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{{Short description|OF9 rank in the Soviet Union's armed forces}}
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; float:right; width:250px"
{{Multiple issues|
|+
{{more citations needed|date=September 2021}}
|-----
{{Missing information|the reason for the creation of the rank and its role and responsibilities|date=August 2021}}
| bgcolor="#efefef" colspan=2 align="center"|[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|left|35px]] '''Marshal of the branch'''<br /><small>(1943 to 1974)</small>
}}
|-----
{{Infobox military rank
| align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:2px solid gray;font-size:smaller" |
| name = Marshal of the branch
{|align="center"
| native_name = {{lang|ru|Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск}}
| align="center" colspan=2 | [[File:Marshal-Star small.jpg|150px]]
| image = Small Marshal's Star.svg
|-----
| image_size = 100px
| align="center" colspan=2 |[[Marshal's star|Small marshal's star]] (since 1943)
| alt =
|}
| caption = [[Marshal's star#Small Marshal's Star|Small Marshal's Star]]
|-----
| image2 = {{nobreak| [[File:SA A-artil F9Mars 1974v.png|40px]] [[File:SA AF F9Mars 1974v.svg|40px]] [[File:SA A-armour F9Mars 1974v.png|40px]] [[File:SA A-sign F9Mars 1974v.png|40px]] [[File:SA A-engin F9Mars 1974v.png|40px]] }}
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Rank insignia</small> || bgcolor="#dfefff" | [[Soviet Armed Forces]]
| image_size2 =
|-----
| alt2 =
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Introduction</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | 1943
| caption2 = Branch specific shoulder boards
|-----
| image3 =
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Rank group</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | General officer
| image_size3 =
|-----
| alt3 =
| bgcolor="#efefef" | <small>Navy</small>|| bgcolor="#dfefff" | -
| caption3 =
|-----
| country = {{flag|Soviet Union}}
| bgcolor="#efefef" | [[Ranks and insignia of NATO|NATO<br />equivalent]] || bgcolor="#dfefff" | [[OF-9]]
| service branch = {{army|Soviet Union}}<br />{{air force|Soviet Union}}
|-----
| abbreviation =
|}
| rank group = [[General officer]]
[[File:Alex Yefimov.jpg|thumb|170px|''Marshal of the aviation'', Alexander Jefimow]]
| rank = Marshal
[[File:Форма маршала артиллерии.jpg|thumb|170px| Uniform ''marshal of the artillery'' „Odinzov, Gregorij Fedorovich“ (1900—1972)<br />“Militay historical museum“ … St. Petersburg]]
| NATO rank =
| Non-NATO rank =
| pay grade =
| formation = 1943
| abolished = 1991
| higher rank = [[Chief marshal of the branch]]
| lower rank = [[Colonel general#Russia|Colonel general]]
| equivalents =
| history =
}}


[[File:Alex Yefimov.jpg|thumb|170px|''Marshal of Aviation'' Alexander Yefimov (1923-2012)]]
'''Marsha of the branch''' (or "marshal of the branch of service"; {{lang-ru|Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск}}) was from 1943 to 1974 the designation to a separate rank class in the general officer´s rank group of the of the former [[Soviet Union]]´s armed forces.
[[File:Форма маршала артиллерии.jpg|thumb|170px| Uniform of ''marshal of the artillery'' Grigoriy Fedorovich Odinzov (1900—1972)<br />Military historical museum, St. Petersburg]]


'''Marshal of the branch''' (or "marshal of the [[branch of service]]"; {{langx|ru|Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск|Marshal roda voysk}}) was from 1943 to 1974 the designation to a separate rank class in the general officer's rank group of the former [[Soviet Union]]'s armed forces.
However, at that time, marshal of the branch was also the lowest marshal-rank of the Red Army, and later of the Soviet Army. In modern context, it might be comparable to the NATO OF9-rank<ref name="NATO1">The abbreviation "OF" stands for German ''Offizier'', English officer or French ''officier''</ref>


Marshal of the branch was nominal the equivalent rank level to army general (OF-9). However, general officers on that particular rank were not authorised, competent and mandated to be appointed to, or to act on the position of commander in chief of a big formation or command.
However, at that time, marshal of the branch was also the lowest marshal-rank of the Red Army, and later of the Soviet Army. Marshal of the branch was nominally the equivalent rank level to army general. However, general officers on that particular rank were not authorised, competent and mandated to be appointed to, or to act on the position of commander in chief of a big formation or command.


