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{{Short description|21st President of Argentina}}
{{Infobox_President | name='''Arturo Rawson'''
{{more citations needed|date=January 2013}}
| smallimage=Arturo Rawson.jpg
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
| nationality=[[Argentine]]
| name = Arturo Rawson
⚫
| order=26th [[President of Argentina]]
| image = Arturo Franklin Rawson.jpg
⚫
| term_start=[[June 4]], [[1943]]
⚫
| nationality = [[Argentina|Argentine]]
⚫
| term_end=[[June 6]], [[1943]]
⚫
| office = President of Argentina
⚫
| predecessor=[[Ramón Castillo]]
| order = 26th
| successor=[[Pedro Pablo Ramírez|Pedro P. Ramírez]]
| status = ''[[De facto government doctrine|De facto]]''
⚫
| birth_date={{birth date|1885|6|4}}
⚫
| term_start = June 4, 1943
⚫
| birth_place= [[Santiago del Estero]]
⚫
| term_end = June 6, 1943
⚫
| death_date={{death date and age|1952|10|8|1885|6|4}}
| appointer = [[1943 Argentine coup d'état|Military junta]]
⚫
| death_place= [[Buenos Aires]]
⚫
| vicepresident = None
| spouse=
⚫
| predecessor = [[Ramón Castillo]]
| party=none
| successor = [[Pedro Pablo Ramírez]] {{nowrap|(''de facto'')}}
⚫
| vicepresident=
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1885|6|4}}
⚫
| profession=[[Military]]
⚫
| birth_place = [[Santiago del Estero]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1952|10|8|1885|6|4}}
⚫
| death_place = [[Buenos Aires]]
| spouse = Delia Sixta Borda (1895–1983)
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
⚫
| profession = [[Military]]
}}
}}


'''Arturo Rawson''' (June 4, 1885 – October 8, 1952) was an [[Argentine]] politician, military officer, and the provisional [[President of Argentina|President of the Republic]] from June 4, 1943, to June 6, 1943.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Argentina#ref407917|title=Argentina {{!}} History, Facts, Map, & Culture|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/rawson.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030058/https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/rawson.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-04|title=Biografia de Arturo Rawson|date=2016-03-04|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://thebiography.us/en/rawson-arturo|title=Biography of Arturo Rawson (1884-1952)|last=TheBiography.us|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en|archive-date=2018-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818182527/http://thebiography.us/en/rawson-arturo|url-status=dead}}</ref>
'''Arturo Rawson Corvalán''' (June 4, 1885 – October 8, 1952) was the [[President of Argentina]] from [[June 4]], [[1943]] to [[June 7]], [[1943]].


His coup started a series which culminated in the accession to power of the [[Laborist Party (Argentina)|Labor Party]] just 3 years later.{{citation needed|reason=what Labour Party, rationale?|date=February 2016}}
⚫
Born in [[Santiago del Estero]], Rawson attended [[Argentina]]’s Military College, which he graduated from in 1907 and subsequently taught at for a time. Rawson rose through the ranks of the [[Argentine Army]] and was eventually promoted to [[general]]. By 1943, Rawson was the Commanding Officer of [[Cavalry]] at Campo de Mayo. On [[June 3]], [[1943]], Rawson was contacted by members of the GOU (United Officers' Group), a group of military officers planning to overthrow Argentina’s civilian government. The GOU, lacking the sufficient amount of troops needed to successfully implement a [[coup]], knew Rawson could provide the soldiers they required. Rawson, who had been scheming to overthrow the government even before he was contacted by the GOU, agreed to their plan. On June 4, Rawson and 10,000 troops under his command entered [[Buenos Aires]] and overthrew the government of [[Ramón Castillo]]. Rawson promptly declared himself [[president]] the same day<ref>{{es icon}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Palabras_del_General_Rawson_1943-06-04_%281-1%29.ogg Speech General Rawson June 4 1943 Mayo Square Buenos Aires Argentina]</ref>. However, Rawson's choices for his [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] alienated the GOU leadership, who forced him to resign on June 7.


