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Coordinates: 38°43′48.4″N 141°1′17.3″E / 38.730111°N 141.021472°E / 38.730111; 141.021472
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{{Redirect|Kurihara|the surname|Kurihara (surname)}}
{{Redirect|Kurihara}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Kurihara}}
| name = Kurihara
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|ja|栗原市}}}}}}
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|栗原市}}}}
| official_name =
| official_name =
| native_name_lang = ja
| native_name_lang = ja
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| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kurihara-Kogen Station, Tanabata, Kuriden Rail Park, Lotus flowers, Hanayama Dam, Kurikoma QNP
| image_caption = Kurihara-Kogen Station, Tanabata, Kuriden Rail Park, Lotus flowers, Hanayama Dam, Kurikoma QNP
| image_flag = Flag of Kurihara Miyagi.JPG
| image_flag = Flag of Kurihara, Miyagi.svg
| flag_alt =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal = Kurihara Miyagi chapter.JPG
| image_seal = Emblem of Kurihara, Miyagi.svg
| seal_alt =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| image_shield =
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<!-- population -->
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 69925
| population_total = 66565
| population_as_of = May 31, 2017
| population_as_of = April 30, 2020
| population_density_km2 = 86.8
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_as_of =
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| area_code =
| area_code =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree
| blank_info_sec1 = 0228-22-1122
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kousa Dogwood]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1-7-1 Tsukidate Yakushi, Kurihara-shi, Miyagi-ken 987-2293
| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Nikkōkisuge]] <small>''([[Daylily|Hemerocallis]] dumortieri ''var.'' esculenta)''</small>
| blank3_name_sec1 = - Bird
| blank3_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec1 = - Insect
| blank4_info_sec1 =
| blank5_name_sec1 = - Fish
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank6_name_sec1 =
| blank6_info_sec1 =
| blank7_name_sec1 =
| blank7_info_sec1 =
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = 0228-22-1122
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = 1-7-1 Tsukidate Yakushi, Kurihara-shi, Miyagi-ken 987-2293
<!-- website, footnotes -->
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{Official website| http://www.kuriharacity.jp}}
| website = {{Official|1=http://www.kuriharacity.jp/ }}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Kousa Dogwood]]
| flower = [[Nikkōkisuge]] <small>''([[Daylily|Hemerocallis]] dumortieri ''var.'' esculenta)''</small>
| bird =
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish =
| other_symbols =
}}
}}
}}
[[file:KuriharaShiyakusho2007-3.jpg|thumb|right|Kurihara City Hall]]
[[file:KuriharaShiyakusho2007-3.jpg|thumb|right|Kurihara City Hall]]
[[File:Inagi2005-9.jpg|thumb|Rice drying after harvest in Kurihara]]
[[File:Inagi2005-9.jpg|thumb|Rice drying after harvest in Kurihara]]
{{nihongo|'''Kurihara'''|栗原市|Kurihara-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Miyagi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2017|05|31}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 69,925 and a [[population density]] of 86.8 persons per km² in 24,894 households<ref>[http://www.kuriharacity.jp/ Kurihara city official home page]{{ja}}</ref>. The total area of the city was {convert|804.97|sq.km|sq.mi}}. Parts of the city are within the borders of the [[Kurikoma Quasi-National Park]].
{{nihongo|'''Kurihara'''|栗原市|Kurihara-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Miyagi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2020|04|30}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 66,565, and a [[population density]] of 83 persons per km<sup>2</sup> in 24,994 households.<ref>[https://www.kuriharacity.jp/w011/030/010/020/010/011/51893.html Kurihara city official statistics]{{in lang|ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|804.97|sqkm|sqmi}}. Parts of the city are within the borders of the [[Kurikoma Quasi-National Park]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
Kurihara covers a part of the northwestern corner of [[Miyagi Prefecture]]. It is mostly rice farmland, and small mountain ridges, the largest of which cluster around Mount Kurikoma, the tallest mountain in Kurihara, which is located at the furthest northwestern point of Miyagi Prefecture. In summer, the lotus on Lake Izunuma bloom. In fall Mount Kurikoma is covered in fall colors and in winter migrating swans and geese come in flocks to spend the season on Kurihara's lakes.
Kurihara covers a part of the northwestern corner of [[Miyagi Prefecture]]. It is mostly rice farmland, and small mountain ridges, the largest of which cluster around [[Mount Kurikoma]], the tallest mountain in Kurihara, which is located at the furthest northwestern point of Miyagi Prefecture. In summer, the lotus on Lake Izunuma bloom. In fall, Mount Kurikoma is covered in fall colors and in winter migrating swans and geese come in flocks to spend the season on Kurihara's lakes.

