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{{Short description|7th Supreme Patriarch of Thai Buddhism and Thai Prince}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
{{Infobox religious biography
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|name = Paramanuchitchinorot
|name = Paramanuchitchinorot
|image = Krom_Phra_Paramanujit_Jinoros.jpg
|image = Krom_Phra_Paramanujit_Jinoros.jpg
|caption = Statue of Paramanuchitchinorot at Wat Pho
|caption = Statue of Kromma Phra Paramanuchitchinorot at Wat Pho
|birth_name = Prince Wasukri
|birth_name = Prince Wasukri
|alias =
|alias =
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|school = [[Theravada]]
|school = [[Theravada]]
|lineage =
|lineage =
|title = [[Supreme Patriarch of Thailand|Supreme Patriarch of Siam]]
|office1 = [[Supreme Patriarch of Thailand|Supreme Patriarch of Siam]]
| term_start1 =1851
| term_end1 =9 December 1853
|location =
|location =
|education =
|education =
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}}
}}


'''Paramanuchitchinorot''' ({{lang-th|ปรมานุชิตชิโนรส}}, {{RTGS|Paramanuchitchinorot|italic=yes}} or {{transl|th|rtgs|Poramanuchitchinorot|italic=yes}}; also spelt ''Paramanujita Jinorasa'', ''Paramanujit Jinoros'', etc.; 11 December 1790 – 9 December 1853) was a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] writer and a prince of the [[Chakri dynasty]]. One of his well-known epic poems is ''[[Lilit Taleng Phai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://universalium.academic.ru/282547/Paramanuchit |title=Paramanuchit |website=Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias |language=en |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> In 1851 he was appointed the [[Supreme Patriarch of Thailand|Supreme Patriarch]] of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Rattanakosin kingdom]] and remained in that position until his death.
'''Paramanuchitchinorot''' ({{langx|th|ปรมานุชิตชิโนรส}}, {{RTGS|Paramanuchitchinorot|italic=yes}} or {{transl|th|rtgs|Poramanuchitchinorot|italic=yes}}; also spelt ''Paramanujita Jinorasa'', ''Paramanujit Jinoros'', etc.; 11 December 1790 – 9 December 1853) was a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] writer and a prince of the [[Chakri dynasty]]. One of his well-known epic poems is ''[[Lilit Taleng Phai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://universalium.academic.ru/282547/Paramanuchit |title=Paramanuchit |website=Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias |language=en |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> In 1851 he was appointed the [[Supreme Patriarch of Thailand|Supreme Patriarch]] of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Rattanakosin kingdom]] and remained in that position until his death.


==Life==
==Life==
Prince ''Wasukri'' ({{lang-th|วาสุกรี}}) was a child of King [[Rama I]] and Lady Chui ({{lang-th|จุ้ย}}), born at the [[Grand Palace]] he was the king's twenty-eight child. In 1802, he became a [[Samanera]] or novice monk at the age of 12 years old, eight years later he was ordained a [[Bhikkhu]] monk. As a monk he resided at [[Wat Pho]] and studied to become a religious scholar there. He was also learned in the [[Khmer language|Khmer]] and [[Pali]] languages. In 1812 he was made the [[Abbot (Buddhism)|abbot]] of the temple.<ref name="Matics">{{Cite journal |last=Matics |first=Kathleen I. |date=1971 |title=Homage to the Abbot Prince Paramanuchit Chinorot |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_066_1j_Matics_HomageToAbbotprinceParamanuchitChinorot.pdf |journal=Journal of the Siam Society}}</ref>
Prince ''Wasukri'' ({{langx|th|วาสุกรี}}) was a child of King [[Rama I]] and royal concubine Lady Chui ({{langx|th|จุ้ย}}), a Vietnamese noblewoman. Lady Chui was the daughter of Ong Wang-tai (Phraya Phakdinuchit), a man of high-ranking royal blood who fled Vietnam after the Tay Son rebellion of 1778. <ref> Ethnicity and the Galactic Polity: Ideas and Actualities in the History of Bangkok, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 49, 1 (2018): 129–48. </ref> He was born at the [[Grand Palace]] he was the king's twenty-eight child. In 1802, he became a [[Samanera]] or novice monk at the age of 12 years old, eight years later he was ordained a [[Bhikkhu]] monk. As a monk he resided at [[Wat Pho]] and studied to become a religious scholar there. He was also learned in the [[Khmer language|Khmer]] and [[Pali]] languages. In 1812 he was made the [[Abbot (Buddhism)|abbot]] of the temple.<ref name="Matics">{{Cite journal |last=Matics |first=Kathleen I. |date=1971 |title=Homage to the Abbot Prince Paramanuchit Chinorot |url=http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1971/JSS_066_1j_Matics_HomageToAbbotprinceParamanuchitChinorot.pdf |journal=Journal of the Siam Society}}</ref>


