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Coordinates: 58°34′59″N 08°34′20″E / 58.58306°N 8.57222°E / 58.58306; 8.57222
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{{short description|Municipality in Agder, Norway}}
{{about|the municipality in Agder, Norway|the village in that municipality|Froland (village)}}
{{Infobox kommune
{{Infobox kommune
| name = Froland
|name = Froland
| native_name =
|native_name =
| native_name_lang =
|native_name_lang =
| other_name =
|other_name =
| official_name =
|former_name =
| idnumber = 0919
|idnumber = 4214
| county = Aust-Agder
|image_skyline = Krk-Froland.jpg
| district = Sørlandet
|image_caption = View of the [[Froland Church]]
|county = Agder
| image_skyline = Krk-Froland.jpg
| capital = [[Blakstad, Aust-Agder|Blakstad]]
|district = Sørlandet
| demonym = Frolending
|capital = [[Blakstad, Agder|Blakstad]]
| language = [[Norwegian language|Neutral]]
|established = 1850
|preceded = [[Øyestad|Øyestad Municipality]]
| coatofarms = Froland_komm.png
| munwebpage = www.froland.kommune.no
|demonym = Frolending
| mayor = Sigmund Pedersen
|language = Neutral
|coatofarms = Froland komm.svg
| mayor_party = [[Centre Party (Norway)|Sp]]
| mayor_as_of = 2003
|webpage = www.froland.kommune.no
| area_rank = 171
|mayor = Inger-Lene Håland
|mayor_party = [[Labour Party (Norway)|Ap]]
| area_total_km2 = 644.56
| area_land_km2 = 604.93
|mayor_as_of = 2023
|area_rank = 176
| area_water_km2 = 39.63
|area_total_km2 = 644.55
| population_as_of = 2010
|area_land_km2 = 601.04
| population_rank = 202
|area_water_km2 = 43.51
| population_total = 5002
|area_water_percent = 6.8
| population_density_km2 = 8.3
|population_as_of = 2023
| population_increase = 11.2
|population_rank = 155
| latd = 58 | latm = 34 | lats = 59 | longd = 8 | longm = 34 | longs = 20
|population_total = 6174
| utm_zone = 32V | utm_northing = 6493717 | utm_easting = 0475129 | geo_cat = adm2nd
|population_density_km2 = 10.3
|population_increase = 13.8
|coordinates = {{coord|58|34|59|N|08|34|20|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
|utm_zone = 32V |utm_northing = 6493717 |utm_easting = 0475129 | geo_cat = adm2nd
}}
}}


'''Froland''' is a [[List of municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Aust-Agder]] [[counties of Norway|county]], [[Norway]]. It is part of the [[Districts of Norway|traditional region]] of [[Southern Norway|Sørlandet]]. The administrative center is the village of [[Blakstad, Aust-Agder|Blakstad]], which along with [[Osedalen]] form the main population center of the municipality.
'''Froland''' is a [[List of municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Agder]] [[counties of Norway|county]], [[Norway]]. It is part of the [[Districts of Norway|traditional region]] of [[Southern Norway|Sørlandet]]. The administrative center is the village of [[Blakstad, Agder|Blakstad]], which along with [[Osedalen]] form the main population center of the municipality. Other villages in Froland include [[Bøylefoss]], [[Bøylestad]], [[Froland (village)|Froland]], [[Frolands verk]], [[Heldalsmo]], [[Hinnebu]], [[Hynnekleiv]], [[Jomås]], [[Lauvrak]], [[Libru]], [[Løvjomås]], [[Mjåvatn]], [[Mjølhus]], [[Mykland (village)|Mykland]], and [[Risdal]].<ref name="snl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Froland |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/Froland |access-date=2017-12-17 |date=2017-11-02 |editor-last=Thorsnæs |editor-first=Geir |language=no}}</ref>

The {{convert|645|km2|adj=on}} municipality is the 176th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Froland is the 155th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,174. The municipality's [[population density]] is {{convert|10.3|PD/km2}} and its population has increased by 13.8% over the previous 10-year period.<ref name="ssb pop">{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/ |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name="ssb area">{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/09280/ |language=Norwegian}}</ref>