===Neighboring municipalities===
Akita Prefecture
*[[Higashinaruse, Akita|Higashinaruse]]
*[[Yuzawa, Akita|Yuzawa]]
Iwate Prefecture
*[[Ichinoseki, Iwate|Ichinoseki]]
Miyagi Prefecture
*[[Ōsaki, Miyagi|Ōsaki]]
*[[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]]


===Climate===
===Climate===
The climate of Kurihara is classified as [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] (Cfa) per the [[Köppen climate classification]] system. As with most of Japan, the summers in Kurihara are hot and humid with temperatures usually around {{convert|24.5|C|F|abbr=on}}. Summer is also [[typhoon]] season, however, since Kurihara is so far north and inland the area is rarely affected. Fall and spring are mild, with temperatures in the low to mid 20s (Celsius). In fall the days usually begin foggy and cold but clear up by midday. Spring comes late to the region and is mostly sunny punctuated with random light showers. The temperature fluctuates around freezing in winter, falling to an average low of {{convert|-1.3|C|F|abbr=on}}, and snow levels vary with altitude..<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/location/5470/ Kurihara climate data]</ref>
The climate of Kurihara is classified as [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (Cfa) per the [[Köppen climate classification]] system. As with most of Japan, the summers in Kurihara are hot and humid with temperatures usually around {{convert|24.5|C|F|abbr=on}}. Summer is also [[typhoon]] season, however, since Kurihara is so far north and inland the area is rarely affected. Fall and spring are mild, with temperatures in the low to mid 20s (Celsius). In fall, the days usually begin foggy and cold but clear up by midday. Spring comes late to the region and is mostly sunny punctuated with random light showers. The temperature fluctuates around freezing in winter, falling to an average low of {{convert|-1.3|C|F|abbr=on}}, and snow levels vary with altitude.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/location/5470/ Kurihara climate data]</ref>


{{Weather box|width=70%
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = yes
|location = Kurihara, Miyagi (former Kurikoma town) (1981-2010)
|metric first = yes
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|single line = yes
|location = Kurikoma{{efn|former Kurikoma town, the weather station name in Japanese is {{langx|ja|駒ノ湯}}}}, Kurihara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1976−present)
|Jan high C = 0.0
|Feb high C = 0.5
|Jan record high C = 11.3
|Mar high C = 4.0
|Feb record high C = 14.3
|Apr high C = 11.3
|Mar record high C = 17.4
|May high C = 16.8
|Apr record high C = 28.2
|Jun high C = 19.8
|May record high C = 30.6
|Jul high C = 23.0
|Jun record high C = 30.8
|Aug high C = 25.0
|Jul record high C = 32.1
|Sep high C = 20.7
|Aug record high C = 33.3
|Oct high C = 15.3
|Sep record high C = 31.3
|Nov high C = 9.0
|Oct record high C = 26.7
|Dec high C = 3.1
|Nov record high C = 19.7
|year high C = 12.4
|Dec record high C = 15.7
|Jan record low C = -15.5

|Jan mean C = -3.0
|Feb record low C = -14.1
|Feb mean C = -2.7
|Mar record low C = -12.7
|Mar mean C = 0.2
|Apr record low C = -7.9
|Apr mean C = 6.4
|May record low C = -1.2
|May mean C = 11.7
|Jun record low C = 1.7
|Jun mean C = 15.5
|Jul record low C = 6.3
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug record low C = 8.7
|Aug mean C = 20.8
|Sep record low C = 1.0
|Sep mean C = 16.7
|Oct record low C = -1.7
|Oct mean C = 10.8
|Nov record low C = -7.2
|Nov mean C = 5.0
|Dec record low C = -13.6
|Dec mean C = 0.0
|Jan high C = 0.1
|year mean C = 8.4
|Feb high C = 0.8
|Mar high C = 4.5
|Jan low C = -6.5
|Apr high C = 11.4
|Feb low C = -6.3
|May high C = 17.3
|Mar low C = -3.7
|Jun high C = 20.4
|Apr low C = 1.5
|Jul high C = 23.7
|May low C = 6.5
|Aug high C = 24.9
|Jun low C = 11.4
|Sep high C = 21.1
|Jul low C = 15.7
|Oct high C = 15.6
|Nov high C = 9.4
|Dec high C = 3.0
|Jan mean C = -2.9
|Feb mean C = -2.4
|Mar mean C = 0.6
|Apr mean C = 6.3
|May mean C = 12.0
|Jun mean C = 15.9
|Jul mean C = 19.7
|Aug mean C = 20.7
|Sep mean C = 17.0
|Oct mean C = 11.2
|Nov mean C = 5.2
|Dec mean C = -0.2
|Jan low C = -6.3
|Feb low C = -6.2
|Mar low C = -3.4
|Apr low C = 1.3
|May low C = 6.8
|Jun low C = 11.6
|Jul low C = 16.2
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Sep low C = 13.0
|Sep low C = 13.3
|Oct low C = 6.5
|Oct low C = 6.8
|Nov low C = 0.8
|Nov low C = 0.8
|Dec low C = -3.4
|Dec low C = -3.6
|precipitation colour = green
|year low C = 4.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 126.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 96.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 125.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 135.7
|May precipitation mm = 164.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 228.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 263.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 253.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 261.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 187.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 137.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 152.9
|year precipitation mm = 2124.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 19.8
|Feb precipitation days = 16.9
|Mar precipitation days = 15.9
|Apr precipitation days = 13.4
|May precipitation days = 12.5
|Jun precipitation days = 13.8
|Jul precipitation days = 16.7
|Aug precipitation days = 16.4
|Sep precipitation days = 15.5
|Oct precipitation days = 13.4
|Nov precipitation days = 15.4
|Dec precipitation days = 19.0
|Jan snow cm = 268
|Feb snow cm = 207
|Mar snow cm = 169
|Apr snow cm = 37
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 36
|Dec snow cm = 208
|year snow cm = 924
|unit snow days = 3 cm
|Jan snow days = 22.3
|Feb snow days = 19.3
|Mar snow days = 17.2
|Apr snow days = 5.0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 3.6
|Dec snow days = 16.5
|Jan sun = 82.0
|Feb sun = 88.7
|Mar sun = 128.9
|Apr sun = 168.1
|May sun = 178.3
|Jun sun = 127.4
|Jul sun = 100.6
|Aug sun = 111.3
|Sep sun = 100.2
|Oct sun = 122.9
|Nov sun = 113.5
|Dec sun = 80.3
|year sun = 1401.0
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=1126&year=&month=&day=&view=
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=34&block_no=1126&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| title = 駒の湯（栗原） 1981-2010年 | accessdate = 2011-10-18 | publisher = JMA
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
}}</ref>
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|date=October 2011
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=1126&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
}}<!--Infobox ends-->
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref>}}<!--Infobox ends-->


