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{{Short description|Bulgarian scientist and politician}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
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{{Multiple issues|
{{POV|date=September 2016}}
{{POV|date=September 2016}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Solomon Isaac Passy <br /> д-р Соломон Исак Паси
| name = Solomon Passy
| native_name = {{Nobold|Соломон Паси}}
| honorific-prefix = '''Dr.'''
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name_lang = bg
| image = Solomon Isaac Passy 2.jpg
| image = Defense.gov News Photo 050325-D-2987S-040.jpg
| caption = Archive of the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria
| caption = Passy in 2005
| office1 = [[National Assembly (Bulgaria)|Member of the National Assembly]]
| constituency_MP =
| parliament =
| term_start1 = 11 July 2005
| primeminister =
| term_end1 = 25 June 2009
| majority =
| constituency1 = [[2nd MMC - Burgas]]
| party = [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|UDF]] (1989-2001){{citation needed|date=February 2017}}<br />[[National Movement for Stability and Progress|NMSP]] (2001-2014)
| office2 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start2 = 24 July 2001
{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
| term_start =
| term_end2 = 17 August 2005
| primeminister2 = [[Simeon Sakskoburggotski]]
| term_end =
| predecessor2 = [[Nadezhda Neynsky|Nadezhda Mihaylova]]
| predecessor = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number -->
| successor2 = [[Ivaylo Kalfin]]
| successor = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number -->
| citizenship = [[Bulgaria]] [[Azerbaijan]]
| office3 = [[Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria|Member of the 7th Grand National Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 10 July 1990
| term_end3 = 2 October 1991
| predecessor3 = ''Position established''
| successor3 = ''Position abolished''
| party = [[NDSV]]
| otherparty = [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|SDS]] (until 2001)
| nationality = [[Bulgarian nationality law|Bulgarian]]
| nationality = [[Bulgarian nationality law|Bulgarian]]
| birth_name = Solomon Isaac Passy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|12|22|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|12|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Plovdiv]]
| birth_place = [[Plovdiv]], [[People’s Republic of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Binka Peeva|1981|2007|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Gergana Grancharova|2009|}}
}}
| children = 3
| relatives = [[Isaac Passy]] (father)
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
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<!--[[Image:Evstafiev-solomon-passy.jpg|thumb|right|Solomon Passy]] -->
<!--[[Image:Evstafiev-solomon-passy.jpg|thumb|right|Solomon Passy]] -->
'''Solomon Isaac Passy''' ({{lang-bg|Соломон Исак Паси}}) (born 22 December 1956) is a Bulgarian scientist, politician, and innovator, founder and President of the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria (since 1990), [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria)|Foreign Minister]] in the 2001-2005 [[Sakskoburggotski Government|Government]] , Chairman-in-Office of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE) in 2004. He represented Bulgaria at [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] and was its Chairman (September 2002 and December 2003), and was nominated by Bulgaria for Secretary General of NATO (2009).
'''Solomon Isaac Passy''' ({{langx|bg|Соломон Исак Паси}}; born 22 December 1956) is a Bulgarian scientist and politician. According to Alpha Research, he is the most recognized Bulgarian of Jewish descent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-05 |title=49% от българите не са наясно какво е антисемитизъм |url=https://www.segabg.com/node/211520 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=СЕГА |language=bg}}</ref>


Currently, he is Chief Governance & Compliance Officer in EPIX.AI,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solomon Passy, PhD - EPIX.AI |url=https://www.epix.ai/team/solomon-passy |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=www.epix.ai |language=en}}</ref> a company working on improving human health and extending people’s healthspan through [[epigenetics]] and [[artificial intelligence]], and Chairman of the Advisory board of M3 Communications,<ref>{{Cite web |title=M3 Communications Group, Inc. - The PR Experts |url=https://www.m3bg.com/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=www.m3bg.com |language=en}}</ref> a professional public relations and marketing company headed by [[Maxim Behar]].
Passy served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Committees on Foreign Affairs (2005-2009) and Foreign Affairs, Defense and Security (2001). He was a Member of Parliament in three legislations (1990-1991, 2001-2005, 2005–2009) and the first CEE Vice-President of the [[Atlantic Treaty Association]] (ATA), Paris (1996-1999) and Chair of the Transparency and Accountability Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of OSCE (2006-2009).