==General information==
==General information==
[[File:Froland IMG 1866 geology rv 41 kolhusfjell east of öyna.JPG|thumb|left|Landscape of Froland]]
The municipality of Froland was established when it was separated from the municipality of [[Øyestad]] in 1850. The new municipality had an initial population of 1,976. On 1 January 1967, the neighboring municipality of [[Mykland (village)|Mykland]] (population: 604) was merged into the municipality of Froland. The newly enlarged municipality had a population of 3,372. On 1 January 1968, the Flateland area of neighboring [[Åmli]] municipality (population: 6) was transferred to Froland.
[[File:Froland Nidelva dam.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dam]] near the Bøylefoss power station]]
[[File:Froland verk a.JPG|thumb|left|[[Frolands verk]] museum]]
The municipality of Froland was established when it was separated from the municipality of [[Øyestad]] in 1850. The new municipality had an initial population of 1,976. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the [[Schei Committee]]. On 1 January 1967, the neighboring municipality of [[Mykland (municipality)|Mykland]] (population: 604) was merged into the municipality of Froland. The newly enlarged municipality had a population of 3,372. On 1 January 1968, the Flateland area of neighboring [[Åmli]] municipality (population: 6) was transferred to Froland.<ref name="Dag">{{Cite web |last=Jukvam |first=Dag |year=1999 |title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]] |language=no |isbn=9788253746845}}</ref>


On 1 January 1970, the two uninhabited areas of Neset and Råbudal were separated from Froland and transferred to neighboring Birkenes. Then on 1 January 1979, the uninhabited Landheia area was transferred from Froland to Birkenes municipality. On 1 January 1991, the Dalen area in [[Birkenes]] municipality (population: 60) was transferred from Birkenes to Froland municipality.<ref name=Dag>{{cite web|first=Dag|last=Jukvam|publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]]|title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen|year=1999|url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf|language=Norwegian}}</ref>
On 1 January 1970, the two uninhabited areas of Neset and Råbudal were separated from Froland and transferred to neighboring [[Birkenes]] municipality. Then on 1 January 1979, the uninhabited Landheia area was transferred from Froland to Birkenes municipality. On 1 January 1991, the Dalen area in [[Birkenes]] municipality (population: 60) was transferred from Birkenes to Froland municipality.<ref name="Dag" />


===Name===
===Name===
The municipality (originally the [[parish]]) is named after the old ''Froland'' farm ([[Old Norse]]: ''Fróðaland''), since the first church was built there. The first element is the [[genitive case]] of the male name [[Fróði]] and the last element is ''land'' which means "land" or "[[farm]]".<ref>{{cite book|title=Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt|edition=8|authorlink=Oluf Rygh|last=Rygh|first=Oluf|publisher=W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri|year=1905|location=Kristiania, Norge|pages=77|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=u4pBAAAAIAAJ|language=Norwegian}}</ref>
The municipality (originally the [[prestegjeld|parish]]) is named after the old ''[[Froland (village)|Froland]]'' farm ({{langx|non|Fróðaland}}) since the first [[Froland Church]] was built there. The first element is the [[genitive case]] of the male name [[Fróði]]. The last element is {{wikt-lang|non|land}} which means "land" or "district".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rygh |first=Oluf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4pBAAAAIAAJ |title=Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt |publisher=W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri |year=1905 |edition=8 |location=Kristiania, Norge |page=77 |language=no |author-link=Oluf Rygh}}</ref>


===Coat-of-arms===
===Coat of arms===
The [[coat of arms]] was granted on 17 January 1986. The official [[blazon]] is ''"[[Vert (heraldry)|Vert]], a squirrel [[sejant|sejant erect]] [[argent]]"'' ({{langx|no|I grønt et sølv ekorn}}). This means the arms have a green [[field (heraldry)|field]] (background) and the [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] is a [[squirrel]] sitting on its haunches with its front paws raised. The squirrel has a [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] of [[argent]] which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The green color in the field and the squirrel was chosen as a symbol for the [[forest]]s and [[wildlife]] in the municipality. The arms were designed by David Rike. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen |url=https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Froland |access-date=2023-01-19 |publisher=Heraldry of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Froland, Aust-Agder (Norway) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/no-09-19.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-01-17 |title=Godkjenning av våpen og flagg |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/LF/forskrift/1986-01-17-69?q=flagg |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Lovdata.no |publisher=Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet |language=no}}</ref>
The [[Coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] is from modern times. They were granted on 17 January 1986. The arms show a [[squirrel]] as a symbol for the [[forest]]s and [[wildlife]] in the municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/f/froland.htm|author=Norske Kommunevåpen|year=1990|title=Nye kommunevåbener i Norden|accessdate=2008-10-3}}</ref>

