pale of Settlement|Russian discriminatory regulations]] the town saw a large influx of [[Jews]], who then became the town's largest ethnic group.
After the [[Third Partition of Poland]] (1795) Terespol briefly belonged to the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]. After the Polish victory in the [[Austro-Polish War]] of 1809, it was part of the Polish [[Duchy of Warsaw]], and from 1815 to 1916, it belonged to [[Russian Partition|Russian-controlled]] [[Congress Poland]]. The town burned in several fires, but continued to prosper, due to the construction of a highway from Warsaw to Brest (1819–1823). After the [[November Uprising]], Terespol belonged to the Russian Imperial government. In 1855, due to the construction of [[Brest Fortress]], Terespol was moved westwards, and all buildings in the old town were destroyed for military purposes. In 1867, [[Warsaw–Terespol Railway|a railroad to Warsaw]] was completed; in 1870, it was extended to Brest. As a result of [[Pale of Settlement|Russian discriminatory regulations]] the town saw a large influx of [[Jews]], who then became the town's largest ethnic group.


In 1915, all residents living within {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=off}} from the fortress were forcibly resettled into Russia, and during the evacuation, the town was ransacked and burned. Terespol was reintegrated with Poland, after the country regained independence in 1918. In the [[Second Polish Republic]] Terespol was part of the [[Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Lublin Voivodeship]].
In 1915, all residents living within {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=off}} from the fortress were forcibly resettled into Russia, and during the evacuation, the town was ransacked and burned. Terespol was reintegrated with Poland, after the country regained independence in 1918. In the [[Second Polish Republic]] Terespol was part of the [[Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Lublin Voivodeship]].
[[File:Poland terespol.jpg|thumb|Old communist-era passport exit stamp from Terespol into Brest]]
[[File:Poland terespol.jpg|thumb|upright|Old communist-era passport exit stamp from Terespol into Brest]]
During [[World War II]] Terespol was briefly [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] in September 1939, and then by [[Nazi Germany]] from 1939 to 1944. During the occupation, most Jews were murdered in the [[Holocaust]]. The Germans also established a transit camp for Polish [[prisoners of war]] in Terespol.<ref name=PWN/> Terespol became a border town after the [[Soviet Union]] annexed former [[Kresy|eastern territories of Poland]].
During [[World War II]] Terespol was briefly [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] in September 1939, and then by [[Nazi Germany]] from 1939 to 1944. During the occupation, most Jews were murdered in the [[Holocaust]]. The Germans also established a transit camp for Polish [[prisoners of war]] in Terespol.<ref name=PWN/> Terespol became a border town after the [[Soviet Union]] annexed former [[Kresy|eastern territories of Poland]].


==Climate==
==Climate==
Terespol has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfb'') using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0}} isotherm or a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb'') using the {{convert|0|C|F|0}} isotherm.<ref name="kottek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Terespol has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfb'') using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0}} isotherm or a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb'') using the {{convert|0|C|F|0}} isotherm.<ref name="kottek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Terespol (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present)
| location = Terespol (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present)
| metric first = y
| metric first = y
Line 264: Line 267:
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
Line 280: Line 283:
| language = pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 21 February 2022}}</ref>
| access-date = 21 February 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=352230399&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=352230399&par=tmax&max_empty=3
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| access-date = 21 February 2022}}</ref>
| access-date = 21 February 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}



==Sights==
==Sights==
{{see also|Chapel of the Resurrection, Terespol}}
Around Terespol one can find some of the old fortifications that were once part of the [[Brest Fortress]]. In Terespol there is a former powder magazine of the fortress. Other sights include the 19th-century monument to the construction of the highway connecting [[Warsaw]] with nearby Brest, and modern monuments: the Independence Monument and the [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]] monument.
Around Terespol one can find some of the old fortifications that were once part of the [[Brest Fortress]]. In Terespol there is a former powder magazine of the fortress. Other sights include the 19th-century monument to the construction of the highway connecting [[Warsaw]] with nearby Brest, and modern monuments: the Independence Monument and the [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]] monument.