{{Weather box|width=70%
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = Y
|location = Kurihara, Miyagi (former Tsukidate Town) (1981-2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = Y
|single line = yes
|metric first = Y
|location = [[:ja:築館町|Tsukidate]], Kurihara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1976−present)
|Jan high C = 3.9
|Feb high C = 4.8
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Mar high C = 8.7
|Feb record high C = 18.4
|Apr high C = 15.4
|Mar record high C = 22.9
|May high C = 20.3
|Apr record high C = 29.5
|Jun high C = 23.4
|May record high C = 33.5
|Jul high C = 26.5
|Jun record high C = 33.7
|Aug high C = 28.5
|Jul record high C = 36.4
|Sep high C = 24.3
|Aug record high C = 37.3
|Oct high C = 18.9
|Sep record high C = 34.7
|Nov high C = 12.6
|Oct record high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 6.9
|Nov record high C = 23.5
|year high C = 16.2
|Dec record high C = 19.8
|Jan record low C = -17.0

|Jan mean C = -0.6
|Feb record low C = -18.3
|Feb mean C = 0.1
|Mar record low C = -12.5
|Mar mean C = 3.3
|Apr record low C = -6.6
|Apr mean C = 9.1
|May record low C = 0.7
|May mean C = 14.4
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jun mean C = 18.3
|Jul record low C = 6.2
|Jul mean C = 21.8
|Aug record low C = 11.2
|Aug mean C = 23.5
|Sep record low C = 3.8
|Sep mean C = 19.3
|Oct record low C = -2.7
|Oct mean C = 13.1
|Nov record low C = -6.0
|Nov mean C = 6.9
|Dec record low C = -14.9
|Dec mean C = 2.2
|Jan high C = 4.1
|year mean C = 11.1
|Feb high C = 5.2
|Mar high C = 9.3
|Jan low C = -5.0
|Apr high C = 15.6
|Feb low C = -4.6
|May high C = 20.9
|Jun high C = 24.0
|Jul high C = 27.1
|Aug high C = 28.6
|Sep high C = 24.9
|Oct high C = 19.3
|Nov high C = 13.0
|Dec high C = 6.7
|Jan mean C = -0.3
|Feb mean C = 0.4
|Mar mean C = 3.7
|Apr mean C = 9.2
|May mean C = 14.9
|Jun mean C = 18.9
|Jul mean C = 22.4
|Aug mean C = 23.6
|Sep mean C = 19.8
|Oct mean C = 13.6
|Nov mean C = 7.2
|Dec mean C = 2.0
|Jan low C = -4.7
|Feb low C = -4.4
|Mar low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = -1.8
|Apr low C = 3.0
|Apr low C = 2.9
|May low C = 9.2
|May low C = 9.4
|Jun low C = 14.2
|Jun low C = 14.6
|Jul low C = 18.3
|Jul low C = 18.8
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Sep low C = 15.1
|Sep low C = 15.5
|Oct low C = 7.9
|Oct low C = 8.3
|Nov low C = 1.8
|Nov low C = 1.9
|Dec low C = -2.2
|Dec low C = -2.4
|precipitation colour = green
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan precipitation mm = 42.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 35.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 73.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 87.3
|May precipitation mm = 111.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 134.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 185.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 151.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 166.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 131.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 62.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 49.8
|year precipitation mm = 1230.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.0
|Feb precipitation days = 7.2
|Mar precipitation days = 9.2
|Apr precipitation days = 9.3
|May precipitation days = 9.8
|Jun precipitation days = 10.5
|Jul precipitation days = 13.9
|Aug precipitation days = 11.7
|Sep precipitation days = 11.7
|Oct precipitation days = 9.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.6
|Dec precipitation days = 9.0
|Jan sun = 138.7
|Feb sun = 144.2
|Mar sun = 171.6
|Apr sun = 186.3
|May sun = 184.9
|Jun sun = 141.2
|Jul sun = 115.9
|Aug sun = 129.9
|Sep sun = 122.4
|Oct sun = 139.4
|Nov sun = 138.5
|Dec sun = 122.1
|year sun = 1734.9
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=0244&year=&month=&day=&view=
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=34&block_no=0244&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| title = 築館（栗原） 19801-2010年 | accessdate = 2011-10-18 | publisher = JMC
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
}}</ref>
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|date=October 2011
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=0244&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
}}<!--Infobox ends-->
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）

| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
===Neighboring municipalities===
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref>}}<!--Infobox ends-->
*Miyagi Prefecture
**[[Tome, Miyagi]]
**[[Ōsaki, Miyagi]]
*Akita Prefecture
**[[Yuzawa, Akita]]
**[[Higashinaruse, Akita]]
*Iwate Prefecture
**[[Ichinoseki, Iwate]]


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-miyagi.php Kurihara population statistics]</ref> the population of Kurihara has declined over the past 40 years.
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-miyagi.php Kurihara population statistics]</ref> the population of Kurihara peaked at around the year 1950 and has declined over the past 70 years.

{| class="wikitable"
{{Historical populations
|-
| 1920 | 82,759
! Census Year
| 1930 | 90,109
! Population
| 1940 | 101,186
|-
| 1950 | 131,599
| 1970
| 1960 | 129,144
| 104,8888
| 1970 | 104,888
|-
| 1980
| 1980 | 95,801
| 1990 | 91,852
| 95,801
| 2000 | 84,947
|-
| 2010 | 74,932
| 1990
| 2020 | 64,637
| 91,852
|align = none
|-
| footnote =
| 2000
}}
| 84,947
|-
| 2010
| 74,932
|}


==History==
==History==
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With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized into Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture.
With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized into Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture.


During the [[Meiji period]], many mines were dug in the mountains of Kurihara, and the [[Hosokura mine]] was at one point Japan’s largest producer of lead and zinc. The mine closed in 1987.
During the [[Meiji period]], many mines were dug in the mountains of Kurihara, and the [[Hosokura mine]] was at one point Japan's largest producer of lead and zinc. The mine closed in 1987.


The modern city of Kurihara was established on April 1, 2005, from the merger of the towns of [[Ichihasama, Miyagi|Ichihasama]], [[Kannari, Miyagi|Kannari]], [[Kurikoma, Miyagi|Kurikoma]], [[Semine, Miyagi|Semine]], [[Shiwahime, Miyagi|Shiwahime]], [[Takashimizu, Miyagi|Takashimizu]], [[Tsukidate, Miyagi|Tsukidate]], [[Uguisuzawa, Miyagi|Uguisuzawa]] and [[Wakayanagi, Miyagi|Wakayanagi]], and the village of [[Hanayama, Miyagi|Hanayama]] (all from Kurihara District, which was dissolved as a result of the merge). The new city hall is located in former Tsukidate. Although technically referred to as a "city", Kurihara in fact functions more like a county composed of ten separate towns. The UK equivalent would be an English unitary county council, such as Herefordshire.
The city of Kurihara was established on April 1, 2005, from the merger of the towns of Ichihasama, Kannari, Kurikoma, Semine, Shiwahime, Takashimizu, Tsukidate, Uguisuzawa and Wakayanagi, and the village of Hanayama (all from Kurihara District, which was dissolved as a result of the merger). The new city hall is located in former Tsukidate. Although technically referred to as a "city", Kurihara in fact functions more like a county composed of ten separate towns. This arrangement is similar to [[Unitary authorities of England|English unitary authorities]] in the United Kingdom, such as [[Herefordshire]].

During [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]], Kurihara–specifically the former town of Tsukidate–experienced the strongest shaking, with a [[Shindo scale|Shindo]] 7 intensity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |date=2023-03-06 |title=3.11東日本大震災とは 最大震度7と大津波 巨大地震のメカニズムと被害 - NHK |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/special/saigai/natural-disaster/natural-disaster_23.html |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www3.nhk.or.jp}}</ref>


==Government==
==Government==
Kurihara has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city legislature of 26 members.
Kurihara has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city legislature of 26 members. Kurihara contributes two seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Miyagi 6th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].


