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There is no name Noyan in any of Central Asian nations
 
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{{other uses}}
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{{More citations needed|date=November 2019}}
'''''Noyan''''' (pl. noyad) was a [[Central Asian]] [[title of authority]] which was used to refer to civil-military leaders of noble ancestry in the Central Asian [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Khanates]] with origins in '''''Noyon''''', which was used as a title of authority in the [[Chagatai Khanate]] of the [[Mongol Empire]]. In modern times, Noyan is used as a [[given name]] or [[surname]] in [[Turkey]] and throughout [[Central Asia]] meaning "the commander-in-chief", "the lord", "the protector".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://charlies-names.com/en/noyan/|title=Noyan}}</ref>
'''''Noyan''''' (pl. noyad), or '''''Toyon''''', was a [[Central Asian]] [[title of authority]] which was used to refer to civil-military leaders of noble ancestry in the [[History of Central Asia|Central Asian Khanates]] with origins in '''''Noyon''''', which was used as a title of authority in the [[Chagatai Khanate]] of the [[Mongol Empire]]. In modern times, Noyan is used as a [[given name]] or [[surname]] in Asia meaning "the lord", "the prince", "the protector", "the commander-in-chief".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://charlies-names.com/en/noyan/|title=Noyan}}</ref>


==Pre-Genghisid period==
==Pre-Genghisid period==
Initially, Noyan was a title for chieftains of mongolian nomad communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/noyan-SIM_5959?lang=en |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition}}</ref>
Initially, Noyan was a title for chieftains of Mongolian nomad communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/noyan-SIM_5959?lang=en |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|date=24 April 2012 }}</ref>


==Mongol Empire==
==Mongol Empire and successor states==
[[File:Geikhatu interrogeant Shingtûr Nuyân.jpeg|thumb|upright|Shiktur (center), Noyan during the Persian Ilkhanate]]

In the army of [[Genghis Khan]] the term "''Noyon"'' applied to leaders of ''[[Tumen (unit)|Tumen]]s'' and ''[[Mingghan]]s'', social-military units<ref name="SneathCambridge)2007">{{cite book|last=Sneath|first=David|title=The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, & Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgLICgAAQBAJ&q=%22the+term+noyan+%28plural+noyad%29+was+considered+equivalent+to+the+Arab+and+Persian+emir%2C+and+the+minggan+were+civil+as+much+as+military+units+ruled+by+their+noyans%22&pg=PT128|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14054-6|page=114}}</ref> of 10,000 and 1,000 households respectively, each of them with one recruitable soldier. During conquests, ''Noyons'' used to receive territories for administration and they effectively became aristocracy, into the 20th century. ''Noyons'' were above the ordinary Mongols in social rank but below the descendants of [[Genghis Khan]]. They were sometimes called [[emir]] or [[bey]] in the [[Ulus of Jochi]], the [[Ilkhanate]] and the [[Chagatai Khanate]] while historical records of the [[Yuan dynasty]] of China gave the equivalent as ''guanren'' (官人), since their main task was waging warfare.
Under [[Genghis Khan]] the term "''Noyon"'' applied to leaders of ''[[Tumen (unit)|Tumen]]s'' and ''[[Mingghan]]s'', social-military units of 10,000 and 1,000 households respectively, each of them with one recruitable soldier. In times of peace the ''Noyons'' ruled as lords over these households and governed the use of the pasture lands. In times of war they led the warriors of their Tumens and Mingghans.<ref name="SneathCambridge)2007">{{cite book|last=Sneath|first=David|title=The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, & Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgLICgAAQBAJ&q=%22the+term+noyan+%28plural+noyad%29+was+considered+equivalent+to+the+Arab+and+Persian+emir%2C+and+the+minggan+were+civil+as+much+as+military+units+ruled+by+their+noyans%22&pg=PT128|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14054-6|page=114}}</ref> During conquests, ''Noyons'' used to receive territories for administration and they effectively became aristocracy, into the 20th century. ''Noyons'' were above the ordinary Mongols in social rank but below the descendants of [[Genghis Khan]]. They were sometimes called [[emir]] or [[bey]] in the [[Ulus of Jochi]], the [[Ilkhanate]] and the [[Chagatai Khanate]] while historical records of the [[Yuan dynasty]] of China gave the equivalent as ''guanren'' (官人).