==Biography==
⚫
After resigning as president, Rawson was appointed [[Ambassador]] to [[Brazil]], a post he would hold until 1944. In 1945, Rawson was arrested and brought before a [[military tribunal]] for opposing the government of President [[Edelmiro Farrell]], but he was quickly released. In September 1951, Rawson supported General [[José Benjamín Menéndez]]’s failed attempt to overthrow the government of [[Juan Perón]], for which Rawson was temporarily imprisoned. Rawson died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] in Buenos Aires in 1952.
⚫
Rawson was born in [[Santiago del Estero]] in 1885 to a [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] family of [[Americans|American]] origin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/rawson.htm|title=Biografia de Arturo Rawson|website=www.biografiasyvidas.com|language=es|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.genealogiafamiliar.net/getperson.php?personID=I21956&tree=BVCZ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003184157/http://www.genealogiafamiliar.net/getperson.php?personID=I21956&tree=BVCZ|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-03|title=Amán Rawson Hull b. 1794 Montague, MA, Estados Unidos d. 11 Jan 1847 San Juan, San Juan, Argentina: Genealogía Familiar|date=2015-10-03|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> Through his grandfather [[Juan de Dios Rawson]], he was related to [[Guillermo Rawson]]. Rawson attended [[Argentina]]’s Military College, which he graduated from in 1905<ref name=":0" /> and subsequently taught at for a time. Rawson rose through the ranks of the [[Argentine Army]] and was eventually promoted to [[general]]. By 1943, Rawson was the Commanding Officer of [[Cavalry]] at Campo de Mayo.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} On June 3, 1943, Rawson was contacted by members of the GOU ([[United Officers' Group]]), a group of military officers planning to overthrow Argentina's civilian government. The GOU, lacking the sufficient number of troops needed to successfully implement a [[coup]], knew Rawson could provide the soldiers they required. Rawson, who had been scheming to overthrow the government even before he was contacted by the GOU, agreed to their plan. On June 4, Rawson and 10,000 troops under his command entered [[Buenos Aires]] and overthrew the government of [[Ramón Castillo]]. This ended the historical period known as the [[Infamous Decade]] and started the [[1943 Argentine coup d'état|Revolution of '43]].


Rawson promptly declared himself [[president of Argentina]] the same day, beating [[Pedro Pablo Ramírez]] to do so.<ref name="uno cuatro cuatro">Mendelevich, p. 144</ref> However, his choices for his [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] alienated the GOU leadership, who forced him to resign on June 7. Rawson, as Castillo did, supported the [[Allies of World War II]], but the bulk of the military that organized the coup wanted Argentina to stay neutral in the conflict, considering that joining the war would prove destructive for the country. Colonel Elbio Anaya appeared at his office and told him that he was ruling because of a misunderstanding, as the president was Ramírez. Rawson resigned, and rejected the military escort, leaving the [[Casa Rosada]] on a military jeep. His time as president was so brief that he never actually made the [[Oath of office]]. Even so, he did not take power as an [[Provisional government|interim president]], but expecting to rule for a long time.<ref>Mendelevich, p. 145</ref> Thus, Rawson has had the second shortest mandate of any Argentine president, and the shortest mandate of any Argentine non-acting president, holding the office for just three days (the first being [[Federico Pinedo]] with 12 hours).<ref name="uno cuatro cuatro"/>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}


⚫
After resigning as president, Rawson was appointed [[Ambassador]] to [[Brazil]], a post he would hold until 1944.<ref name=":0" /> He congratulated Ramírez when he broke relations with Germany and Japan.<ref>Mendelevich, p. 146</ref> In 1945, Rawson was arrested and brought before a [[military tribunal]] for opposing the government of President [[Edelmiro Farrell]], but he was quickly released. In September 1951, Rawson supported General [[José Benjamín Menéndez]]’s failed attempt to overthrow the government of [[Juan Perón]], for which Rawson was temporarily imprisoned. He wrote the book ''Argentina y Bolivia en la epopeya de la emancipación'' (literally "Argentina and Bolivia in the Liberation epic"). Rawson died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] in Buenos Aires in 1952. He is buried at [[La Recoleta Cemetery]] in Buenos Aires.
==External links==
* {{findagrave|6919964}}


==See also==
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{{start box}}
{{Portal|Biography|Politics}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
|title= El Final
|last= Mendelevich
|first= Pablo
|author-link= Pablo Mendelevich
|year= 2010
|publisher= Ediciones B
|location= Buenos Aires
|isbn= 978-987-627-166-0}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}


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{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[President of Argentina]]|before=[[Ramón Castillo]]|after=[[Pedro Pablo Ramírez|Pedro P. Ramírez]]|years=1943}}
{{succession box|title=[[President of Argentina]]|before=[[Ramón Castillo]]|after=[[Pedro Pablo Ramírez|Pedro P. Ramírez]]|years=1943}}
{{end box}}
{{S-end}}


{{Presidents of Argentina}}
{{Presidents of Argentina}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawson, Arturo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawson, Arturo}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Santiago del Estero Province]]
[[Category:People from Santiago del Estero]]
[[Category:Argentine generals]]
[[Category:Argentine generals]]
[[Category:Presidents of Argentina]]
[[Category:Presidents of Argentina]]
[[Category:Argentines of Welsh descent]]
[[Category:Argentine people of American descent]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]