==Establishment==
==Introduction and sequence of ranks ==
The term "marshal of the branch" was [[Calque|calqued]] from the German ''General der Waffengattung'' ([[general of the branch]]). The first general officers of the air force, artillery, and armored troops were promoted on 16 January 1943 under the rank designation:<ref>Disposal of the "Presidium of the Supreme Soviet” from January 16, 1943 … on introduction of the new of ranks marshal of the aviation, marshal of the artillery and marshal of the armored troops.</ref>
The term "marshal of the branch" was [[calque]]d from the German {{lang|de|General der Waffengattung}} ([[general of the branch]]). The ranks of marshal of aviation, artillery and armoured troops branches were established on February 4, 1943, with a large, approximately 50mm wide, shoulder board star (the same star as the at-the-time equivalent rank of marshal of the Soviet Union's shoulder board star).<ref>Disposal of the "Presidium of the Supreme Soviet" from January 16, 1943 … on introduction of the new of ranks marshal of the aviation, marshal of the artillery and marshal of the armored troops.</ref> When the rank of chief marshal was established on October 27, 1943, the size of the shoulder board's stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller establishing the superiority of the [[marshal of the Soviet Union]] insignia. Also, on October 27, 1943, the ranks of marshal of the branches engineer troops and signals were established. On the uniform tie, marshals wore the marshal's star of the 2nd level.


In the branches, the rank of colonel general was followed by the next higher rank of marshal of the branch. While the rank of marshal of a branch was apparently equal to the one of general of the army (who was only entitled to the four small shoulder board stars), the marshals of branches had the marshal's star of the 2nd level on the tie and the large 40mm star on the shoulder boards, but the general of the army had neither. Generals of the army were given the 40mm star shoulder board and the marshal's star of the 2nd level on the tie in 1974.
*Marshal of the aviation (маршал авиаций)
*Marshal of the artillery (маршал артиллерии)
*Marshal of the armored troops (маршал танковых войск)


Marshals of branches were normally eligible for promotion to chief marshal of branch, however, neither was eligible for promotion to marshal of the Soviet Union. After 1984, the rank of marshal was preserved only in the air force and artillery. Later, the rank of marshal stopped being conferred even in these branches. The regulations of Russian Army, confirmed in 1993, unified the system of general ranks in all the branches: the ranks of marshal of artillery and marshal of aviation were replaced by the one of general of the army (or army aviation), and the rank of chief marshal was cancelled.
In October 1943, it was followed by the communications and engineer branches with the ranks:
*Marshal of the signal troops (маршал войскa связи)
*Marshal of the engineer troops (маршал иншенерых войск)

The top ranks of that rank group were chief marshal of the branch with the designation:<ref>Disposal of the "Presidium of the Supreme Soviet” from October 9, 1943 … on introduction of the ranks of marshal of the communications troops and marshal of the engineer troops, as well as the introduction of the rank of chief marshal of the branch.</ref>

*Chief marshal of the aviation (гавный маршал авиаций)
*Chief marshal of the artillery (гавный маршал артиллерии)
*Chief marshal of the armored troops (гавный маршал танковых войск)
*Chief marshal of the signal troops (гавный маршал войскa связи)
*Chief marshal of the engineer troops (гавный маршал иншенерых войск)

The five ranks marshal of the branch, as well as chief marshal of the branch were created at OF9-level.

{| class="wikipedia sortable" border="1"
|-align="center"
|width="30%" colspan="3" bgcolor= "#A0E0A0"|sequence of ranks
|-align="center"
|width="30%" colspan="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor= "#A0E0A0" |lower rank:<br />[[Colonel general]]<br /><small>(Генерал-полковник)</small>
|width="30%" colspan="2" bgcolor= "#A0E0A0"|[[General of the army]]<br /><small>(Генерал армии)</small>
|-align="center"
|width="35%" style="background:#bfbfbf;"|[[File:Red Army Badge.svg|30px]]<br />'''''Marshal of the branch'''''<br /><small>(Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск)</small>
|width="30%" align="center" style="background:#afafaf;" |<br />higher rank:<br />[[Chief marshal of the branch]]<br />
<small>(Главный ма́ршал ро́да во́йск)</small>
|}


==Rank insignia==
==Rank insignia==
The rank insignia of marshal of the branch was a large (c.50mm wide) five-pointed shoulder board star (at the time the same star was used on the shoulder boards of marshals of the Soviet Union). A marshal of the branch wore the second level five-pointed marshal's star on his uniform necktie.
The rank insignia of marshal of the branch was a large (~50mm-wide) five-pointed shoulder board star (at the time the same star was used on the shoulder boards of marshals of the Soviet Union). A marshal of the branch wore the second level five-pointed marshal's star on his uniform necktie.