Line 316: Line 319:
File:WK15 Terespol (5) Lichen99.jpg|Train station in Terespol
File:WK15 Terespol (5) Lichen99.jpg|Train station in Terespol
File:Terespol-pomnik-niepodleglosci-01.jpg|Independence Monument
File:Terespol-pomnik-niepodleglosci-01.jpg|Independence Monument
File:Cerkiew prawosławna p.w. św. Jana Teologa (k. XVIII) Terespol 01 JoannaPyka.JPG|[[Eastern Orthodox church architecture|Eastern Orthodox church]] of Holy Apostle Jan Teolog
File:Cerkiew prawosławna p.w. św. Jana Teologa (k. XVIII) Terespol 01 JoannaPyka.JPG|[[Eastern Orthodox church architecture|Eastern Orthodox church]] of [[St. John the Evangelist Church, Terespol|St. John the Evangelist]]
File:Kosciół w Terespolu.JPG|Catholic church of the Holy Trinity
File:Kosciół w Terespolu.JPG|Catholic church of the Holy Trinity
File:Terespol - Monument to the construction of the Brest Highway.jpg|Monument to the construction of the Brest Highway (from [[Warsaw]] to [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]])
File:Terespol - Monument to the construction of the Brest Highway.jpg|Monument to the construction of the Brest Highway (from [[Warsaw]] to [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]])
Line 331: Line 334:
{{Gmina Terespol}}
{{Gmina Terespol}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|52|04|N|23|36|E|display=title}}


[[Category:Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Biała Podlaska County]]
[[Category:Biała Podlaska County]]
[[Category:Belarus–Poland border crossings]]
[[Category:Belarus–Poland border crossings]]
[[Category:Brest Litovsk Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Siedlce Governorate]]
[[Category:Kholm Governorate]]
[[Category:Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]

Latest revision as of 12:58, 28 October 2024

Not to be confused with Tiraspol.
See also: Terespol, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Terespol
Terespol local government building
Terespol local government building
Coat of arms of Terespol
Coat of arms
Terespol is located in Poland
Terespol
Terespol
Coordinates: 52°4′35.87″N 23°36′57.86″E / 52.0766306°N 23.6160722°E / 52.0766306; 23.6160722
Country Poland
Voivodeship Lublin Voivodeship
CountyBiała Podlaska
GminaTerespol (urban gmina)
Government
 • MayorJacek Danieluk
Area
 • Total
10.11 km2 (3.90 sq mi)
Population
 (2014[1])
 • Total
5,794
 • Density570/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
21–550
Area code+48 83
Car platesLBI
Websitewww.terespol.pl
Map

Terespol (Polish: [tɛˈrɛspɔl]; Belarusian: Тэрэ́спаль, romanized: Teréspaĺ) is a border town in eastern Poland on the border with Belarus. It lies on the border river Bug, directly opposite the city of Brest, Belarus. It has 5,794 inhabitants as of 2014.

Overview

[edit]

Since 1999 Terespol has been within Biała Podlaska County in Lublin Voivodeship. Between 1975 and 1998 it belonged to Biała Podlaska Voivodeship. The town is a busy border crossing between Poland and Belarus on the European route E30 which links Berlin-Warsaw-Minsk-Moscow. Another crossing into Brest is located at Kukuryki northwest of Terespol. There was also a local train between Brest and Terespol. It comes 3 times a day. The trip took 18 minutes and was a very comfortable way of crossing border between Belarus and Poland. Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, the train was cancelled at the beginning of 2020 and has been suspended for an indefinite period.

Terespol features in a novel by the Yiddish Nobel Prize-winning writer Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Family Moskat (1950), in which the young protagonist, Asa Heshel Bennet, comes to Warsaw from his hometown of Terespol Minor to study.

History

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18974,107—    
19103,487−15.1%
19211,919−45.0%
19312,308+20.3%
19392,570+11.4%
19503,416+32.9%
19603,832+12.2%
20105,901+54.0%
Source: [2][3]

The town of Terespol is located in the spot of a village called Błotków or Błotkowo, which existed in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1512, this area became property of a nobleman called Iwan Sapieha of Kodeń. Later it belonged to the Hornostaj and Dorohostajski families. Administratively it was part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship until 1566, and the Brest Litovsk Voivodeship afterwards until the Partitions of Poland. In 1609, King Sigismund III of Poland built here a spacious palace with a vast garden. Due to proximity to the city of Brześć Litewski (Brest), the settlement prospered. During Swedish invasion of Poland (1655–1660), Błotków together with the palace were ransacked and burned to the ground by Swedish soldiers.