===Churches===
The [[Church of Norway]] has one parish ({{lang|no|sokn}}) within the municipality of Froland. It is part of the [[Arendal prosti]] ([[deanery]]) in the [[Diocese of Agder og Telemark]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ style="font-size:medium"|'''''Churches in Froland'''''
!Parish ({{lang|no|sokn}})!!Church name!!Location of the church!!Year built
|-
|rowspan="2"|Froland||[[Froland Church]]||[[Froland (village)|Froland]]||1718
|-
|[[Mykland Church]]||[[Mykland (village)|Mykland]]||1832
|}


==History==
==History==
The [[iron]] production facility, ''Frolands verk'', was founded in 1763 and continued in production through 1867. After that the facility became a [[sawmill]]. Today the main building from 1791 is a historically protected building, and the old [[stable]]s are used as a cultural center.
The [[iron]] production facility, ''[[Frolands verk]]'', was founded in 1763 and continued in production through 1867. After that the facility became a [[sawmill]]. Today the main building from 1791 is a historically protected building, and the old [[stable]]s are used as a cultural center.


==Geography==
==Geography==
The municipality is bordered on the north by the municipality of Åmli, on the east by [[Tvedestrand]], on the south by [[Arendal]], [[Grimstad]] and Birkenes, on the west by [[Evje og Hornnes]] and [[Bygland]].
The municipality is bordered on the north by the municipality of [[Åmli]]; on the east by [[Tvedestrand]]; on the south by [[Arendal]], [[Grimstad]], and Birkenes; and on the west by [[Evje og Hornnes]] and [[Bygland]].


There are many lakes in Froland, including [[Homstølvatnet]], [[Nelaug (lake)|Nelaug]], [[Nystølfjorden]], and [[Uldalsåna]].
The large rivers [[Nidelva (Aust-Agder)|Nidelva]] and [[Tovdalselva]] both run through Froland. There are also many lakes in Froland, including [[Homstølvatnet]], [[Nelaug (lake)|Nelaug]], [[Nystølfjorden]], and [[Uldalsåna]].

==Government==
Froland Municipality is responsible for [[primary education]] (through 10th grade), outpatient [[Health care|health services]], [[old age|senior citizen]] services, [[welfare]] and other [[Social work|social services]], [[zoning]], [[economic development]], and municipal [[road]]s and utilities. The municipality is governed by a [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] of [[Direct election|directly elected]] representatives. The [[mayor]] is [[Indirect election|indirectly elected]] by a vote of the municipal council.<ref name="ks">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=kommunestyre |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/kommunestyre |date=2022-09-20 |editor-last=Hansen |editor-first=Tore |language=Norwegian |editor2-last=Vabo |editor2-first=Signy Irene |accessdate=2022-10-14}}</ref> The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the [[Agder District Court]] and the [[Agder Court of Appeal]].