In the 1980s Passy was active in anti-establishment and pro-democratic movements. He holds a [[Ph.D.]] in mathematical logic, entitling him to the honorific title Dr Passy, and was a computer scientist at Sofia University and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1979-1994). Passy and his wife Gergana are co-authors of the EU Universal USB charger for GSM (2008-2014) and he is a pioneer of Bulgaria's Antarctic presence and membership in the Antarctic Treaty.

== Early life and education==
Solomon Passy was born in [[Plovdiv]] to a Bulgarian [[Jewish]] family, rescued during [[World War II]] from being sent to a Nazi concentration camp. He is the son of Bulgarian [[philosopher]] Prof. [[Isaac Passy]] and physician, inventor and endocrinologist Lily Passy. He is a [[mathematician]] and holds a Ph.D. (1985) in Mathematical Logic and Computer Science from [[Sofia University]]. In the 1980s he was involved in the dissident movements opposing the communist regime.


==Career and politics==
==Career and politics==
In 1990 Passy became the founding President and CEO of the [[Atlantic Club of Bulgaria]] (ACB), the only NGO operating within Warsaw Pact countries vocally advocating its dissolution, and the accession of New Europe to NATO and the EU. He also co-founded the [[Green Party of Bulgaria|Green Party]] serving as its spokesman (1989), the [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]] (1989), the Club for Support of Glasnost and Perestroika of [[Zhelyu Zhelev]] (1989), as well as the [[National Movement for Stability and Progress|National Movement Simeon II]] (2001).


===The Berlin Wall era===
===The Berlin Wall era===
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Passy and others founded the ACB, which was succeeded by dozens of other Atlantic NGOs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Asia, and Africa. The logo of the Atlantic Club – the NATO compass rose encircled by the 12 EU stars – became the symbol of unity of the Euro-Atlantic area adopted by number of the emerging Atlantic NGOs.
Passy and others founded the ACB, which was succeeded by dozens of other Atlantic NGOs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Asia, and Africa. The logo of the Atlantic Club – the NATO compass rose encircled by the 12 EU stars – became the symbol of unity of the Euro-Atlantic area adopted by number of the emerging Atlantic NGOs.


In November 1990 the ACB founders led by Passy made the first visit of an East European delegation to NATO HQ by invitation of NATO SG Manfred Wörner and the US Permanent Representative to NATO Ambassador William Taft IV, who supported the Bulgarian idea to establish ACB on a Warsaw Pact territory.<ref>http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_6.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=January 2022}}</ref> Subsequently, the Bulgarian know-how was replicated in a joint statement by US Secretary of State James Baker and the Foreign Minister of Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher in May 1991 who advocated the creation of Atlantic councils in other Warsaw Pact countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlantic-club.org/index.php?en_history|title = НАЧАЛО}}</ref>
In November 1990 the ACB founders led by Passy made the first visit of an East European delegation to NATO HQ by invitation of NATO SG Manfred Wörner and the US Permanent Representative to NATO Ambassador William Taft IV, who supported the Bulgarian idea to establish ACB on a Warsaw Pact territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_6.pdf|title=Article|language=bg
|website=solomonpassy.com|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref> Subsequently, the Bulgarian know-how was replicated in a joint statement by US Secretary of State James Baker and the Foreign Minister of Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher in May 1991 who advocated the creation of Atlantic councils in other Warsaw Pact countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlantic-club.org/index.php?en_history|title = НАЧАЛО| date=26 October 2021 }}</ref>


In June 1991 NATO SG Manfred Wörner agreed to be "kidnapped" in Sofia by Solomon Passy in his East German car Trabant.<ref>[http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_200.jpg http://vbox7.com/play:1f42fb1e3c]</ref><ref>http://solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_12.pdf Bulgarian press article</ref> Manfred Wörner became a supporter of ACB and personally endorsed in 1992 ACB's accession as first CEE member of ATA. ACB erected a monument in Sofia of him in 1996, which was inaugurated by his successor Javier Solana.<ref>[http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_orig_667.jpg http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_16.pdf]</ref>
In June 1991 NATO SG Manfred Wörner agreed to be "kidnapped" in Sofia by Solomon Passy in his East German car Trabant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_200.jpg|title=Photo|website=solomonpassy.com|accessdate=18 July 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_12.pdf Bulgarian press article] solomonpassy.com</ref> Manfred Wörner became a supporter of ACB and personally endorsed in 1992 ACB's accession as first CEE member of ATA. ACB erected a monument in Sofia of him in 1996, which was inaugurated by his successor [[Javier Solana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_orig_667.jpg|title=Photo|website=solomonpassy.com|accessdate=18 July 2023}}</ref>