In the second half of the 17th century, Błotków with its ruined palace was purchased by Castellan of Vilnius Józef Bogusław Słuszka, who founded here a town, named Terespol after his wife, Teresa née Gosiewska. In 1697, Holy Trinity church was built here, soon afterwards, Dominican friars settled in Terespol. In 1748, Terespol became property of Grand Treasurer of Lithuania Georg Detlev von Flemming, who made great contribution to the development of the town, draining local swamps and building a number of dykes and canals. Furthermore, Flemming introduced a number of German settlers, and built a manor house in the location of the destroyed royal castle. In 1757, one weekly and two one-day annual fairs were established.[4] In 1764, Terespol was ransacked by private soldiers of Polish magnate Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł, who waged a personal war with Flemming for his support of the Czartoryski family. Later on the town passed to the Czartoryski family.[4][5]

Opening of a new Catholic church in Terespol in 1906

After the Third Partition of Poland (1795) Terespol briefly belonged to the Habsburg Empire. After the Polish victory in the Austro-Polish War of 1809, it was part of the Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and from 1815 to 1916, it belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. The town burned in several fires, but continued to prosper, due to the construction of a highway from Warsaw to Brest (1819–1823). After the November Uprising, Terespol belonged to the Russian Imperial government. In 1855, due to the construction of Brest Fortress, Terespol was moved westwards, and all buildings in the old town were destroyed for military purposes. In 1867, a railroad to Warsaw was completed; in 1870, it was extended to Brest. As a result of Russian discriminatory regulations the town saw a large influx of Jews, who then became the town's largest ethnic group.

In 1915, all residents living within 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the fortress were forcibly resettled into Russia, and during the evacuation, the town was ransacked and burned. Terespol was reintegrated with Poland, after the country regained independence in 1918. In the Second Polish Republic Terespol was part of the Lublin Voivodeship.

Old communist-era passport exit stamp from Terespol into Brest

During World War II Terespol was briefly occupied by the Soviets in September 1939, and then by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1944. During the occupation, most Jews were murdered in the Holocaust. The Germans also established a transit camp for Polish prisoners of war in Terespol.[5] Terespol became a border town after the Soviet Union annexed former eastern territories of Poland.

Climate

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Terespol has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm.[6][7]

Climate data for Terespol (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1955–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		30.3
(86.5) 		32.0
(89.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		36.2
(97.2) 		36.2
(97.2) 		34.5
(94.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		19.1
(66.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		36.2
(97.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2) 		1.7
(35.1) 		6.9
(44.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		19.9
(67.8) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.7
(76.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		12.6
(54.7) 		6.0
(42.8) 		1.5
(34.7) 		12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		2.5
(36.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		18.5
(65.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		8.1
(46.6) 		3.2
(37.8) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.4
(52.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.2
(39.6) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		4.0
(39.2)
Record low °C (°F) −34.3
(−29.7) 		−29.1
(−20.4) 		−24.5
(−12.1) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		3.6
(38.5) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−26.4
(−15.5) 		−34.3
(−29.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.9
(1.18) 		27.3
(1.07) 		30.0
(1.18) 		36.1
(1.42) 		60.5
(2.38) 		43.0
(1.69) 		34.0
(1.34) 		37.7
(1.48) 		52.8
(2.08) 		37.8
(1.49) 		33.2
(1.31) 		32.6
(1.28) 		455.0
(17.91)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 8.0
(3.1) 		9.1
(3.6) 		6.1
(2.4) 		1.3
(0.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.3
(0.1) 		3.7
(1.5) 		5.6
(2.2) 		9.1
(3.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 16.57 14.98 14.33 11.50 12.97 13.10 13.93 10.60 12.03 13.10 14.87 16.67 164.64
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 18.1 16.7 8.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.8 13.5 62.9
Average relative humidity (%) 86.9 84.0 77.0 69.1 70.7 72.4 73.8 74.2 79.8 83.2 88.0 88.8 79.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 43.2 64.1 128.0 192.8 260.7 270.4 271.9 264.6 170.0 110.2 48.4 35.9 1,860.2
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[16][17][18]

Sights

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See also: Chapel of the Resurrection, Terespol

Around Terespol one can find some of the old fortifications that were once part of the Brest Fortress. In Terespol there is a former powder magazine of the fortress. Other sights include the 19th-century monument to the construction of the highway connecting Warsaw with nearby Brest, and modern monuments: the Independence Monument and the Tadeusz Kościuszko monument.

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns – Sister cities

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Terespol is twinned with:

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2015 Archived 2016-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 52.
  3. ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
  4. ^ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 307.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ a b "Terespol". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  6. ^ Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.
  7. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.
  8. ^ "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  10. ^ "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  12. ^ "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  13. ^ "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Terespol Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  17. ^ "Terespol Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  18. ^ "Terespol Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  19. ^ Побратимские связи г. Бреста. Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]
  • Media related to Terespol at Wikimedia Commons
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