===Municipal council===
The [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] ({{lang|no|Kommunestyre}}) of Froland is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political [[Political party|party]].
{{div col}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2023
|end = 2027
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2023/ko/agder/froland#seats |access-date=2024-01-28 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed =
|Total = 19
|Arbeiderpartiet = 4
|Fremskrittspartiet = 4
|Høyre = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Konservativt = 2
|Senterpartiet = 3
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2019
|end = 2023
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2019/ko/agder/froland#seats |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 19
|Arbeiderpartiet = 4
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|Høyre = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 6
|Kristne = 1
|Senterpartiet = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2015
|end = 2019
|reference = <ref name="ssb valg">{{Cite web |title=Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/04813/ |publisher=Statistics Norway |language=no}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 19
|Arbeiderpartiet = 5
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|Høyre = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 6
|Senterpartiet = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2011
|end = 2015
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Aust-Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2011/ko/aust-agder/froland#seats |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 19
|Arbeiderpartiet = 4
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|Høyre = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Senterpartiet = 6
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2007
|end = 2011
|reference = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet = 4
|Senterpartiet = 7
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 2003
|end = 2007
|reference = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet = 4
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|Høyre = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Senterpartiet = 5
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1999
|end = 2003
|reference = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet = 8
|Fremskrittspartiet = 3
|Høyre = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 5
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|Venstre = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1995
|end = 1999
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1995 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c342.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 9
|Fremskrittspartiet = 2
|Høyre = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Senterpartiet = 6
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|Venstre = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1991
|end = 1995
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1991 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c057.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 10
|Fremskrittspartiet = 1
|Høyre = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Senterpartiet = 6
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 2
|Venstre = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1987
|end = 1991
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1987 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b765.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 13
|Høyre = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Senterpartiet = 5
|Venstre = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1983
|end = 1987
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1984 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1983 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b450.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 13
|Høyre = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Senterpartiet = 4
|Venstre = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1979
|end = 1983
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1979 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1979 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b093.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 12
|Høyre = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Senterpartiet = 4
|Venstre = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1975
|end = 1979
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1977 |title=Kommunevalgene 1975 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a769.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 11
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 6
|Senterpartiet = 5
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|Venstre = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1971
|end = 1975
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1973 |title=Kommunevalgene 1972 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a457.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 14
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 4
|Senterpartiet = 3
|Sosialistisk_Folkeparti = 1
|Venstre = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1967
|end = 1971
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1967 |title=Kommunevalgene 1967 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a214.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo |volume=I}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet = 13
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Senterpartiet = 4
|Sosialistisk_Folkeparti = 2
|Venstre = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|start = 1963
|end = 1967
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1964 |title=Kommunevalgene 1963 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xii_138.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet = 10
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 2
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Sosialistisk_Folkeparti = 1
|Venstre = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1959
|end = 1963
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1960 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xii_022.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet = 9
|NKP = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 2
|Senterpartiet = 3
|Venstre = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1955
|end = 1959
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1957 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xi_252.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet = 9
|NKP = 1
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 3
|Venstre = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1951
|end = 1955
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1952 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xi_120.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 16
|Arbeiderpartiet = 9
|NKP = 1
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 1
|Venstre = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1947
|end = 1951
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_x_165.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 16
|Arbeiderpartiet = 8
|NKP = 1
|Senterpartiet = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti = 2
|Venstre = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1945
|end = 1947
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1947 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_x_133.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 16
|Arbeiderpartiet = 9
|NKP = 1
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Venstre = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name = Froland
|herad = yes
|start = 1937
|end = 1941*
|reference = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1938 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_ix_133.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed = yes
|Total = 16
|Senterpartiet = 2
|Venstre = 6
|Arbeiderpartiet = 8
|}}
{{div col end}}

===Mayors===
The [[Mayor#Scandinavia|mayors]] ({{langx|no|ordfører}}) of Froland (incomplete list):
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*1983-2003: Aadne K. Mykland ([[Labour Party (Norway)|Ap]])
*2003-2015: Sigmund Pedersen ([[Centre Party (Norway)|Sp]])
*2015-2023: Ove Gundersen ([[Christian Democratic Party (Norway)|KrF]])
*2023-present: Inger-Lene Håland ([[Labour Party (Norway)|Ap]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-12 |title=Første kvinnelige ordfører i Froland |url=https://www.nrk.no/sorlandet/forste-kvinnelige-ordforer-i-froland-1.16554022 |access-date=2024-01-28 |work=[[NRK]] |language=no}}</ref>
{{div col end}}


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
[[Arendal Line|Arendalsbanen]] railway, from [[Nelaug]] to Arendal connects Froland and Arendal to the railway system in Norway. [[Froland Station]] is located in the village of Froland. There is also a station in [[Bøylestad]] village.
The [[Arendal Line|Arendalsbanen]] railway which runs from [[Nelaug]] to [[Arendal (town)|Arendal]] connects Froland and Arendal to the railway system in Norway. [[Blakstad Station]] is in the municipal centre of [[Blakstad, Aust-Agder|Blakstad]], [[Froland Station]] is located in the village of [[Froland (village)|Froland]], and [[Bøylestad Station]] is in the village of [[Bøylestad]].