When the rank of chief marshal of the branch was established, the size of the shoulder board stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller, indicating the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union. The first level marshal's star was worn on the uniform tie of chief marshals of the branch and marshals of the Soviet Union.
When the rank of chief marshal of the branch was established, the size of the shoulder board stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller, indicating the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union. The first level marshal's star was worn on the uniform tie of chief marshals of the branch and marshals of the Soviet Union.


In the branches, the rank of colonel general was succeeded by the rank of marshal of the branch, while the rank of marshal of a branch was apparently equal to the rank of general of the army (who was only entitled to the four small shoulder board stars). Marshals of branch, chief marshals of the branch and general of the army were at the OF9-level, generals of the army had neither marshals' stars on shoulder boards or uniform ties. However, in 1974 generals of the army were given the 40mm star shoulder board and the marshal's star of the second level on the tie.
In the branches, the rank of colonel general was succeeded by the rank of marshal of the branch, while the rank of marshal of a branch was apparently equal to the rank of general of the army (who was only entitled to the four small shoulder board stars). Marshals of branch, chief marshals of the branch and general of the army were at the OF9-level, generals of the army had neither marshals' stars on shoulder boards or uniform ties. However, in 1974, generals of the army were given the 40mm star shoulder board and the marshal's star of the second level on the tie.


Marshals of the branches were normally eligible for promotion to chief marshal of branch, however, neither was eligible for promotion to marshal of the Soviet Union. After 1984, the rank of marshal was preserved only in the air force and artillery. Later, the rank of marshal stopped being conferred even in these branches. The regulations of Russian Army, confirmed in 1993, unified the system of general ranks in all the branches. The ranks of marshal of the artillery and marshal of the aviation were replaced by the one of general of the army (or army aviation), and the rank of chief marshal was cancelled.
Marshals of the branches were normally eligible for promotion to chief marshal of branch, however, neither was eligible for promotion to marshal of the Soviet Union. After 1984, the rank of marshal was preserved only in the air force and artillery. Later, the rank of marshal stopped being conferred even in these branches. The regulations of Russian Army, confirmed in 1993, unified the system of general ranks in all the branches. The ranks of marshal of the artillery and marshal of the aviation were replaced by the one of general of the army (or army aviation), and the rank of chief marshal was cancelled.
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=== Shoulder boards & epaulettes===
=== Shoulder boards & epaulettes===


{| width="100%" style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:white; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
|- style="background:#afafaf;"
|- style="background:#afafaf;"
! colspan="1" | Designation
! colspan="1" | Designation
! colspan="5" | Marshal of the branch
! colspan="5" | Marshal of the branch
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
! rowspan="2" | ... to<br />service<br />uniform<br />basic
! rowspan="2" | ... to<br />dress<br />uniform
! colspan="5" style="background:#bfbfbf;"| Shoulder boards 1943 – 1955
! colspan="5" style="background:#bfbfbf;"| Shoulder boards 1943–1955
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
| [[File:1943art-p02.png|50px]]
| [[File:1943avia-p02.png|50px]]
| [[File:1943btv-p02.png|50px]]
| [[File:1943svjaz p02.png|50px]]
| [[File:1943ing p02.png|50px]]
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
| ... to<br />service / field<br />uniform
| [[File:RA A F9MarsArtil 1955.jpg|60px]]
| [[File:RA AF F9MarsAvia 1955.jpg|60px]]
| [[File:1943art-pf02.png|50px]]
| [[File:RA A F9MarsArmor 1955.jpg|60px]]
| [[File:1943avia-pf02.png|50px]]
| [[File:RA A F9MarsComs 1955.jpg|60px]]
| [[File:1943btv-pf02.png|50px]]
| [[File:RA A F9MarsEngin 1955.jpg|60px]]
| [[File:1943svjaz-pf02.png|50px]]
| [[File:1943ing-pf02.png|50px]]
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
! rowspan="2" | ... to<br />dress <br /> uniform
! rowspan="2" | ... to<br />dress <br /> uniform
! colspan="5" style="background:#cfcfcf;"| Shoulder boards 1955 – 1974
! colspan="5" style="background:#cfcfcf;"| Shoulder boards 1955–1974
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"
| [[File:SA A-artil F9Mars 1974v.png|60px]]
| [[File:SA A-artil F9Mars 1974v.png|50px]]
| [[File:SA AF F9Mars 1974v.svg|60px]]
| [[File:SA AF F9Mars 1974v.svg|50px]]
| [[File:SA A-armour F9Mars 1974v.png|60px]]
| [[File:SA A-armour F9Mars 1974v.png|50px]]
| [[File:SA A-sign F9Mars 1974v.png|60px]]
| [[File:SA A-sign F9Mars 1974v.png|50px]]
| [[File:SA A-engin F9Mars 1974v.png|60px]]
| [[File:SA A-engin F9Mars 1974v.png|50px]]
|- align="center" valign="center"
|- align="center" valign="center"
!Rank designation
! Russian designation
| {{lang|ru|Маршал<br />артиллерии}}
| {{lang|ru|Маршал<br />авиации}}
| {{lang|ru|Маршал<br />бронетанковых<br />войск}}
| {{lang|ru|Маршал<br />войск<br />связи}}
| {{lang|ru|Маршал<br />инженерных<br />войск}}
|-
| colspan=6| {{hr}}
|-
! English designation
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />artillery
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />artillery
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />aviation
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />aviation
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />armored<br />troops
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />armored<br />troops
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />signal<br />truppe
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />signal<br />troops
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />engineer<br />troops
! <small>Marshal<br />of&nbsp;the</small><br />engineer<br />troops
|- align="center" valign="center"
|- align="center" valign="center"
Line 120: Line 121:


=== Marshals of the artillery===
=== Marshals of the artillery===
#[[Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov|Voronov, Nikolai Nikolaevich]]; appointed 18 January 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov]]; appointed 18 January 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Nikolai Dmitriyevich Yakovlev|Yakovlev, Nikolai Dmitrievich]]; appointed 21 February 1944, rank removed 1952-1953
#[[Nikolai Dmitriyevich Yakovlev|Nikolai Dmitrievich Yakovlev]]; appointed 21 February 1944, rank removed 1952–1953
#[[Mikhail Nikolaevich Chistiakov|Chistiakov, Mikhail Nikolaevich]]; appointed 25 September 1944
#[[Mikhail Nikolaevich Chistiakov]]; appointed 25 September 1944
#[[Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin|Nedelin, Mitrofan Ivanovich]]; appointed 4 August 1953 (chief marshal 1955)
#[[Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin]]; appointed 4 August 1953 (chief marshal 1955)
#[[Sergei Sergeevich Varentsov|Varentsov, Sergei Sergeevich]]; appointed 11 March 1955 (chief marshal 1961), degraded to major general 1963
#[[Sergei Sergeevich Varentsov]]; appointed 11 March 1955 (chief marshal 1961), degraded to major general 1963
#[[Vasily Kazakov|Kazakov, Vasili Ivanovich]]; appointed 11 March 1955
#[[Vasily Kazakov|Vasili Ivanovich Kazakov]]; appointed 11 March 1955
#[[Konstantin Petrovich Kazakov]]; appointed 28 April 1962
#[[Yuri Bazhanov|Yuri Pavlovich Bazhanov]]; appointed 18 June 1965
#[[Pavel Kuleshov|Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov]]; appointed 28 October 1967
#[[Georgy Odintsov|Georgy Fedotovich Odintsov]]; appointed 22 February 1968
#[[Georgy Yefimovich Peredelsky]]; appointed 5 November 1973
#[[Yefim Boychuk|Yefim Vasilyevich Boychuk]]; appointed 4 November 1980
#[[Vladimir Mikhalkin|Vladimir Mikhailovich Mikhalkin]]; appointed 15 February 1989