For 14 years Solomon Passy worked on Bulgaria's membership of NATO, which was finalized on April 2, 2004 when Minister Passy raised the Bulgarian flag over NATO HQ in Brussels.<ref>[http://www.vbox7.com/play:b2a2503b09 http://www.vbox7.com/play:4ac0da43]</ref>
For 14 years Solomon Passy worked on Bulgaria's membership of NATO, which was finalized on 2 April 2004 when Minister Passy raised the Bulgarian flag over NATO HQ in Brussels.<ref>[http://www.vbox7.com/play:b2a2503b09 Photo] vbox7.com</ref>


Passy co-authored the bill concerning Bulgaria’s membership in the EU, adopted by the Grand National Assembly in December 1990. He negotiated as Foreign Minister the EU Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and signed it on April 25, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eu2005.lu/en/calendrier/2005/04/25bg-ro/|title=Luxembourg Presidency - Signing of the Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union - 25 April 2005}}</ref> The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet was adopted as the third official EU alphabet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/section/languages-culture/news/cyrillic-alphabet-makes-first-appearance-on-euro-notes/|title = Cyrillic alphabet makes first appearance on euro notes|date = 11 January 2013}}</ref>
Passy co-authored the bill concerning Bulgaria’s membership in the EU, adopted by the Grand National Assembly in December 1990. He negotiated as Foreign Minister the EU Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and signed it on 25 April 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eu2005.lu/en/calendrier/2005/04/25bg-ro/|title=Luxembourg Presidency - Signing of the Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union - 25 April 2005}}</ref> The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet was adopted as the third official EU alphabet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/section/languages-culture/news/cyrillic-alphabet-makes-first-appearance-on-euro-notes/|title = Cyrillic alphabet makes first appearance on euro notes|date = 11 January 2013}}</ref>


In September 1990 Passy became co-author of the draft of the Parliamentary Bill for Bulgaria's participation in the US-led coalition that liberated Kuwait from Saddam Hussein's occupation.<ref>http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_10.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=January 2022}}</ref>
In September 1990 Passy became co-author of the draft of the Parliamentary Bill for Bulgaria's participation in the US-led coalition that liberated Kuwait from Saddam Hussein's occupation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/bg/filepath_10.pdf
|title=Document|language=bg|website=solomonpassy.com|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref>


Passy proposed in 2003 the creation of joint US-Bulgarian defense facilities in Bulgaria - a project he ratified in 2006 as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Parliamentary Committee.
Passy proposed in 2003 the creation of joint US-Bulgarian defense facilities in Bulgaria - a project he ratified in 2006 as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Parliamentary Committee.

===Global affairs===
In 2001 Bulgaria was elected for rotational member of the UN Security Council (2002-2003); Passy represented Bulgaria on UNSC and chaired the Council in September 2002 and December 2003.

In 2004 Passy became the OSCE Chairman-in-Office. During his chairmanship the frozen conflict in Ajaria (Georgia) was solved, and Mongolia joined OSCE network.

Passy, Joschka Fischer, and Colin Powell hosted the OSCE Berlin Conference on Antisemitism (April 2004).

While Passy was part of King Simeon's Government, constructive and pragmatic relations with Russia were formed, following 45 years of de facto Soviet occupation of Bulgaria.<ref>http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_668.jpg Link</ref> Bilateral relations with China and India were refreshed and the Bulgarian diplomatic network with the Arab countries restored.

See also: [http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_7.pdf Dr. Solomon Passy and China], [http://solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_8.pdf Dr. Solomon Passy: Central Asia, Caucasus and Post-Soviet Space (as CiO of the OSCE – 2004)], and [http://solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_9.pdf Memorandum about Relationships between the Holy See and the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria].

===Mediation and diplomatic action===
As Minister, Passy was responsible for the strategy of the EU-US-BG negotiating Troika with Libya’s dictator col. Gaddafi for the successful release (July 2007) of six Bulgarian medics held by Libya as hostages in 1999.

On behalf of the Western Allies Passy, as MP, undertook successful mediation missions in North Korea (July–August 2007), which eventually contributed to the destruction of the cooling tower for heavy water at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center (North Korea) - agreed upon the Six-Party Talks in 27–30 September 2007 - and to Summit meeting between North and South Korea. He mediated for the release of US citizen collaborators of George Soros detained in Iran in May 2007.

In 2007 Passy assumed a one-year assignment as an advisor to the Macedonian Government on NATO accession. In 2008 the Bucharest Summit of NATO agreed on Macedonia's membership of NATO, conditional on resolving the bilateral dispute with Greece.