There are also several highways in Froland including the [[Norwegian National Road 41]], [[Norwegian County Road 408]], and [[Norwegian County Road 413]].
==Notable residents==

* [[Niels Henrik Abel]], a brilliant 19th century [[mathematician]], died here in April 1829 and is buried at Froland cemetery.
==Media==
The newspaper ''[[Frolendingen]]'' is published in Froland.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Frolendingen |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/Frolendingen |access-date=2017-12-17 |date=2016-07-11 |editor-last=Breivik Pettersen |editor-first=Øyvind |language=no}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Niels Henrik Abel]] (1802–1829 in Froland), a distinguished mathematician who was buried at Froland cemetery<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Abel, Niels Henrik | volume= 01 | page = 39 ||short= x}}</ref>
* [[Iver Steen Thomle]] (1812 in Froland – 1889), a jurist and [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway]] from 1878–86
* [[Gotfred Kvifte]] (1914 in Froland – 1997), a physicist and academic
* [[Marte Olsbu Røiseland]] (born 1990), a biathlete who was a triple gold medalist at the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] and team silver medalist at the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] who resides in Froland.


==References==
==References==
Line 61: Line 407:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Froland}}
{{commons category|Froland}}
{{wiktionary|Froland}}
{{wiktionary|Froland}}
*[http://www.ssb.no/english/municipalities/0919 Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]]
*[http://ssb.no/kommunefakta/froland Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]] {{in lang|no}}
*{{wikitravel|Aust-Agder}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Aust-Agder}}
*[http://www.arendalsfoss.no/ Arendals fossekompani] {{no icon}}
*[http://www.arendalsfoss.no/ Arendals fossekompani] {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.froland.org Froland.org] {{no icon}}
*[http://www.froland.org Froland.org] {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.froland.kommune.no Municipal website] {{no icon}}
*[http://www.froland.kommune.no Municipal website] {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.frolandcurlingklubb.no Froland Curlingklubb] {{no icon}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080410085623/http://www.frolandcurlingklubb.no/ Froland Curlingklubb] {{in lang|no}}

{{Aust-Agder}}


{{Agder}}
[[Category:Municipalities of Aust-Agder]]
{{authority control}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}


[[da:Froland]]
[[Category:Froland| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Agder]]
[[et:Frolandi vald]]
[[Category:1850 establishments in Norway]]
[[fr:Froland]]
[[bpy:ফ্রোলেন্ড]]
[[it:Froland]]
[[hu:Froland]]
[[nl:Froland]]
[[no:Froland]]
[[nn:Froland kommune]]
[[nds:Kommun Froland]]
[[pl:Froland]]
[[pt:Froland]]
[[ro:Froland]]
[[ru:Фроланн]]
[[sl:Froland]]
[[fi:Froland]]
[[sv:Froland kommun]]
[[vi:Froland]]
[[war:Froland]]

Latest revision as of 00:15, 29 October 2024

This article is about the municipality in Agder, Norway. For the village in that municipality, see Froland (village).
Froland Municipality
Froland kommune
Municipality
View of the Froland Church
View of the Froland Church
Flag of Froland Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Froland Municipality
Coat of arms
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Froland within Agder
Froland within Agder
Coordinates: 58°34′59″N 08°34′20″E / 58.58306°N 8.57222°E / 58.58306; 8.57222
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictSørlandet
Established1850
 • Preceded byØyestad Municipality
Administrative centreBlakstad
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Inger-Lene Håland (Ap)
Area
 • Total
644.55 km2 (248.86 sq mi)
 • Land601.04 km2 (232.06 sq mi)
 • Water43.51 km2 (16.80 sq mi)  6.8%
 • Rank#176 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
6,174
 • Rank#155 in Norway
 • Density10.3/km2 (27/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +13.8%
DemonymFrolending[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4214[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Froland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Blakstad, which along with Osedalen form the main population center of the municipality. Other villages in Froland include Bøylefoss, Bøylestad, Froland, Frolands verk, Heldalsmo, Hinnebu, Hynnekleiv, Jomås, Lauvrak, Libru, Løvjomås, Mjåvatn, Mjølhus, Mykland, and Risdal.[4]

The 645-square-kilometre (249 sq mi) municipality is the 176th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Froland is the 155th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,174. The municipality's population density is 10.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population has increased by 13.8% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