==Economy==
==Economy==
The economy of Kurihara is largely based on agriculture.
The economy of Kurihara is largely based on agriculture. Mining, which once formed a significant percentage of the economy has largely disappeared with the closure of the last mines in the 1980s.


==Education==
==Education==
Kurihara has 13 public elementary schools and nine public junior high schools operated by the city government and five public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. Miyagi Prefectural also operates one special education school.
Kurihara has 13 public elementary schools and eight public junior high schools operated by the city government and five public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
===Railway===
===Railway===
*[[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) – [[Tōhoku Shinkansen]]
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|22px]] [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) - [[Tōhoku Shinkansen]]
** {{STN|Kurikoma-Kōgen}}
* {{STN|Kurikoma-Kōgen}}
*[[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) – [[Tōhoku Main Line]]
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|22px]] [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) - [[Tōhoku Main Line]]
** {{STN|Semine}}, {{STN|Arikabe}}
* {{STN|Semine}}, {{STN|Arikabe}}


===Highway===
===Highway===
*{{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E4}}
* [[Tōhoku Expressway]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|4}}
* [[Japan National Route 4|National Route 4]]
* [[Japan National Route 398|National Route 398]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|398}}
* [[Japan National Route 457|National Route 457]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|457}}


==Local attractions==
==Local attractions==
*[[Former Arikabe-juku Honjin]], National Historic Site <ref name= "Bunka2">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/201016|title=旧有壁宿本陣 きゅうありかべじゅくほんじん|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
*[[Iji Castle]] ruins, a National Historic Site<ref name= "Bunka1">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/203506|title=伊治城跡 いじじょうあと|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
*[[Irinosawa Site]], National Historic Site
*[[Kurikoma Quasi-National Park]] is centered on Mt. Kurikoma, a dormant volcano straddling the tri-prefectural border of [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] and [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]]. It is 1627 meters high, conical, and has a 365 degree panoramic view. There is an abundance of diverse [[Alpine plant|alpine flora]] in the wetlands near its peak and expansive virgin beech forests that are home to many precious birds, insects, and other fauna. There are extensive hiking trails with hot springs located at the base and top of the mountain.
*[[Kurikoma Quasi-National Park]] is centered on Mt. Kurikoma, a dormant volcano straddling the tri-prefectural border of [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] and [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]]. It is 1627 meters high, conical, and has a 365 degree panoramic view. There is an abundance of diverse [[Alpine plant|alpine flora]] in the wetlands near its peak and expansive virgin beech forests that are home to many precious birds, insects, and other fauna. There are extensive hiking trails with hot springs located at the base and top of the mountain.
* Miyagi Prefectural Sanctuary Center of Izunuma-Uchinuma is a protected area created in order to protect the abundant plant and animal life in the area. Lake Izunuma, the largest lake in Miyagi, is home to 223 species of waterfowl, or 42% of Japan's 535 total species of water birds. Migrating birds including swans, geese, and ducks, winter here. From late July to late August is when the lotus flowers bloom and the Izunuma-Uchinuma Lotus Festival is held.
*Sekai Yachi Wetlands Flower Park is a 14.34-[[hectare]] wetlands area is situated in the southern foothills of Mt. Kurikoma, between 669 and 707 meters above sea level. Late June is the best time to see the [[Middendorff]]'s daylilies. The flowering seasons are spring and summer.
*[[Nuruyu Bansho Site]], National Historic Site <ref name= "Bunka4">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/137867|title=仙台藩花山村寒湯番所跡 せんだいはんはなやまむらぬるゆばんしゅあと|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
* Miyagi Prefectural Sanctuary Center of Izunuma-Uchinuma is a protected area created in order to protect the abundant plant and animal life in the area. Lake Izunuma, the largest lake in Miyagi, is home to 223 species of waterfowl, or 42% of Japan's 535 total species of water birds. Migrating birds including [[swan]]s, [[geese]], and [[ducks]], winter here. From late July to late August is when the lotus flowers bloom and the Izunuma-Uchinuma Lotus Festival is held.
*[[Sannō-Gakoi Site]], National Historic Site<ref name= "Bunka3">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/137877|title=山王囲遺跡 さんのうがこいいせき|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
*Sekai Yachi Wetlands Flower Park is a 14.34-hectare wetlands area is situated in the southern foothills of Mt. Kurikoma, between 669 and 707 meters above sea level. Late June is the best time to see the [[Middendorff]]'s daylilies. The flowering seasons are spring and summer.