In 2008 the government of Bulgaria nominated Solomon for Secretary General of NATO.


===Globalization of Bulgaria===
===Globalization of Bulgaria===
ACB is the first non-NATO NGO invited to join the [[Atlantic Treaty Association]], in 1992. Passy is the first non-NATO Vice-President of ATA (1996-1999). Bulgaria is the first non-NATO member state to host an ATA General Assembly (1997).
ACB is the first non-NATO NGO invited to join the [[Atlantic Treaty Association]], in 1992. Passy is the first non-NATO Vice-President of ATA (1996-1999). Bulgaria is the first non-NATO member state to host an ATA General Assembly (1997).


Passy and ACB in November 1994, invited Pope John Paul II to Bulgaria.<ref>http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_633.jpg {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref> The visit, the first papal visit to Bulgaria, took place in 2002 when Passy was Foreign Minister; the Pope announced in Sofia that Bulgaria – contrary to widespread allegations — had not been involved in the 1981 attempt to assassinate the Pope.<ref>http://atlantic-club.org/content/articles/publications/201606_Memorandum_ACB-Holy-See_Newest.pdf [http://solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=37 Link2]</ref>
Passy and ACB in November 1994, invited Pope John Paul II to Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite web|title=Photo|website=solomonpassy.com|access-date=18 July 2023
|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_633.jpg}}</ref> The visit, the first papal visit to Bulgaria, took place in 2002 when Passy was Foreign Minister; the Pope announced in Sofia that Bulgaria – contrary to widespread allegations — had not been involved in the 1981 attempt to assassinate the Pope.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=37|title=Галерия - Соломон Паси
|website=www.solomonpassy.com|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref>


Passy co-chaired the host committee of the ACB-Tibetan Friendship Society for the visit to Bulgaria of the [[XIV Dalai Lama]] of Tibet in October 1991.<ref>http://solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=41 [http://facetibet.com/177/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F-4-5-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82] {{cite web |url=http://www.dalailama.com/biography/travels/1990---1999 |title=Travels: 1990 - 1999 &#124; the Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama |accessdate=30 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209220552/http://www.dalailama.com/biography/travels/1990---1999 |archivedate=9 February 2014 }}</ref>
Passy co-chaired the host committee of the ACB-Tibetan Friendship Society for the visit to Bulgaria of the [[XIV Dalai Lama]] of Tibet in October 1991.<ref>[http://solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=41 Photos] solomonpassy.com</ref><ref>[http://facetibet.com/177/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F-4-5-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82 Photo] {{dead link|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Travels: 1990 - 1999 &#124; the Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama |url=http://www.dalailama.com/biography/travels/1990---1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209220552/http://www.dalailama.com/biography/travels/1990---1999 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref>


Passy's ACB hosted Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew in 1993,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=45|title = Галерия - Соломон Паси}}</ref> subsequent dialogue between the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Vatican eventually made the Bulgarian visit of Pope John Paul II possible.
Passy's ACB hosted Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew in 1993,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/photos.php?gall_id=45|title = Галерия - Соломон Паси}}</ref> subsequent dialogue between the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Vatican eventually made the Bulgarian visit of Pope John Paul II possible.

In 1999 Passy became co-chair of the Host Committee for the first US presidential visit to Bulgaria, by [[President Bill Clinton]].<ref>http://vbox7.com/play:6809b4cdd5 Link1], [http://vbox7.com/play:52ca4db1] [http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_634.jpg</ref>


In 1993 Passy and ACB were involved in establishing the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute and the annual Antarctic Expedition as part of the national Antarctic Program. Bulgaria became the 28th Consultative Party to the [[Antarctic Treaty]] in 1998.
In 1993 Passy and ACB were involved in establishing the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute and the annual Antarctic Expedition as part of the national Antarctic Program. Bulgaria became the 28th Consultative Party to the [[Antarctic Treaty]] in 1998.


In 1999 Passy became co-chair of the Host Committee for the first US presidential visit to Bulgaria, by [[President Bill Clinton]].<ref>[http://vbox7.com/play:6809b4cdd5 Video] vbox7.com {{better source|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://vbox7.com/play:52ca4db1 Video] vbox7.com {{better source|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/gallery/photo_big_634.jpg Photo] solomonpassy.com {{better source|date=July 2023}}</ref>
===Futuristic visions===
In 2007 Solomon Passy visited China by invitation of the Chinese Parliament and launched the creation of NATO-China Council and membership of China in OSCE.

