Leonhard of Gorizia: Difference between revisions
Oddharmonic (talk | contribs) Added categories. |
No edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (55 intermediate revisions by 30 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ infobox nobility |
|||
{{Unreferenced|date=January 2008}} |
|||
| name = Leonhard |
|||
| title = ''[[Count of Gorizia|Count of Görz]]'' |
|||
| image = Leonhard von Görz (cropped).jpg |
|||
| caption = |
|||
| noble family = [[House of Gorizia|Meinhardiner]] dynasty |
|||
| father = [[Henry VI, Count of Gorizia|Henry VI of Gorizia]] |
|||
| mother = Catherine of [[House of Garay|Garay]] |
|||
| spouse = Hieronyma of Ilok<br>Paola Gonzaga |
|||
| birth_date = 1440 |
|||
| birth_place = [[Lienz]], [[County of Görz]] |
|||
| death_date = 12 April {{death year and age|1500|1440}} |
|||
| death_place = Lienz |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Leonhard''' (1440 – 12 April 1500) was the last [[count of Gorizia]] from the [[House of Gorizia|Meinhardiner]] dynasty. He ruled at [[Lienz]] and [[Gorizia]] (''Görz'') from 1454 until his death. He also held the title and rights as a [[count palatine]] of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]. |
|||
==Family== |
|||
'''Leonhard of Gorizia''' ([[1440]] - [[April 12]], [[1500]]), son of [[Henry V of Gorizia|Count Henry V]] and his wife [[Karalin Gara]], was the last Count of [[County of Gorizia|Gorizia]]. |
|||
Leonhard was born at [[Burg Bruck|Bruck Castle]] in [[Lienz]], the comital residence of the [[House of Gorizia]]. He was the son of [[Henry VI, Count of Gorizia]], and his wife, Catherine, a daughter of the [[Hungarian palatine]] [[Nicholas II Garay]]. In 1454 he succeeded his father, who left him an almost ruined county with two separate territories. |
|||
Leonhards first marriage to Hieronyma of [[House of Ilok|Ilok]], the daughter of [[Nicholas of Ilok]], King of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages|Bosnia]] had produced no issue. After her death in 1460 Leonhard married secondl, in 1478, Paola [[House of Gonzaga|Gonzaga]], the daughter of the [[Kingdom of Italy (medieval)|Italian]] marquis [[Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua|Ludovico III of Mantua]], and together they had a daughter who died as an infant. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
a |
|||
John died in 1462 and Leonhard remained sole ruler. In 1462 he recovered Lienz. He married in 1478 Paola Gonzaga, the daughter of [[Ludovico II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua|Marquess Ludovico III of Mantua]], but the union proved childless. |
|||
During the negotiations for his marriage, Andrea da Schivenoglia, chronicler of the Gonzaga family, described the then 36-old Count of Gorizia as "pleasant and joyful" (piaxevolo et zoioso).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/paola-gonzaga_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ | title=Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere }}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | Facing the extinction of the dynasty Count Leonhard became subject to the competing pressures of the |
||
== Early reign == |
|||
| ⚫ | Leonhard at first ruled jointly with his brothers [[John II, Count of Gorizia|John II]] and Louis. John as the eldest apparently held most of the power while younger Louis did not exercise any political role and died between 1456 and 1457. The brothers had to face the hostility of Emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] who aimed to seize their remaining "outer county" around the town of Lienz and the [[Puster Valley]], separating the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] hereditary lands of [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]] and [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]], which had been possessions of the Meinhardiner dynasty until the 14th century. |
||
Moreover, John and Leonhard picked a fierce inheritance conflict around the lands of the extinct [[counts of Celje]] after the death of Count [[Ulrich II, Count of Celje|Ulrich II]] in 1456, whereupon the defeated brothers not only had to renounce all their claims but also were forced to cede the residence at Lienz and various territories in Carinthia to Frederick III. The Counts of Görz had to move to [[Heinfels Castle]]. John died in 1462 and Leonhard became sole ruler. With the help of his capable deputy [[Virgil von Graben]], a relative from the [[House of Graben von Stein]], he recovered Lienz. Later Leonhard also get back the title and rights as a [[Count palatine]] of [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]]. |