[edit]
Landscape of Froland
Dam near the Bøylefoss power station
Frolands verk museum

The municipality of Froland was established when it was separated from the municipality of Øyestad in 1850. The new municipality had an initial population of 1,976. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1967, the neighboring municipality of Mykland (population: 604) was merged into the municipality of Froland. The newly enlarged municipality had a population of 3,372. On 1 January 1968, the Flateland area of neighboring Åmli municipality (population: 6) was transferred to Froland.[7]

On 1 January 1970, the two uninhabited areas of Neset and Råbudal were separated from Froland and transferred to neighboring Birkenes municipality. Then on 1 January 1979, the uninhabited Landheia area was transferred from Froland to Birkenes municipality. On 1 January 1991, the Dalen area in Birkenes municipality (population: 60) was transferred from Birkenes to Froland municipality.[7]

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Froland farm (Old Norse: Fróðaland) since the first Froland Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of the male name Fróði. The last element is land which means "land" or "district".[8]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms was granted on 17 January 1986. The official blazon is "Vert, a squirrel sejant erect argent" (Norwegian: I grønt et sølv ekorn). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a squirrel sitting on its haunches with its front paws raised. The squirrel has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The green color in the field and the squirrel was chosen as a symbol for the forests and wildlife in the municipality. The arms were designed by David Rike. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Froland. It is part of the Arendal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Froland
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Froland Froland Church Froland 1718
Mykland Church Mykland 1832

History

[edit]

The iron production facility, Frolands verk, was founded in 1763 and continued in production through 1867. After that the facility became a sawmill. Today the main building from 1791 is a historically protected building, and the old stables are used as a cultural center.

Geography

[edit]

The municipality is bordered on the north by the municipality of Åmli; on the east by Tvedestrand; on the south by Arendal, Grimstad, and Birkenes; and on the west by Evje og Hornnes and Bygland.

The large rivers Nidelva and Tovdalselva both run through Froland. There are also many lakes in Froland, including Homstølvatnet, Nelaug, Nystølfjorden, and Uldalsåna.

Government

[edit]

Froland Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Froland is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Froland kommunestyre 2023–2027 [13]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  The Conservatives (Konservativt) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:19
Froland kommunestyre 2019–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  The Christians Party (Partiet De Kristne) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
Total number of members:19
Froland kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
Total number of members:19
Froland kommunestyre 2011–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
Total number of members:19
Froland kommunestyre 2007–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
Total number of members:17
Froland kommunestyre 2003–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:17
Froland kommunestyre 1999–2003 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Froland kommunestyre 1995–1999 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1991–1995 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1987–1991 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1983–1987 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1979–1983 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1975–1979 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1971–1975 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1967–1971 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Froland kommunestyre 1963–1967 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:17
Froland herredsstyre 1959–1963 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:17
Froland herredsstyre 1955–1959 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:17
Froland herredsstyre 1951–1955 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:16
Froland herredsstyre 1947–1951 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:16
Froland herredsstyre 1945–1947 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:16
Froland herredsstyre 1937–1941* [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:16
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Froland (incomplete list):

  • 1983-2003: Aadne K. Mykland (Ap)
  • 2003-2015: Sigmund Pedersen (Sp)
  • 2015-2023: Ove Gundersen (KrF)
  • 2023-present: Inger-Lene Håland (Ap)[32]

Transportation

[edit]

The Arendalsbanen railway which runs from Nelaug to Arendal connects Froland and Arendal to the railway system in Norway. Blakstad Station is in the municipal centre of Blakstad, Froland Station is located in the village of Froland, and Bøylestad Station is in the village of Bøylestad.

There are also several highways in Froland including the Norwegian National Road 41, Norwegian County Road 408, and Norwegian County Road 413.

Media

[edit]

The newspaper Frolendingen is published in Froland.[33]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Thorsnæs, Geir, ed. (2 November 2017). "Froland". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ a b Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1905). Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt (in Norwegian) (8 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 77.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Froland, Aust-Agder (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  11. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 17 January 1986. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  12. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Aust-Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Første kvinnelige ordfører i Froland". NRK (in Norwegian). 12 September 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  33. ^ Breivik Pettersen, Øyvind, ed. (11 July 2016). "Frolendingen". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  34. ^ "Abel, Niels Henrik" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 01 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 39.
[edit]
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