In 2007 during a visit to Lhasa (Tibet) Passy launched the Theory of e-Democracy ([http://www.atlantic-club.org/content/articles/publications/2007-11-24_-_en.pdf Link]): a computerized simulator replacing elections and manned governments by optimizational algorithms guaranteeing sustainable increase of quality of life.


===Scientific===
===Scientific===
Solomon Passy holds a PhD (1985) and M.Sc. (1979) in Mathematical Logic and Computer Sciences from Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski.
Solomon Passy holds a PhD (1985) and MSc (1979) in Mathematical Logic and Computer Sciences from Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski.

He has published dozens of [[academic paper]]s on mathematical logic and computer sciences. The Combinatory Dynamic Logic (Modal Logic with Nominals) was developed in Bulgaria by Solomon Passy and Professors Tinko Tinchev, George Gargov, [[Valentin Goranko]], and Dimitar Vakarelov.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_10.pdf |title=Dr. Solomon Passy and Combinatory Dynamic Logic
|website=solomonpassy.com|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref> Solomon’s scientific publications from 1980-1990s are widely cited.<ref>[https://scholar.google.bg/citations?hl=bg&user=5ET4xTIAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Google Scholar profile]</ref>

Mr. Passy is the initiator of the STEAM and Space festival “HELLO SPACE | Bulgaria Calling!”. Its first edition was in 2021, and since then, it has become an annual event. The initiative is organized by the STEAM & Space Cluster and coordinated by the [[Atlantic Club of Bulgaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=HELLO SPACE {{!}} Bulgaria/ EU calling |url=https://2021.hello-space.eu/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=2021.hello-space.eu}}</ref>


In the first edition of the festival, a live chat with two astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) – [[Mark T. Vande Hei|Mark Vande Hei]] (NASA) and [[Thomas Pesquet]] (ESA) took place, while in 2022 there was a live connection with the first astronaut mother from NASA - [[Anna Lee Fisher]]. In 2023 Bulgarian students and children had the opportunity to watch a live presentation from [[Swati Mohan|Dr. Swati Mohan]], an aerospace engineer who also served as the Guidance and Controls Operations Lead for the NASA Mars 2020 mission.
He has published dozens of [[academic paper]]s on mathematical logic and computer sciences. The Combinatory Dynamic Logic (Modal Logic with Nominals) was developed in Bulgaria by Solomon Passy and Professors Tinko Tinchev, George Gargov, [[Valentin Goranko]], and Dimitar Vakarelov.<ref>http://www.solomonpassy.com/uploads/articles/en/filepath_10.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=January 2022}}</ref> Solomon’s scientific publications from 1980-1990s are widely cited.<ref>https://scholar.google.bg/citations?hl=bg&user=5ET4xTIAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Google Scholar profile</ref>


The festival includes diverse activities, such as a visual flight by Nikolay Kalaydzhiey, a world record holder, a virtual tour of CERN, demonstrations by the Special Operations Forces and inspirational lectures by scientists and experts, workshops, interactive exhibits, and scientific experiments on open air.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Program |url=https://2023.hello-space.eu/program.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=2023.hello-space.eu}}</ref>
Today Solomon is a frequent commentator on international affairs, defense and security, and innovations for national and world media.
==Awards==


The project's primary goal is to inspire young minds, fostering their curiosity in STEM fields and space exploration, while also nurturing their artistic talents by hosting a range of competitions with prizes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-29 |title=Фестивалът "Ало, космос" вдъхновява с теми, насочени ĸъм Космоса и Вселената |url=https://euronewsbulgaria.com/news/16028/festivalut-alo-kosmos-vduhnovyava-s-temi-nasocheni-um-kosmosa-i-vselenata |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=euronewsbulgaria.com |language=en}}</ref>
* The Peak Passy on Livingstone Island (Antarctica) is named after Dr. Passy in recognition of his contribution to Bulgaria's Antarctic presence.
* Badge of Honor “Bulgaria-NATO” 1st Degree (2014), awarded by the Minister of Defense of Bulgaria
* Worthy Bulgarians Award (along with his wife Gergana), for their idea for a common USB charger for the GSM in EU (2010)
* Doctor Honoris Causa of the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" in Blagoevgrad (2005)
* Honorary citizen of the State of Texas (2004) and the State of Nebraska (2019)
* Honorary citizen of the town of Nedelino (2003)
* Event of the Year, awarded about the invitation for the accession of Bulgaria to NATO (2002)


