Pulpit altar: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Church element combining altar and pulpit}} |
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A '''pulpit altar''' or '''pulpit-altar''' is an [[altar]] in a church that is built together with a [[pulpit]] that is designed as an extension above the altar, so the pulpit, altar, and [[altarpiece]] form one unit. This type of altar is typical in a [[Baroque|Baroque style]] church whereas earlier medieval churches and many more modern churches tend to have the more common free-standing pulpit that was set apart from the altar. This design became popular after the [[Protestant reformation|Protestant Reformation]] in [[Lutheran]] churches. It was first built to emphasize the importance of the [[sermon]] and the preaching of the Word of God in the [[Church service|worship service]]. It also symbolizes that the [[Bible|Word of God]] stands together with the [[sacrament]]s (Holy Communion) which takes place on the altar below. The first pulpit altars appeared in the German areas of Europe and in the baroque churches of the 1600s and 1700s. Sometimes the organ was placed above the pulpit as well to symbolize that music was also central to the church.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prekestolalter |url=https://kunsthistorie.com/fagwiki/Prekestolalter |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Kunsthistorie.no |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulpit altar |url=https://www.markgrafenkirchen.de/en/knowledge/lexicon/pulpit-altar/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Mark Grafen Kirche}}</ref><ref name="yates">{{Cite book |last=Yates |first=Nigel |title=Liturgical Space Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000 |date=2017-05-15 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317104100 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref> |
A '''pulpit altar''' or '''pulpit-altar''' is an [[altar]] in a church that is built together with a [[pulpit]] that is designed as an extension above the altar, so the pulpit, altar, and [[altarpiece]] form one unit. This type of altar is typical in a [[Baroque|Baroque style]] church whereas earlier medieval churches and many more modern churches tend to have the more common free-standing pulpit that was set apart from the altar. This design became popular after the [[Protestant reformation|Protestant Reformation]] in [[Lutheran]] churches. It was first built to emphasize the importance of the [[sermon]] and the preaching of the Word of God in the [[Church service|worship service]]. It also symbolizes that the [[Bible|Word of God]] stands together with the [[sacrament]]s (Holy Communion) which takes place on the altar below. The first pulpit altars appeared in the German areas of Europe and in the baroque churches of the 1600s and 1700s. Sometimes the organ was placed above the pulpit as well to symbolize that music was also central to the church.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prekestolalter |url=https://kunsthistorie.com/fagwiki/Prekestolalter |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Kunsthistorie.no |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulpit altar |url=https://www.markgrafenkirchen.de/en/knowledge/lexicon/pulpit-altar/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Mark Grafen Kirche}}</ref><ref name="yates">{{Cite book |last=Yates |first=Nigel |title=Liturgical Space Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000 |date=2017-05-15 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317104100 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref> |
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==Germany== |
==Germany== |
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The oldest surviving pulpit altar ({{ |
The oldest surviving pulpit altar ({{langx|de|kanzelaltar}}) is in the castle chapel of [[Wilhelmsburg Castle]] in [[Schmalkalden]] (today Thuringia), which was built under [[William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]] in 1585–1590. Pulpit altars were quite popular in [[Upper Franconia]], southern [[Lower Saxony]], the [[Bergisches Land]], and the Saxon duchies of today's state of [[Thuringia]]. The earliest verified example of a pulpit altar in the Thuringian area was built in the castle chapel of [[Callenberg Castle]] in [[Coburg]] (today Upper Franconia in [[Bavaria]]), built under Duke [[John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|Johann Casimir]] of Saxe-Coburg and it was inaugurated in 1618.<ref name="yates" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mai |first=Hartmut |title=Der evangelische Kanzelaltar, Geschichte und Bedeutung |date=1969 |publisher=Halle |page=35 |language=German}}</ref> In the 19th century (in particular), a dispute broke out in the Protestant churches about the correct form and position of the altar. The [[:de:Eisenacher Regulativ|Eisenach regulation of 1861]] rejected the pulpit altar and required churches to have a free-standing arrangement of the altar in a sanctuary, bringing the design closer to the medieval Catholic setup of the [[chancel]]. |