===Culture===
===Culture===
Kurihara is known for its rice production. There are also a number of waterfalls, parks filled with cherry blossoms in spring, and flower gardens. These include: Abazu Gorge, Shiraito Falls, Gorindoyama Park, Hasama River Park, and Sanno Historic Park Iris Garden.
Kurihara is known for its rice production. There are also a number of waterfalls, parks filled with cherry blossoms in spring, and flower gardens. These include: Abazu Gorge, Shiraito Falls, Gorindoyama Park, Hasama River Park, and Sanno Historic Park Iris Garden.

It is also a renowned place for viewing the autumn leaves, especially around Mt. Kurikoma. Kurihara also has an abundance of [[onsen|hot spring resorts]]. These include: Yu-no-Kura Hot Spring, Yubama Hot Spring, Hanayama Hot Spring, and Nuruyu Hot Spring.
It is also a renowned place for viewing the autumn leaves, especially around Mt. Kurikoma. Kurihara also has an abundance of [[onsen|hot spring resorts]]. These include: Yu-no-Kura Hot Spring, Yubama Hot Spring, Hanayama Hot Spring, and Nuruyu Hot Spring.


===Festivals===
===Festivals===
*'''Late March''' [[Tohoku]] Draft Horse Pull Kurikoma Tournament (Kurikoma)
*'''Late March''' Tohoku Draft Horse Pull Kurikoma Tournament (Kurikoma)
*'''1st Sun of April''' Obasama Festival and Longevity Rites (Kannari)
*'''1st Sun of April''' Obasama Festival and Longevity Rites (Kannari)
*'''Mid-April''' Izumiya Oyashiki Festival (Semine)
*'''Mid-April''' Izumiya Oyashiki Festival (Semine)
Line 328: Line 480:


==Noted people from Kurihara ==
==Noted people from Kurihara ==
*[[Yoshiaki Hoshi]] – musician
*[[Kōbōyama Daizō]], sumo wrestler
*[[Yoshiaki Hoshi]], musician
*[[Kōbōyama Daizō]] – sumo wrestler
*[[Jun Izumida]] – professional wrestler
*[[Jun Izumida]], professional wrestler
*[[Yoh (wrestler)|Yohei "Yoh" Komatsu]], Japanese [[professional wrestler]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
===Notes===
{{notelist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
*{{url|http://www.kuriharacity.jp/ official website}} {{ja icon}}
*[http://www.kuriharacity.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Miyagi}}
{{Miyagi}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Kurihara, Miyagi| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Miyagi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Miyagi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Kurihara, Miyagi]]

Latest revision as of 16:09, 28 October 2024

"Kurihara" redirects here. For other uses, see Kurihara (disambiguation).
Kurihara
栗原市
City
Kurihara-Kogen Station, Tanabata, Kuriden Rail Park, Lotus flowers, Hanayama Dam, Kurikoma QNP
Kurihara-Kogen Station, Tanabata, Kuriden Rail Park, Lotus flowers, Hanayama Dam, Kurikoma QNP
Flag of Kurihara
Flag
Official seal of Kurihara
Seal
Location of Kurihara in Miyagi Prefecture
Location of Kurihara in Miyagi Prefecture
Kurihara is located in Japan
Kurihara
Kurihara
 
Coordinates: 38°43′48.4″N 141°1′17.3″E / 38.730111°N 141.021472°E / 38.730111; 141.021472
CountryJapan
RegionTōhoku
PrefectureMiyagi
Government
 • -MayorIsamu Satō
Area
 • Total
804.97 km2 (310.80 sq mi)
Population
 (April 30, 2020)
 • Total
66,565
 • Density83/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0228-22-1122
Address1-7-1 Tsukidate Yakushi, Kurihara-shi, Miyagi-ken 987-2293
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerNikkōkisuge (Hemerocallis dumortieri var. esculenta)
TreeKousa Dogwood
Kurihara City Hall
Rice drying after harvest in Kurihara

Kurihara (栗原市, Kurihara-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2020, the city had an estimated population of 66,565, and a population density of 83 persons per km2 in 24,994 households.[1] The total area of the city is 804.97 square kilometres (310.80 sq mi). Parts of the city are within the borders of the Kurikoma Quasi-National Park.

Geography

[edit]

Kurihara covers a part of the northwestern corner of Miyagi Prefecture. It is mostly rice farmland, and small mountain ridges, the largest of which cluster around Mount Kurikoma, the tallest mountain in Kurihara, which is located at the furthest northwestern point of Miyagi Prefecture. In summer, the lotus on Lake Izunuma bloom. In fall, Mount Kurikoma is covered in fall colors and in winter migrating swans and geese come in flocks to spend the season on Kurihara's lakes.

