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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Painted sandgrouse
| name = Painted sandgrouse
| status = LC
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22693025 |title=''Pterocles indicus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| image= Painted sandgrouse male Pterocles indicus.jpg
| image= Painted sandgrouse male Pterocles indicus.jpg
| image_caption = Adult
| image_caption = Adult
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| status = LC
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Pterocles indicus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22693025A93379359 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693025A93379359.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
⚫
| genus = Pterocles
| ordo = [[Pteroclidiformes]]
⚫
| species = indicus
| familia = [[Pteroclididae]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789)
⚫
| genus = ''[[Pterocles]]''
⚫
| species = '''''P. indicus'''''
| binomial = ''Pterocles indicus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1789)
}}
}}

The '''painted sandgrouse''' (''Pterocles Indicus'') is a medium large [[bird]] in the [[sandgrouse]] family found in [[India]] and Pakistan.
The '''painted sandgrouse''' ('''''Pterocles indicus''''') is a medium large bird in the [[sandgrouse]] family [[Pteroclidae]] found in India and Pakistan.

==Taxonomy==
The painted sandgrouse was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with all the other grouse-like birds in the [[genus]] ''[[Tetrao]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Tetrao indicus''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 1 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=755 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656250 }}</ref> Gmelin based his description on "La gélinote des Indes" from the [[Coromandel Coast]] that had been described and illustrated in 1782 by the French naturalist [[Pierre Sonnerat]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Sonnerat | first=Pierre | author-link=Pierre Sonnerat | date=1782 | title=Voyage aux Indes orientales et a la Chine, fait par ordre du Roi, depuis 1774 jusqu'en 1781 | volume=2 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Chez l'Auteur | pages=164-165, Plate 96 | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15182388/f219.item }}</ref> The painted sandgrouse is now placed with 13 other species in genus ''[[Pterocles]]'' that was introduced in 1815 by the Dutch zoologist [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Temminck | first=Coenraad Jacob | author-link=Coenraad Jacob Temminck | year=1815 | title=Histoire Naturelle Générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacés | volume=3 | language=French | location=Amsterdam | publisher=J. C. Sepp et fils | pages=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43752451 238], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43752925 712] }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/turacos/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> The genus name combines the [[Ancient Greek]] ''pteron'' meaning "wing" with ''-klēs'' meaning "notable" or "splendid". The specific epithet ''indicus'' is [[Latin]] for "Indian".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=[https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n322/mode/1up 322], [https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n204/mode/1up 204]}}</ref> The species is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc/>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Painted sandgrouse chick.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Chick]]
[[File:Painted sandgrouse chick.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Chick]]
The painted sandgrouse is a plump ground-dwelling bird with a small head and short legs. The sexes are differently coloured. In the male, the bill is orange and there is a black bar across the white forehead, fine black longitudinal lines on the nape and a white patch of bare skin surrounding the eye. There is a broad black and white band around the chest. The breast and belly are a uniform pinkish-brown colour and the back, wings and tail are brown, boldly marked in black and white transverse bars. The female is duller in appearance being a greyish brown colour, barred and speckled with darker brown and white.<ref name=BirdForum>[http://www.birdforum.net/opus/Painted_Sandgrouse Painted Sandgrouse] BirdForum. Retrieved 2012-06-08.</ref>
The painted sandgrouse is a plump ground-dwelling bird with a small head and short legs. The sexes are differently coloured. In the male, the bill is orange and there is a black bar across the white forehead, fine black longitudinal lines on the nape and a white patch of bare skin surrounding the eye. There is a broad black and white band around the chest. The breast and belly are a uniform pinkish-brown colour and the back, wings and tail are brown, boldly marked in black and white transverse bars. The female is duller in appearance being a greyish brown colour, barred and speckled with darker brown and white.{{cn|date=June 2024}}


==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
The painted sandgrouse is found in dry regions in rough grassland, rocky areas and scrub and feeds mainly on seeds. It is gregarious and groups congregate at waterholes to drink.<ref name=BirdForum/>
The painted sandgrouse is found in dry regions in rough grassland, rocky areas and scrub and feeds mainly on seeds. It is gregarious and groups congregate at waterholes to drink.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

==See also==
* [[List of birds of Bangladesh]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Sandgrouse}}
{{Sandgrouse}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q127884}}

{{taxonbar}}


[[Category:Pterocles]]
[[Category:Pterocles]]
[[Category:Birds of India]]
[[Category:Birds of South Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789]]
[[Category:Birds of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin]]




Latest revision as of 05:39, 29 October 2024

Painted sandgrouse
Adult
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Pterocliformes
Family: Pteroclidae
Genus: Pterocles
Species:
P. indicus
Binomial name
Pterocles indicus
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)

The painted sandgrouse (Pterocles indicus) is a medium large bird in the sandgrouse family Pteroclidae found in India and Pakistan.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The painted sandgrouse was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other grouse-like birds in the genus Tetrao and coined the binomial name Tetrao indicus.[2] Gmelin based his description on "La gélinote des Indes" from the Coromandel Coast that had been described and illustrated in 1782 by the French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat.[3] The painted sandgrouse is now placed with 13 other species in genus Pterocles that was introduced in 1815 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pteron meaning "wing" with -klēs meaning "notable" or "splendid". The specific epithet indicus is Latin for "Indian".[6] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[5]

Description

[edit]
Chick

The painted sandgrouse is a plump ground-dwelling bird with a small head and short legs. The sexes are differently coloured. In the male, the bill is orange and there is a black bar across the white forehead, fine black longitudinal lines on the nape and a white patch of bare skin surrounding the eye. There is a broad black and white band around the chest. The breast and belly are a uniform pinkish-brown colour and the back, wings and tail are brown, boldly marked in black and white transverse bars. The female is duller in appearance being a greyish brown colour, barred and speckled with darker brown and white.[citation needed]

Behaviour

[edit]

The painted sandgrouse is found in dry regions in rough grassland, rocky areas and scrub and feeds mainly on seeds. It is gregarious and groups congregate at waterholes to drink.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pterocles indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693025A93379359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693025A93379359.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 755.
  3. ^ Sonnerat, Pierre (1782). Voyage aux Indes orientales et a la Chine, fait par ordre du Roi, depuis 1774 jusqu'en 1781 (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Chez l'Auteur. pp. 164–165, Plate 96.
  4. ^ Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1815). Histoire Naturelle Générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacés (in French). Vol. 3. Amsterdam: J. C. Sepp et fils. pp. 238, 712.
  5. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 322, 204. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.


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