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==Indonesia== |
==Indonesia== |
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In some [[Protestant]] churches |
In some [[Protestant]] churches of the [[Indonesia]], the [[preacher]] pulpit generally located in the center of the altar, which usually occurs in the [[Batak Christian Protestant Church]] ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Huria Kristen Batak Protestan''), one of the largest Lutheran churches in the [[Southeast Asia]]. This is due to the influence of the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonisation]] and [[Dutch Reformed|Dutch Calvinist]] sect, making it a colonial legacy that remains to this day. However, the Batak Christian Protestant Church moved the pulpit to the right side, which functions as the place for the minister to preach. Meanwhile, it's have available room on the left side utilised for another pulpit as of the place to church notices. This setup is more in line with other Lutheran churches. Traditionally, the Batak Christian Protestant Church is a separate church from the [[Rhenish Missionary Society]] comes from the [[Germany]], which are characterised of the composite denomination that includes a [[Lutheran]] element compared to the original Lutheran churches in the [[Nordic countries]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-30 |title=HKBP: Gereja Lutheran Gado-gado |url=https://saenababan.com/2021/08/30/hkbp-gereja-lutheran-gado-gado/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=SAEnababan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==Norway== |
==Norway== |
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Many churches in Norway got pulpit altars ({{ |
Many churches in Norway got pulpit altars ({{langx|no|prekestolalter}}) during the second half of the 18th century and especially in the first three decades of the 19th century, several of these were later rebuilt or got an extra pulpit with a traditional placement. Pulpit altars can be seen in the [[Nykirken]] in [[Bergen]] (reconstruction 1756), [[Gamlebyen Church]] in [[Oslo]] (1796), [[Røros Church]] (1784), [[Kongsberg Church]] (1740–61), and [[Sør-Fron Church]] (1792). Pulpit altars were also used in the [[Octagonal churches in Norway|octagonal churches]] such as in [[Hadsel Church]], [[Klæbu Church]], and [[Tynset Church]]. The pulpit altar went out of fashion after a time, partly because the altar seemed to be subordinate to the pulpit. In [[Klæbu Church]], a pulpit was later set up on the floor because of the priest's fear of heights. According to Hosar, there are at least 58 pulpit altars in Norwegian churches.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hosar |first=Kåre |title=Sør-Fron kirke. Lokal bakgrunn og impulser utenfra. Magisteravhandling i kunsthistorie. |publisher=Universitetet i Oslo |year=1988 |language=no}}</ref> In 1749, the old [[Hopen Church]] on [[Smøla (island)|Smøla]] was probably the first church in Norway to get a pulpit altar.<ref name="snl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Prekestolalter |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/prekestolalter |date=2020-06-08 |editor-last=Gunnarsjaa |editor-first=Arne |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2022-12-03}}</ref> |
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==Media gallery== |
==Media gallery== |
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File:Kongsberg kirke - Autel.JPG|[[Kongsberg Church]] in [[Kongsberg]], [[Norway]] |
File:Kongsberg kirke - Autel.JPG|[[Kongsberg Church]] in [[Kongsberg]], [[Norway]] |
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File:HKBP Setia Negara, Res. Setia Negara 04.jpg|[[Batak Christian Protestant Church]] in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] |
File:HKBP Setia Negara, Res. Setia Negara 04.jpg|[[Batak Christian Protestant Church]] in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] |
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File:Sør-Fron interior..JPG|[[Sør-Fron]] Church in Norway |
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File:Quedlinburg - St. Blasii - 02.jpg|[[:en:Pulpit altar|Pulpit altar]], [[:de:St. Blasii (Quedlinburg)|St. Blasii]], [[:en:Quedlinburg|Quedlinburg]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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[[Category:Altars]] |
[[Category:Altars]] |
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[[Category:Lutheran art]] |
[[Category:Lutheran art]] |
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[[Category:Lutheran liturgy and worship]] |
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[[Category:Altarpieces]] |
[[Category:Altarpieces]] |
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[[Category:Pulpits]] |
[[Category:Pulpits]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:34, 29 October 2024