King [[Rama III]], who was his nephew, frequently called upon him to write, translate, and compile books. During his reign the king gave his uncle the ecclesiastical rank equivalent to that of a deputy patriarch, in which he was put in charge of all the temples within [[Bangkok]]. The prince abbot was also a prolific poet and composed many religious and sacred verses. Many of these verse were made into inscriptions which can be found all over Wat Pho today, making the temple a place of worship and a place of learning.<ref name="Matics"/>
King [[Rama III]], who was his nephew, frequently called upon him to write, translate, and compile books. During his reign the king gave his uncle the ecclesiastical rank equivalent to that of a deputy patriarch, in which he was put in charge of all the temples within [[Bangkok]]. The prince abbot was also a prolific poet and composed many religious and sacred verses. Many of these verse were made into inscriptions which can be found all over Wat Pho today, making the temple a place of worship and a place of learning.<ref name="Matics"/>
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His residence at Wat Pho, Tamnak Wasukri, also called the poet's house, was built by Rama III as a gift, it is open once a year on his birthday.<ref name="Matics"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://u-toseen.com/sunthai/center/bkk/wpomap23.htm |title=Wasukri Residence, Wat Phra Chetuphon |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330041827/http://u-toseen.com/sunthai/center/bkk/wpomap23.htm |archive-date=2016-03-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
His residence at Wat Pho, Tamnak Wasukri, also called the poet's house, was built by Rama III as a gift, it is open once a year on his birthday.<ref name="Matics"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://u-toseen.com/sunthai/center/bkk/wpomap23.htm |title=Wasukri Residence, Wat Phra Chetuphon |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330041827/http://u-toseen.com/sunthai/center/bkk/wpomap23.htm |archive-date=2016-03-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


On 12 April 1921, in the reign of King [[Vajiravudh|Rama VI]] an additional title was created to denote his status as both a royal prince and patriarch of the kingdom. From then on he was known posthumously as ''Somdet Phra Maha Samana Chao Krom Phra Paramanuchitchinorot''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Royal Thai Government Gazette |date=1921-04-12 |title=พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ สถาปนาสมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้า (Royal Decree on the Elevation of the Prince Patriarch |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2464/A/10.PDF |journal=ราชกิจจานุเบกษา |volume=เล่ม ๓๘, ตอน ๐ ก |pages=หน้า ๑๐}}</ref>
On 12 April 1921, in the reign of King [[Vajiravudh|Rama VI]] an additional title was created to denote his status as both a royal prince and patriarch of the kingdom. From then on he was known posthumously as ''Somdet Phra Maha Samana Chao Krom Phra Paramanuchitchinorot''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Royal Thai Government Gazette |date=1921-04-12 |title=พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ สถาปนาสมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้า (Royal Decree on the Elevation of the Prince Patriarch |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2464/A/10.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113051435/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2464/A/10.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 November 2011 |journal=ราชกิจจานุเบกษา |volume=เล่ม ๓๘, ตอน ๐ ก |pages=หน้า ๑๐}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:1852 deaths]]
[[Category:1852 deaths]]
[[Category:Thai Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Thai Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:18th-century Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:19th-century Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:Thai male Phra Ong Chao]]
[[Category:Thai male Phra Ong Chao]]
[[Category:People from Bangkok]]
[[Category:People from Bangkok]]
⚫
[[Category:Thai male writers]]
[[Category:19th century in Siam]]
[[Category:19th century in Siam]]
[[Category:19th-century non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:19th-century poets]]
[[Category:19th-century poets]]
[[Category:Male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Thai male non-fiction writers]]
⚫
[[Category:Sons of kings]]