|||
== Succession == |
|||
| ⚫ | Facing the extinction of the dynasty, sickly Count Leonhard became subject to the competing pressures of both the Imperial Habsburg dynasty and the [[Republic of Venice]], which both competed for his heritage. The [[Council of Ten|Venice Ten]], who since 1434 ruled over the ''[[Domini di Terraferma]]'' in [[Friuli]], intended to seize the adjacent "inner county" centered on the town of Gorizia itself. |
||
During his reign his administrator Virgil von Graben was persuaded by grand promises by King [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] to end his hitherto secret association with the Venetians and instead advocate the country's accession to the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PwgDdyzTLVoC&q=virgil+von+graben&pg=PA163 wayback=20140113124200 Hermann Wiesflecker: ''Österreich im Zeitalter Maximilians I.: die Vereinigung der Länder zum ...'']</ref> The enlightened views of the Republic of Venice and its decision-makers would have recognized the Gorizian (Meinhardin) bastard Von Graben himself as the new Count of Gorizia.<ref>[http://www.google.at/search?hl=de&tbo=1&tbs=bks%3A1&q=virgil+von+graben+g%C3%B6rzischer+bastard&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai= Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56]</ref> Another suggestion was that Von Graben would hand over the County of Gorizia to the Republic and in exchange would receive all Gorizia castles and lordships in [[Friuli]] and Venice as a fief.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_xsSAAAAIAAJ&q=virgil+von+graben+ Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56]</ref> But it didn't come to that. In 1498, Virgil von Graben gave his son [[Lukas von Graben zum Stein|Lukas von Graben]] authority over the [[Gorizia Castle|gorizian]] [[Burghut]]. First, the [[Council of Ten]] of the Republic of Venice considered appointing Lukas von Graben as their supreme commander in Friuli. However, since Virgil von Graben ended the contract with Venice about the succession in the County of Gorizia and negotiated with Maximilian I, this appointment did not materialize.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=or9AAAAAYAAJ&q=+von+graben Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56]</ref> In the end Leonhard leaned towards the Habsburgs and signed an inheritance treaty with Maximilian I. After the death of Leonhard on 12 April 1500 and the Gorizia inheritance in favor of the Habsburgs, the Venetians saw their failure solely ''in the actions of the lords Virgil and Lukas von Graben''.<ref>Hermann Wiesflecker: ''Die Grafschaft Görz und die Herrschaft Lienz, ihre Entwicklung und ihr Erbfall an Österreich (1500).'' In: ''Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum.'' Band 78, Innsbruck 1998, p 142, 144 (VeroeffFerd_78_0131-0149.pdf).</ref> |
|||
Upon his death, [[Archduchy of Austria|Austrian]] troops immediately occupied the town of Gorizia. The Habsburgs (re-)united Lienz with the County of Tyrol and went on to rule as Counts in Gorizia ([[Gorizia and Gradisca]] from 1754). Leonhard's former deputy Virgil von Graben, who had played a vital role in the convergence to the Habsburg dynasty, took the position as a [[Stadtholder]] in Lienz from them. |
|||
{{S-start}} |
|||
{{Succession box | |
|||
before= [[Henry VI, Count of Gorizia|Henry VI]] | |
|||
title= [[County of Görz|Count of Görz]] | |
|||
years= 1454-1500<br>''jointly with [[John II, Count of Gorizia|John II]] 1454-1462<br>and Louis 1454-1457''| |
|||
after= [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I of Austria]] |
|||
}} |
|||
{{S-end}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
[[Category:1440 births]] |
[[Category:1440 births]] |
||
[[Category:1500 deaths]] |
[[Category:1500 deaths]] |
||
[[Category:Counts of |
[[Category:Counts of Gorizia]] |
||
[[Category:People from Lienz]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 16:57, 28 October 2024
Leonhard | |
|---|---|
| Count of Görz | |
.jpg) | |
| Born | 1440 Lienz, County of Görz |
| Died | 12 April 1500 (aged 59–60) Lienz |
| Noble family | Meinhardiner dynasty |
| Spouse(s) | Hieronyma of Ilok Paola Gonzaga |
| Father | Henry VI of Gorizia |
| Mother | Catherine of Garay |
Leonhard (1440 – 12 April 1500) was the last count of Gorizia from the Meinhardiner dynasty. He ruled at Lienz and Gorizia (Görz) from 1454 until his death. He also held the title and rights as a count palatine of Carinthia.