A pulpit altar or pulpit-altar is an altar in a church that is built together with a pulpit that is designed as an extension above the altar, so the pulpit, altar, and altarpiece form one unit. This type of altar is typical in a Baroque style church whereas earlier medieval churches and many more modern churches tend to have the more common free-standing pulpit that was set apart from the altar. This design became popular after the Protestant Reformation in Lutheran churches. It was first built to emphasize the importance of the sermon and the preaching of the Word of God in the worship service. It also symbolizes that the Word of God stands together with the sacraments (Holy Communion) which takes place on the altar below. The first pulpit altars appeared in the German areas of Europe and in the baroque churches of the 1600s and 1700s. Sometimes the organ was placed above the pulpit as well to symbolize that music was also central to the church.[1][2][3]
Germany
[edit]The oldest surviving pulpit altar (German: kanzelaltar) is in the castle chapel of Wilhelmsburg Castle in Schmalkalden (today Thuringia), which was built under William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1585–1590. Pulpit altars were quite popular in Upper Franconia, southern Lower Saxony, the Bergisches Land, and the Saxon duchies of today's state of Thuringia. The earliest verified example of a pulpit altar in the Thuringian area was built in the castle chapel of Callenberg Castle in Coburg (today Upper Franconia in Bavaria), built under Duke Johann Casimir of Saxe-Coburg and it was inaugurated in 1618.[3][4] In the 19th century (in particular), a dispute broke out in the Protestant churches about the correct form and position of the altar. The Eisenach regulation of 1861 rejected the pulpit altar and required churches to have a free-standing arrangement of the altar in a sanctuary, bringing the design closer to the medieval Catholic setup of the chancel.
Indonesia
[edit]In some Protestant churches of the Indonesia, the preacher pulpit generally located in the center of the altar, which usually occurs in the Batak Christian Protestant Church (Indonesian: Huria Kristen Batak Protestan), one of the largest Lutheran churches in the Southeast Asia. This is due to the influence of the Dutch colonisation and Dutch Calvinist sect, making it a colonial legacy that remains to this day. However, the Batak Christian Protestant Church moved the pulpit to the right side, which functions as the place for the minister to preach. Meanwhile, it's have available room on the left side utilised for another pulpit as of the place to church notices. This setup is more in line with other Lutheran churches. Traditionally, the Batak Christian Protestant Church is a separate church from the Rhenish Missionary Society comes from the Germany, which are characterised of the composite denomination that includes a Lutheran element compared to the original Lutheran churches in the Nordic countries.[5]
Norway
[edit]Many churches in Norway got pulpit altars (Norwegian: prekestolalter) during the second half of the 18th century and especially in the first three decades of the 19th century, several of these were later rebuilt or got an extra pulpit with a traditional placement. Pulpit altars can be seen in the Nykirken in Bergen (reconstruction 1756), Gamlebyen Church in Oslo (1796), Røros Church (1784), Kongsberg Church (1740–61), and Sør-Fron Church (1792). Pulpit altars were also used in the octagonal churches such as in Hadsel Church, Klæbu Church, and Tynset Church. The pulpit altar went out of fashion after a time, partly because the altar seemed to be subordinate to the pulpit. In Klæbu Church, a pulpit was later set up on the floor because of the priest's fear of heights. According to Hosar, there are at least 58 pulpit altars in Norwegian churches.[6] In 1749, the old Hopen Church on Smøla was probably the first church in Norway to get a pulpit altar.[7]
Media gallery
[edit]-
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Dorf Church in Berlitt, Germany -
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Serbin, Texas -
Tolga Church, Tolga, Norway -
Pulpit-altar with organ in Bernshausen, Germany -
Røros Church, Røros, Norway -
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Sør-Fron Church in Norway -
References
[edit]- ^ "Prekestolalter". Kunsthistorie.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2022-12-03.
- ^ "Pulpit altar". Mark Grafen Kirche. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
- ^ a b Yates, Nigel (2017-05-15). Liturgical Space Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317104100.
- ^ Mai, Hartmut (1969). Der evangelische Kanzelaltar, Geschichte und Bedeutung (in German). Halle. p. 35.
- ^ "HKBP: Gereja Lutheran Gado-gado". SAEnababan.com. 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
- ^ Hosar, Kåre (1988). Sør-Fron kirke. Lokal bakgrunn og impulser utenfra. Magisteravhandling i kunsthistorie (in Norwegian). Universitetet i Oslo.
- ^ Gunnarsjaa, Arne, ed. (2020-06-08). "Prekestolalter". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2022-12-03.