==Views==
===International State Awards===
===Arab-Israeli conflict===
{|
Solomon Passy is Jewish and expresses pride in his personal relations with four Israeli presidents.<ref name=toi>{{cite news |title=Israel in the EU and NATO? It's not so crazy, says former Bulgarian FM |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-should-more-aggressively-seek-nato-eu-memberships-says-former-bulgarian-fm/ |publisher=Times of Israel |date=8 July 2012}}</ref> In 2003, Passy canceled a scheduled meeting with Palestinian leader [[Yasser Arafat]] at Israel's request.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bulgarian FM Nixes Meeting With Arafat|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2003-05-28/ty-article/bulgarian-fm-nixes-meeting-with-arafat/0000017f-f65d-ddde-abff-fe7db6750000}}</ref>
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Grande ufficiale OSSI medal BAR.svg|width=60}}
|[[Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity]] (Grand Cross), Italy, 2006
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg|width=60}}
|[[Order of Isabella the Catholic|Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic]] (Grand Cross), Spain, 2006
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=BEL Order of Leopold II - Grand Cross BAR.png|width=60}}
|[[Order of Leopold II]] (Grand Cross), Belgium, 2004
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Order of Civil Merit (Spain) GC.svg|width=60}}
|[[Order of Civil Merit]] (Grand Cross), Spain, 2003
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR.png|width=60}}
|[[Order of Prince Henry]] (Grand Cross), Portugal, 2002
|}


In 2012, Passy proposed Israel join both [[NATO]] and [[EU]].<ref name=toi/> In 2013, Passy urged [[Western world|the West]] to conduct military strikes against Syria "even in the absence of agreement at the UN Security Council."<ref>{{cite news |title=Solomon Passy: Strike on Syria - the Sooner, the Better, for Bulgaria Too - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency |url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/153214/ |work=www.novinite.com |date=August 28, 2013}}</ref>
===Boardships===
* Board of Directors, American Chamber of Commerce in Bulgaria (2011–present)
* Board of Trustees, AUBG, American University in Bulgaria (2006-2015)
* Board of Trustees, Member of the Burgas Free University (2006–present)


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Solomon and Gergana Passy have four children from their three marriages. The Passys run a consulting business.
Solomon and Gergana Passy have four children from their three marriages. The Passys run a consulting business Passy Experience Ltd., serving governmental and corporate clients from various sectors of business: pharmaceuticals, agriculture, nuclear energy, heavy industries, defense. Solomon Passy is a partner in a start-up company developing iSOSu mobile application along with an Indian partner, [https://web.archive.org/web/20171109115838/http://www.asadeltech.com/ ASADEL Technologies Pvt. Ltd.], for the Indian and global markets and other innovations.


==See also==
==See also==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Solomon Passy}}
{{commons category|Solomon Passy}}
For personal and family details:
* [http://SolomonPassy.com Personal website]
* [http://SolomonPassy.com Personal website]
For business and public activities:
* [http://Atlantic-Club.org The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria]
* [http://DigitalAlliance.bg Digital National Alliance]
* [http://ADN.bg Atlantic Digital Network]
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{{s-start}}
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[[Category:Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Bulgarian philosophers]]
[[Category:21st-century Bulgarian philosophers]]

Latest revision as of 03:09, 29 October 2024

Solomon Passy
Соломон Паси
Passy in 2005
Member of the National Assembly
In office
11 July 2005 – 25 June 2009
Constituency2nd MMC - Burgas
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
24 July 2001 – 17 August 2005
Prime MinisterSimeon Sakskoburggotski
Preceded byNadezhda Mihaylova
Succeeded byIvaylo Kalfin
Member of the 7th Grand National Assembly
In office
10 July 1990 – 2 October 1991
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal details
Born
Solomon Isaac Passy

(1956-12-22) 22 December 1956 (age 67)
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Political partyNDSV
Other political
affiliations		SDS (until 2001)
Spouses
Binka Peeva
​
​
(m. 1981; div. 2007)​
Gergana Grancharova
​
(m. 2009)​
Children3
RelativesIsaac Passy (father)

Solomon Isaac Passy (Bulgarian: Соломон Исак Паси; born 22 December 1956) is a Bulgarian scientist and politician. According to Alpha Research, he is the most recognized Bulgarian of Jewish descent.[1]

Currently, he is Chief Governance & Compliance Officer in EPIX.AI,[2] a company working on improving human health and extending people’s healthspan through epigenetics and artificial intelligence, and Chairman of the Advisory board of M3 Communications,[3] a professional public relations and marketing company headed by Maxim Behar.