Family
[edit]Leonhard was born at Bruck Castle in Lienz, the comital residence of the House of Gorizia. He was the son of Henry VI, Count of Gorizia, and his wife, Catherine, a daughter of the Hungarian palatine Nicholas II Garay. In 1454 he succeeded his father, who left him an almost ruined county with two separate territories.
Leonhards first marriage to Hieronyma of Ilok, the daughter of Nicholas of Ilok, King of Bosnia had produced no issue. After her death in 1460 Leonhard married secondl, in 1478, Paola Gonzaga, the daughter of the Italian marquis Ludovico III of Mantua, and together they had a daughter who died as an infant.
a
During the negotiations for his marriage, Andrea da Schivenoglia, chronicler of the Gonzaga family, described the then 36-old Count of Gorizia as "pleasant and joyful" (piaxevolo et zoioso).[1]
Early reign
[edit]Leonhard at first ruled jointly with his brothers John II and Louis. John as the eldest apparently held most of the power while younger Louis did not exercise any political role and died between 1456 and 1457. The brothers had to face the hostility of Emperor Frederick III who aimed to seize their remaining "outer county" around the town of Lienz and the Puster Valley, separating the Habsburg hereditary lands of Tyrol and Carinthia, which had been possessions of the Meinhardiner dynasty until the 14th century.
Moreover, John and Leonhard picked a fierce inheritance conflict around the lands of the extinct counts of Celje after the death of Count Ulrich II in 1456, whereupon the defeated brothers not only had to renounce all their claims but also were forced to cede the residence at Lienz and various territories in Carinthia to Frederick III. The Counts of Görz had to move to Heinfels Castle. John died in 1462 and Leonhard became sole ruler. With the help of his capable deputy Virgil von Graben, a relative from the House of Graben von Stein, he recovered Lienz. Later Leonhard also get back the title and rights as a Count palatine of Carinthia.
Succession
[edit]Facing the extinction of the dynasty, sickly Count Leonhard became subject to the competing pressures of both the Imperial Habsburg dynasty and the Republic of Venice, which both competed for his heritage. The Venice Ten, who since 1434 ruled over the Domini di Terraferma in Friuli, intended to seize the adjacent "inner county" centered on the town of Gorizia itself.
During his reign his administrator Virgil von Graben was persuaded by grand promises by King Maximilian I to end his hitherto secret association with the Venetians and instead advocate the country's accession to the Habsburg Empire.[2] The enlightened views of the Republic of Venice and its decision-makers would have recognized the Gorizian (Meinhardin) bastard Von Graben himself as the new Count of Gorizia.[3] Another suggestion was that Von Graben would hand over the County of Gorizia to the Republic and in exchange would receive all Gorizia castles and lordships in Friuli and Venice as a fief.[4] But it didn't come to that. In 1498, Virgil von Graben gave his son Lukas von Graben authority over the gorizian Burghut. First, the Council of Ten of the Republic of Venice considered appointing Lukas von Graben as their supreme commander in Friuli. However, since Virgil von Graben ended the contract with Venice about the succession in the County of Gorizia and negotiated with Maximilian I, this appointment did not materialize.[5] In the end Leonhard leaned towards the Habsburgs and signed an inheritance treaty with Maximilian I. After the death of Leonhard on 12 April 1500 and the Gorizia inheritance in favor of the Habsburgs, the Venetians saw their failure solely in the actions of the lords Virgil and Lukas von Graben.[6]
Upon his death, Austrian troops immediately occupied the town of Gorizia. The Habsburgs (re-)united Lienz with the County of Tyrol and went on to rule as Counts in Gorizia (Gorizia and Gradisca from 1754). Leonhard's former deputy Virgil von Graben, who had played a vital role in the convergence to the Habsburg dynasty, took the position as a Stadtholder in Lienz from them.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
References
[edit]- ^ "Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere".
- ^ wayback=20140113124200 Hermann Wiesflecker: Österreich im Zeitalter Maximilians I.: die Vereinigung der Länder zum ...
- ^ Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56
- ^ Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56
- ^ Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Band 56
- ^ Hermann Wiesflecker: Die Grafschaft Görz und die Herrschaft Lienz, ihre Entwicklung und ihr Erbfall an Österreich (1500). In: Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. Band 78, Innsbruck 1998, p 142, 144 (VeroeffFerd_78_0131-0149.pdf).