Neighboring municipalities

[edit]

Akita Prefecture

Iwate Prefecture

Miyagi Prefecture

Climate

[edit]

The climate of Kurihara is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) per the Köppen climate classification system. As with most of Japan, the summers in Kurihara are hot and humid with temperatures usually around 24.5 °C (76.1 °F). Summer is also typhoon season, however, since Kurihara is so far north and inland the area is rarely affected. Fall and spring are mild, with temperatures in the low to mid 20s (Celsius). In fall, the days usually begin foggy and cold but clear up by midday. Spring comes late to the region and is mostly sunny punctuated with random light showers. The temperature fluctuates around freezing in winter, falling to an average low of −1.3 °C (29.7 °F), and snow levels vary with altitude.[2]

Climate data for Kurikoma[a], Kurihara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1976−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.3
(52.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.4
(63.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.1
(89.8) 		33.3
(91.9) 		31.3
(88.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		19.7
(67.5) 		15.7
(60.3) 		33.3
(91.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2) 		0.8
(33.4) 		4.5
(40.1) 		11.4
(52.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		24.9
(76.8) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9.4
(48.9) 		3.0
(37.4) 		12.7
(54.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		19.7
(67.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		17.0
(62.6) 		11.2
(52.2) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		8.6
(47.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.3
(20.7) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		11.6
(52.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.2
(63.0) 		13.3
(55.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		4.5
(40.2)
Record low °C (°F) −15.5
(4.1) 		−14.1
(6.6) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		1.7
(35.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		8.7
(47.7) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−15.5
(4.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 126.8
(4.99) 		96.8
(3.81) 		125.8
(4.95) 		135.7
(5.34) 		164.8
(6.49) 		228.2
(8.98) 		263.5
(10.37) 		253.9
(10.00) 		261.6
(10.30) 		187.0
(7.36) 		137.4
(5.41) 		152.9
(6.02) 		2,124.9
(83.66)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 268
(106) 		207
(81) 		169
(67) 		37
(15) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		36
(14) 		208
(82) 		924
(364)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19.8 16.9 15.9 13.4 12.5 13.8 16.7 16.4 15.5 13.4 15.4 19.0 188.7
Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) 22.3 19.3 17.2 5.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 16.5 83.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 82.0 88.7 128.9 168.1 178.3 127.4 100.6 111.3 100.2 122.9 113.5 80.3 1,401
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][4]
Climate data for Tsukidate, Kurihara (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1976−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.9
(73.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.7
(92.7) 		36.4
(97.5) 		37.3
(99.1) 		34.7
(94.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		19.8
(67.6) 		37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.3
(48.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		24.0
(75.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		28.6
(83.5) 		24.9
(76.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.7
(44.1) 		16.6
(61.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		0.4
(32.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.9
(66.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.6
(74.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		13.6
(56.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		11.3
(52.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.7
(23.5) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		2.9
(37.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −17.0
(1.4) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.6
(42.1) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−14.9
(5.2) 		−18.3
(−0.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 42.1
(1.66) 		35.1
(1.38) 		73.0
(2.87) 		87.3
(3.44) 		111.9
(4.41) 		134.2
(5.28) 		185.4
(7.30) 		151.6
(5.97) 		166.3
(6.55) 		131.2
(5.17) 		62.9
(2.48) 		49.8
(1.96) 		1,230.8
(48.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.0 7.2 9.2 9.3 9.8 10.5 13.9 11.7 11.7 9.4 8.6 9.0 118.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 138.7 144.2 171.6 186.3 184.9 141.2 115.9 129.9 122.4 139.4 138.5 122.1 1,734.9
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5][6]

Demographics

[edit]

Per Japanese census data,[7] the population of Kurihara peaked at around the year 1950 and has declined over the past 70 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 82,759—    
1930 90,109+8.9%
1940 101,186+12.3%
1950 131,599+30.1%
1960 129,144−1.9%
1970 104,888−18.8%
1980 95,801−8.7%
1990 91,852−4.1%
2000 84,947−7.5%
2010 74,932−11.8%
2020 64,637−13.7%

History

[edit]

The area of present-day Kurihara was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period by the Emishi people. During the later portion of the Heian period, the area was ruled by the Northern Fujiwara. During the Sengoku period, the area was contested by various samurai clans before the area came under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain during the Edo period, under the Tokugawa shogunate.

With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized into Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture.

During the Meiji period, many mines were dug in the mountains of Kurihara, and the Hosokura mine was at one point Japan's largest producer of lead and zinc. The mine closed in 1987.

The city of Kurihara was established on April 1, 2005, from the merger of the towns of Ichihasama, Kannari, Kurikoma, Semine, Shiwahime, Takashimizu, Tsukidate, Uguisuzawa and Wakayanagi, and the village of Hanayama (all from Kurihara District, which was dissolved as a result of the merger). The new city hall is located in former Tsukidate. Although technically referred to as a "city", Kurihara in fact functions more like a county composed of ten separate towns. This arrangement is similar to English unitary authorities in the United Kingdom, such as Herefordshire.