Usually, "Noyon" followed the name of a person similar to the usage of the title "Khan" or "Bey".
Usually, "Noyon" followed the name of a person similar to the usage of the title "Khan" or "Bey".
{{clear}}


==Qing dynasty==
==Qing dynasty==
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==Notable Noyons==
==Notable Noyons==
*[[Qarachar Barlas]]
*[[Qubilai Barlas]]
*[[Ichil Barlas]]
*[[Baiju Noyan|Baiju]]
*[[Baiju Noyan|Baiju]]
*[[Chormaqan]]
*[[Chormaqan]]
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*[[Subutai]]
*[[Subutai]]
*[[Dulduityn Danzanravjaa]] (the Fifth Noyon Khutagt)
*[[Dulduityn Danzanravjaa]] (the Fifth Noyon Khutagt)
*[[Muqali]]
*[[Boroldai]]*
*[[Taghachar]]*


==Notes==
==Notes==
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[[Category:Positions of authority]]
[[Category:Positions of authority]]
[[Category:Men's social titles]]
[[Category:Men's social titles]]
[[Category:Mongol Empire]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty]]

Latest revision as of 00:50, 29 October 2024

For other uses, see Noyan (disambiguation).

Noyan (pl. noyad), or Toyon, was a Central Asian title of authority which was used to refer to civil-military leaders of noble ancestry in the Central Asian Khanates with origins in Noyon, which was used as a title of authority in the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire. In modern times, Noyan is used as a given name or surname in Asia meaning "the lord", "the prince", "the protector", "the commander-in-chief".[1]

Pre-Genghisid period

[edit]

Initially, Noyan was a title for chieftains of Mongolian nomad communities.[2]

Mongol Empire and successor states

[edit]
Shiktur (center), Noyan during the Persian Ilkhanate

Under Genghis Khan the term "Noyon" applied to leaders of Tumens and Mingghans, social-military units of 10,000 and 1,000 households respectively, each of them with one recruitable soldier. In times of peace the Noyons ruled as lords over these households and governed the use of the pasture lands. In times of war they led the warriors of their Tumens and Mingghans.[3] During conquests, Noyons used to receive territories for administration and they effectively became aristocracy, into the 20th century. Noyons were above the ordinary Mongols in social rank but below the descendants of Genghis Khan. They were sometimes called emir or bey in the Ulus of Jochi, the Ilkhanate and the Chagatai Khanate while historical records of the Yuan dynasty of China gave the equivalent as guanren (官人).

Usually, "Noyon" followed the name of a person similar to the usage of the title "Khan" or "Bey".

Qing dynasty

[edit]
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren, also called "Good Noyan Khan Namnansuren" in the Mongolian language

The Qing dynasty of China, which ruled Mongolia from 1694 to 1911, entrusted rule in Mongolia to the descendants of Genghis Khan, who were also called Noyon. The term Noyon in this epoch acquired the connotation of nobleman, since Mongolia was mostly at peace. After 1921 the word Darga (boss) replaced the aristocratic Noyon as the term for officials.[4]

Modern Mongolia

[edit]

In modern Mongolian, the word is used as a form of address similar to "Mister" or "Monsieur".

Religious context

[edit]

In the mongolian shamanism and folk religion the Noyad are a class of local spirits. They are regarded as descendants of gods or clan elders.[5]

Noyon is also used as an honorary title in mongolian buddhism for the incarnation line of the Noyon Khutagt.

Notable Noyons

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Noyan".
  2. ^ "Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition". 24 April 2012.
  3. ^ Sneath, David (2007). The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, & Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia. Columbia University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-231-14054-6.
  4. ^ C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia, p.412
  5. ^ "Krystyna Marie Chabros (1991): A Mongol procedure for the management of energy: the 'dalalya' ritual and its texts, p.82" (PDF).
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