Career and politics

[edit]

The Berlin Wall era

[edit]

In the 1980s Passy was an activist of various opposition, underground and ecological movements opposing communism, including in defense of the oppressed Turkish minority in Bulgaria; in solidarity with them he assumed the Turkish pseudonym Syuleyman Tehlikeli when publishing mathematical papers and graphics art in the 1980s.[4]

He attended the Solidarity Trade Union Congress in Gdansk in the fall of 1981. In May 1987 Passy was the co-host-organizer of the first public opposition happening in Sofia University.[5] After his efforts in communist Bulgaria, in 1990-1991, as MP in the Grand National Assembly, he co-authored the first democratic Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria and tabled the bill for abolishment of the death penalty in Bulgaria.

Atlantic and European integration

[edit]

In August 1990 Passy, as a Member of Parliament, appealed to the Grand National Assembly and drafted the Parliamentary Bill for the withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact and Bulgaria's accession to NATO.

Passy and others founded the ACB, which was succeeded by dozens of other Atlantic NGOs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Asia, and Africa. The logo of the Atlantic Club – the NATO compass rose encircled by the 12 EU stars – became the symbol of unity of the Euro-Atlantic area adopted by number of the emerging Atlantic NGOs.

In November 1990 the ACB founders led by Passy made the first visit of an East European delegation to NATO HQ by invitation of NATO SG Manfred Wörner and the US Permanent Representative to NATO Ambassador William Taft IV, who supported the Bulgarian idea to establish ACB on a Warsaw Pact territory.[6] Subsequently, the Bulgarian know-how was replicated in a joint statement by US Secretary of State James Baker and the Foreign Minister of Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher in May 1991 who advocated the creation of Atlantic councils in other Warsaw Pact countries.[7]

In June 1991 NATO SG Manfred Wörner agreed to be "kidnapped" in Sofia by Solomon Passy in his East German car Trabant.[8][9] Manfred Wörner became a supporter of ACB and personally endorsed in 1992 ACB's accession as first CEE member of ATA. ACB erected a monument in Sofia of him in 1996, which was inaugurated by his successor Javier Solana.[10]

For 14 years Solomon Passy worked on Bulgaria's membership of NATO, which was finalized on 2 April 2004 when Minister Passy raised the Bulgarian flag over NATO HQ in Brussels.[11]

Passy co-authored the bill concerning Bulgaria’s membership in the EU, adopted by the Grand National Assembly in December 1990. He negotiated as Foreign Minister the EU Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and signed it on 25 April 2005.[12] The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet was adopted as the third official EU alphabet.[13]

In September 1990 Passy became co-author of the draft of the Parliamentary Bill for Bulgaria's participation in the US-led coalition that liberated Kuwait from Saddam Hussein's occupation.[14]

Passy proposed in 2003 the creation of joint US-Bulgarian defense facilities in Bulgaria - a project he ratified in 2006 as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Parliamentary Committee.

Globalization of Bulgaria

[edit]

ACB is the first non-NATO NGO invited to join the Atlantic Treaty Association, in 1992. Passy is the first non-NATO Vice-President of ATA (1996-1999). Bulgaria is the first non-NATO member state to host an ATA General Assembly (1997).

Passy and ACB in November 1994, invited Pope John Paul II to Bulgaria.[15] The visit, the first papal visit to Bulgaria, took place in 2002 when Passy was Foreign Minister; the Pope announced in Sofia that Bulgaria – contrary to widespread allegations — had not been involved in the 1981 attempt to assassinate the Pope.[16]

Passy co-chaired the host committee of the ACB-Tibetan Friendship Society for the visit to Bulgaria of the XIV Dalai Lama of Tibet in October 1991.[17][18][19]

Passy's ACB hosted Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew in 1993,[20] subsequent dialogue between the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the Vatican eventually made the Bulgarian visit of Pope John Paul II possible.

In 1993 Passy and ACB were involved in establishing the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute and the annual Antarctic Expedition as part of the national Antarctic Program. Bulgaria became the 28th Consultative Party to the Antarctic Treaty in 1998.

In 1999 Passy became co-chair of the Host Committee for the first US presidential visit to Bulgaria, by President Bill Clinton.[21][22][23]

Scientific

[edit]

Solomon Passy holds a PhD (1985) and MSc (1979) in Mathematical Logic and Computer Sciences from Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski.