During 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, Kurihara–specifically the former town of Tsukidate–experienced the strongest shaking, with a Shindo 7 intensity.[8]

Government

[edit]

Kurihara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 26 members. Kurihara contributes two seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Miyagi 6th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

[edit]

The economy of Kurihara is largely based on agriculture. Mining, which once formed a significant percentage of the economy has largely disappeared with the closure of the last mines in the 1980s.

Education

[edit]

Kurihara has 13 public elementary schools and eight public junior high schools operated by the city government and five public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

Transportation

[edit]

Railway

[edit]

East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Shinkansen

East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Main Line

Highway

[edit]

Local attractions

[edit]
  • Former Arikabe-juku Honjin, National Historic Site [9]
  • Iji Castle ruins, a National Historic Site[10]
  • Irinosawa Site, National Historic Site
  • Kurikoma Quasi-National Park is centered on Mt. Kurikoma, a dormant volcano straddling the tri-prefectural border of Miyagi, Akita and Iwate. It is 1627 meters high, conical, and has a 365 degree panoramic view. There is an abundance of diverse alpine flora in the wetlands near its peak and expansive virgin beech forests that are home to many precious birds, insects, and other fauna. There are extensive hiking trails with hot springs located at the base and top of the mountain.
  • Miyagi Prefectural Sanctuary Center of Izunuma-Uchinuma is a protected area created in order to protect the abundant plant and animal life in the area. Lake Izunuma, the largest lake in Miyagi, is home to 223 species of waterfowl, or 42% of Japan's 535 total species of water birds. Migrating birds including swans, geese, and ducks, winter here. From late July to late August is when the lotus flowers bloom and the Izunuma-Uchinuma Lotus Festival is held.
  • Nuruyu Bansho Site, National Historic Site [11]
  • Sannō-Gakoi Site, National Historic Site[12]
  • Sekai Yachi Wetlands Flower Park is a 14.34-hectare wetlands area is situated in the southern foothills of Mt. Kurikoma, between 669 and 707 meters above sea level. Late June is the best time to see the Middendorff's daylilies. The flowering seasons are spring and summer.

Culture

[edit]

Kurihara is known for its rice production. There are also a number of waterfalls, parks filled with cherry blossoms in spring, and flower gardens. These include: Abazu Gorge, Shiraito Falls, Gorindoyama Park, Hasama River Park, and Sanno Historic Park Iris Garden.

It is also a renowned place for viewing the autumn leaves, especially around Mt. Kurikoma. Kurihara also has an abundance of hot spring resorts. These include: Yu-no-Kura Hot Spring, Yubama Hot Spring, Hanayama Hot Spring, and Nuruyu Hot Spring.

Festivals

[edit]
  • Late March Tohoku Draft Horse Pull Kurikoma Tournament (Kurikoma)
  • 1st Sun of April Obasama Festival and Longevity Rites (Kannari)
  • Mid-April Izumiya Oyashiki Festival (Semine)
  • April 29 Masaoka Festival (Ichihasama)
  • Mid-April Cherry Blossom Festivals (all areas)
  • May 5 Hanayama Rifle Festival (Hanayama)
  • Mid-June Iris Festival (Ichihasama)
  • Mid-June Ichihasama Lily Garden Opening (Ichihasama)
  • 1st Sun of July Iris Festival and Kagura Sacred Dance (Ichihasama)
  • 3rd Sun of July Michinoku Kagura Sacred Dance Festival (Tsukidate)
  • Late July Kurikoma Float Parade Festival (Kurikoma)
  • August Izunuma-Uchinuma Lotus Festival (Wakayanagi, Tsukidate)
  • August 5–6 Tsukidate Tanabata Festival (Tsukidate)
  • August 14 Waterwheel (Suisha) Festival (Shiwahime)
  • August 15–16 Wakayanagi Summer Festival (Wakayanagi)
  • Early October Autumn Lake Festival (Hanayama)
  • Oct-Nov Tagaiichi Markets and Festivals
  • November 3 Tsukidate Yakushi Festival
  • Early Nov Industries Festival
  • Dec-Feb Festivals to Beckon and Welcome Spring (all areas)
  • Mid-Jan Donto Festivals (all areas)

Noted people from Kurihara

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kurihara city official statistics(in Japanese)
  2. ^ Kurihara climate data
  3. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  4. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  5. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  6. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  7. ^ Kurihara population statistics
  8. ^ 日本放送協会 (2023-03-06). "3.11東日本大震災とは 最大震度7と大津波 巨大地震のメカニズムと被害 - NHK". www3.nhk.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  9. ^ "旧有壁宿本陣 きゅうありかべじゅくほんじん". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  10. ^ "伊治城跡 いじじょうあと". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  11. ^ "仙台藩花山村寒湯番所跡 せんだいはんはなやまむらぬるゆばんしゅあと". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  12. ^ "山王囲遺跡 さんのうがこいいせき". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ former Kurikoma town, the weather station name in Japanese is Japanese: 駒ノ湯
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