[[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]]
[[es:Arturo Rawson]]
[[Category:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery]]
[[fr:Arturo Rawson]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Argentina to Brazil]]
[[io:Arturo Rawson]]
[[id:Arturo Rawson]]
[[it:Arturo Rawson Corvalan]]
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[[sl:Arturo Rawson]]

Latest revision as of 06:41, 29 October 2024

Arturo Rawson
26th President of Argentina
De facto
In office
June 4, 1943 – June 6, 1943
Appointed byMilitary junta
Vice PresidentNone
Preceded byRamón Castillo
Succeeded byPedro Pablo Ramírez (de facto)
Personal details
Born(1885-06-04)June 4, 1885
Santiago del Estero
DiedOctober 8, 1952(1952-10-08) (aged 67)
Buenos Aires
NationalityArgentine
Political partyIndependent
SpouseDelia Sixta Borda (1895–1983)
ProfessionMilitary

Arturo Rawson (June 4, 1885 – October 8, 1952) was an Argentine politician, military officer, and the provisional President of the Republic from June 4, 1943, to June 6, 1943.[1][2][3]

His coup started a series which culminated in the accession to power of the Labor Party just 3 years later.[citation needed]

Biography

[edit]

Rawson was born in Santiago del Estero in 1885 to a San Juan family of American origin.[4][5] Through his grandfather Juan de Dios Rawson, he was related to Guillermo Rawson. Rawson attended Argentina’s Military College, which he graduated from in 1905[3] and subsequently taught at for a time. Rawson rose through the ranks of the Argentine Army and was eventually promoted to general. By 1943, Rawson was the Commanding Officer of Cavalry at Campo de Mayo.[citation needed] On June 3, 1943, Rawson was contacted by members of the GOU (United Officers' Group), a group of military officers planning to overthrow Argentina's civilian government. The GOU, lacking the sufficient number of troops needed to successfully implement a coup, knew Rawson could provide the soldiers they required. Rawson, who had been scheming to overthrow the government even before he was contacted by the GOU, agreed to their plan. On June 4, Rawson and 10,000 troops under his command entered Buenos Aires and overthrew the government of Ramón Castillo. This ended the historical period known as the Infamous Decade and started the Revolution of '43.

Rawson promptly declared himself president of Argentina the same day, beating Pedro Pablo Ramírez to do so.[6] However, his choices for his cabinet alienated the GOU leadership, who forced him to resign on June 7. Rawson, as Castillo did, supported the Allies of World War II, but the bulk of the military that organized the coup wanted Argentina to stay neutral in the conflict, considering that joining the war would prove destructive for the country. Colonel Elbio Anaya appeared at his office and told him that he was ruling because of a misunderstanding, as the president was Ramírez. Rawson resigned, and rejected the military escort, leaving the Casa Rosada on a military jeep. His time as president was so brief that he never actually made the Oath of office. Even so, he did not take power as an interim president, but expecting to rule for a long time.[7] Thus, Rawson has had the second shortest mandate of any Argentine president, and the shortest mandate of any Argentine non-acting president, holding the office for just three days (the first being Federico Pinedo with 12 hours).[6]

After resigning as president, Rawson was appointed Ambassador to Brazil, a post he would hold until 1944.[3] He congratulated Ramírez when he broke relations with Germany and Japan.[8] In 1945, Rawson was arrested and brought before a military tribunal for opposing the government of President Edelmiro Farrell, but he was quickly released. In September 1951, Rawson supported General José Benjamín Menéndez’s failed attempt to overthrow the government of Juan Perón, for which Rawson was temporarily imprisoned. He wrote the book Argentina y Bolivia en la epopeya de la emancipación (literally "Argentina and Bolivia in the Liberation epic"). Rawson died of a heart attack in Buenos Aires in 1952. He is buried at La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

See also

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Mendelevich, Pablo (2010). El Final. Buenos Aires: Ediciones B. ISBN 978-987-627-166-0.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Argentina | History, Facts, Map, & Culture". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  2. ^ "Biografia de Arturo Rawson". 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  3. ^ a b c TheBiography.us. "Biography of Arturo Rawson (1884-1952)". Archived from the original on 2018-08-18. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  4. ^ "Biografia de Arturo Rawson". www.biografiasyvidas.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  5. ^ "Amán Rawson Hull b. 1794 Montague, MA, Estados Unidos d. 11 Jan 1847 San Juan, San Juan, Argentina: Genealogía Familiar". 2015-10-03. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  6. ^ a b Mendelevich, p. 144
  7. ^ Mendelevich, p. 145
  8. ^ Mendelevich, p. 146


Political offices
Preceded by President of Argentina
1943 		Succeeded by
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