He has published dozens of academic papers on mathematical logic and computer sciences. The Combinatory Dynamic Logic (Modal Logic with Nominals) was developed in Bulgaria by Solomon Passy and Professors Tinko Tinchev, George Gargov, Valentin Goranko, and Dimitar Vakarelov.[24] Solomon’s scientific publications from 1980-1990s are widely cited.[25]

Mr. Passy is the initiator of the STEAM and Space festival “HELLO SPACE | Bulgaria Calling!”. Its first edition was in 2021, and since then, it has become an annual event. The initiative is organized by the STEAM & Space Cluster and coordinated by the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria.[26]

In the first edition of the festival, a live chat with two astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) – Mark Vande Hei (NASA) and Thomas Pesquet (ESA) took place, while in 2022 there was a live connection with the first astronaut mother from NASA - Anna Lee Fisher. In 2023 Bulgarian students and children had the opportunity to watch a live presentation from Dr. Swati Mohan, an aerospace engineer who also served as the Guidance and Controls Operations Lead for the NASA Mars 2020 mission.

The festival includes diverse activities, such as a visual flight by Nikolay Kalaydzhiey, a world record holder, a virtual tour of CERN, demonstrations by the Special Operations Forces and inspirational lectures by scientists and experts, workshops, interactive exhibits, and scientific experiments on open air.[27]

The project's primary goal is to inspire young minds, fostering their curiosity in STEM fields and space exploration, while also nurturing their artistic talents by hosting a range of competitions with prizes.[28]

Views

[edit]

Arab-Israeli conflict

[edit]

Solomon Passy is Jewish and expresses pride in his personal relations with four Israeli presidents.[29] In 2003, Passy canceled a scheduled meeting with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat at Israel's request.[30]

In 2012, Passy proposed Israel join both NATO and EU.[29] In 2013, Passy urged the West to conduct military strikes against Syria "even in the absence of agreement at the UN Security Council."[31]

Personal life

[edit]

Solomon and Gergana Passy have four children from their three marriages. The Passys run a consulting business.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "49% от българите не са наясно какво е антисемитизъм". СЕГА (in Bulgarian). 5 April 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Solomon Passy, PhD - EPIX.AI". www.epix.ai. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  3. ^ "M3 Communications Group, Inc. - The PR Experts". www.m3bg.com. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Галерия - Соломон Паси".
  5. ^ "Галерия - Соломон Паси".
  6. ^ "Article" (PDF). solomonpassy.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  7. ^ "НАЧАЛО". 26 October 2021.
  8. ^ "Photo". solomonpassy.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  9. ^ Bulgarian press article solomonpassy.com
  10. ^ "Photo". solomonpassy.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  11. ^ Photo vbox7.com
  12. ^ "Luxembourg Presidency - Signing of the Accession Treaty of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union - 25 April 2005".
  13. ^ "Cyrillic alphabet makes first appearance on euro notes". 11 January 2013.
  14. ^ "Document" (PDF). solomonpassy.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  15. ^ "Photo". solomonpassy.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Галерия - Соломон Паси". www.solomonpassy.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  17. ^ Photos solomonpassy.com
  18. ^ Photo [dead link‍]
  19. ^ "Travels: 1990 - 1999 | the Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  20. ^ "Галерия - Соломон Паси".
  21. ^ Video vbox7.com [better source needed]
  22. ^ Video vbox7.com [better source needed]
  23. ^ Photo solomonpassy.com [better source needed]
  24. ^ "Dr. Solomon Passy and Combinatory Dynamic Logic" (PDF). solomonpassy.com. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  25. ^ Google Scholar profile
  26. ^ "HELLO SPACE | Bulgaria/ EU calling". 2021.hello-space.eu. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  27. ^ "Program". 2023.hello-space.eu. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  28. ^ "Фестивалът "Ало, космос" вдъхновява с теми, насочени ĸъм Космоса и Вселената". euronewsbulgaria.com. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  29. ^ a b "Israel in the EU and NATO? It's not so crazy, says former Bulgarian FM". Times of Israel. 8 July 2012.
  30. ^ "Bulgarian FM Nixes Meeting With Arafat".
  31. ^ "Solomon Passy: Strike on Syria - the Sooner, the Better, for Bulgaria Too - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency". www.novinite.com. 28 August 2013.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solomon Passy.
Political offices
Preceded by Foreign Minister of Bulgaria
24 July 2001 – 17 August 2005 		Succeeded by
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