[[Category:Thai people of Vietnamese descent]]


{{Buddhist-clergy-stub}}
{{Buddhist-clergy-stub}}

Latest revision as of 07:47, 29 October 2024

Somdet Phra Maha Samana Chao
Kromma Phra
Paramanuchitchinorot
Statue of Kromma Phra Paramanuchitchinorot at Wat Pho
Supreme Patriarch of Siam
In office
1851 – 9 December 1853
Personal
Born
Prince Wasukri

11 December 1790
Grand Palace, Bangkok, Siam
Died9 December 1853 (aged 63)
Wat Pho, Bangkok, Siam
ReligionBuddhism
NationalityThai
SchoolTheravada
Dharma namesSuvaṇṇaraṃsi
Senior posting
PredecessorAriyavangsayana (Nag)
SuccessorPavares Variyalongkorn

Paramanuchitchinorot (Thai: ปรมานุชิตชิโนรส, RTGS: Paramanuchitchinorot or Poramanuchitchinorot; also spelt Paramanujita Jinorasa, Paramanujit Jinoros, etc.; 11 December 1790 – 9 December 1853) was a Buddhist writer and a prince of the Chakri dynasty. One of his well-known epic poems is Lilit Taleng Phai.[1] In 1851 he was appointed the Supreme Patriarch of the Rattanakosin kingdom and remained in that position until his death.

Life

[edit]

Prince Wasukri (Thai: วาสุกรี) was a child of King Rama I and royal concubine Lady Chui (Thai: จุ้ย), a Vietnamese noblewoman. Lady Chui was the daughter of Ong Wang-tai (Phraya Phakdinuchit), a man of high-ranking royal blood who fled Vietnam after the Tay Son rebellion of 1778. [2] He was born at the Grand Palace he was the king's twenty-eight child. In 1802, he became a Samanera or novice monk at the age of 12 years old, eight years later he was ordained a Bhikkhu monk. As a monk he resided at Wat Pho and studied to become a religious scholar there. He was also learned in the Khmer and Pali languages. In 1812 he was made the abbot of the temple.[3]

King Rama III, who was his nephew, frequently called upon him to write, translate, and compile books. During his reign the king gave his uncle the ecclesiastical rank equivalent to that of a deputy patriarch, in which he was put in charge of all the temples within Bangkok. The prince abbot was also a prolific poet and composed many religious and sacred verses. Many of these verse were made into inscriptions which can be found all over Wat Pho today, making the temple a place of worship and a place of learning.[3]

In 1851, the new monarch, King Rama IV, appointed the abbot as the Supreme Patriarch of the kingdom, and he was given the official title Phra Chao Boromawong Ther Krom Phra Paramanuchitchinorot. Unfortunately, this honour was briefly held, as he died on 9 December 1853. His body lay in state for a full year before his cremation.[3]

His residence at Wat Pho, Tamnak Wasukri, also called the poet's house, was built by Rama III as a gift, it is open once a year on his birthday.[3][4]

On 12 April 1921, in the reign of King Rama VI an additional title was created to denote his status as both a royal prince and patriarch of the kingdom. From then on he was known posthumously as Somdet Phra Maha Samana Chao Krom Phra Paramanuchitchinorot.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Paramanuchit". Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  2. ^ Ethnicity and the Galactic Polity: Ideas and Actualities in the History of Bangkok, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 49, 1 (2018): 129–48.
  3. ^ a b c d Matics, Kathleen I. (1971). "Homage to the Abbot Prince Paramanuchit Chinorot" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society.
  4. ^ "Wasukri Residence, Wat Phra Chetuphon". Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  5. ^ Royal Thai Government Gazette (12 April 1921). "พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ สถาปนาสมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้า (Royal Decree on the Elevation of the Prince Patriarch" (PDF). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา. เล่ม ๓๘, ตอน ๐ ก: หน้า ๑๐. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
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