===Marshals of the aviation===
===Marshals of aviation===
#[[Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov]]; appointed 17 March 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Alexander Novikov|Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov]]; appointed 17 March 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Alexander Evgenievich Golovanov]]; appointed 3 August 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Alexander Golovanov|Alexander Yevgenievich Golovanov]]; appointed 3 August 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
#[[Fedor Astakhov|Fedor Alexeevich Astakhov]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Fedor Astakhov|Fedor Alexeevich Astakhov]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Fedor Falaleyev|Fedor Yakovlevich Falaleev]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Fedor Falaleyev|Fedor Yakovlevich Falaleev]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Sergei Khudyakov|Sergei Alexandrovich Khudyakov]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Sergei Khudyakov|Sergei Alexandrovich Khudyakov]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Nikolai Skripko|Nikolai Semenovich Skripko]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Nikolai Skripko|Nikolai Semyonovich Skripko]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Grigory Vorozheikin|Grigory Alexeevich Vorozheikin]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Grigory Vorozheikin|Grigory Alexeevich Vorozheikin]]; appointed 19 August 1944
#[[Semen Zhavoronkov|Semen Fedorovich Zhavoronkov]]; appointed 25 September 1944
#[[Semyon Zhavoronkov|Semyon Fedorovich Zhavoronkov]]; appointed 25 September 1944
#[[Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin]]; appointed 3 June 1946 (chief marshal … 1959)
#[[Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin]]; appointed 3 June 1946 (chief marshal … 1959)
#[[Pavel Fedorovich Zhigarev]]; appointed 3 August 1953 (chief marshal … 1955)
#[[Pavel Fedorovich Zhigarev]]; appointed 3 August 1953 (chief marshal … 1955)
Line 141: Line 149:
#[[Vladimir Alexandrovich Sudets]]; appointed 11 March 1955
#[[Vladimir Alexandrovich Sudets]]; appointed 11 March 1955
#[[Stepan Krasovsky|Stepan Akimovich Krasovsky]]; appointed 8 May 1959
#[[Stepan Krasovsky|Stepan Akimovich Krasovsky]]; appointed 8 May 1959
#[[Pavel Stepanovich Kutakhov]]; appointed 1969 (chief marshal 1972)
#[[Yevgeny Savitsky|Yevgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky]]; appointed 6 May 1961
#[[Boris Pavlovich Bugaev]]; appointed 5 November 1973 (chief marshal 1977)
#[[Filipp Agaltsov|Filipp Alexandrovich Agaltsov]]; appointed 28 April 1962
#[[Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov]]; appointed 18 October 1973 (chief marshal 1984)
#[[Yevgeny Loginov|Yevgeny Fyodorovich Loginov]]; appointed 28 October 1967
#[[Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub]]; appointed 6 May 1985
#[[Pavel Kutakhov|Pavel Stepanovich Kutakhov]]; appointed 1969 (chief marshal 1972)
#[[Yevgeny Ivanovich Shaposhnikov]]; appointed 26 August 1991
#[[Ivan Borzov|Ivan Ivanovuch Borzov]]; appointed 16 December 1972
#[[Alexander Pokryshkin]]; appointed 16 December 1972
#[[Boris Bugaev|Boris Pavlovich Bugaev]]; appointed 5 November 1973 (chief marshal 1977)
#[[Georgy Zimin|Georgy Vasilyevich Zimin]]; appointed 5 November 1973
#[[Alexander Yefimov|Alexander Nikolayevich Yefimov]]; appointed 29 April 1975
#[[Ivan Pstygo|Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo]]; appointed 29 April 1975
#[[Alexander Silantyev|Alexander Petrovich Silantyev]]; appointed 19 February 1976
#[[Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov]]; appointed 28 October 1977 (chief marshal 1984)
#[[Grigory Skorikov|Grigory Petrovich Skorikov]]; appointed 4 November 1980
#[[Nikolai Skomorokhov|Nikolay Mikhailovich Skomorokhov]]; appointed 2 November 1981
#[[Pyotr Kirsanov|Pyotr Semyonovich Kirsanov]]; appointed 16 December 1982
#[[Anatoly Konstantinov|Anatoly Ustinovich Konstantinov]]; appointed 30 April 1985
#[[Ivan Kozhedub|Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub]]; appointed 6 May 1985
#[[Alexander Nikitovich Volkov]]; appointed 15 February 1989
#[[Yevgeny Shaposhnikov|Yevgeny Ivanovich Shaposhnikov]]; appointed 26 August 1991


===Marshals of the armored troops===
===Marshals of the armored troops===
#[[Pavel Alexeevich Rotmistrov|Rotmistrov, Pavel Alexeevich]]; appointed 21 February 1944 (chief marshal 1962)
#[[Pavel Rotmistrov|Pavel Alekseyevich Rotmistrov]]; appointed 21 February 1944 (chief marshal 1962)
#[[Yakov Fedorenko|Fedorenko, Yakov Nikolaevich]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[Yakov Fedorenko|Yakov Nikolaevich Fedorenko]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[Semen Bogdanov|Bogdanov, Semen Iliich]]; appointed 1 January 1944
#[[Semen Bogdanov|Semyon Iliych Bogdanov]]; appointed 1 June 1945
#[[Pavel Rybalko|Rybalko, Pavel Semenovich]]; appointed 1 June 1944
#[[Pavel Rybalko|Pavel Semenovich Rybalko]]; appointed 1 June 1945
#[[Mikhail Katukov|Katukov, Mikhail Efimovich]]; appointed 26 October 1959
#[[Mikhail Katukov|Mikhail Yefimovich Katukov]]; appointed 26 October 1959
#[[Polubojakov, Pavel Pavlovich]]; appointed 28 April 1962
#[[Pavel Pavlovich Poluboyakov]]; appointed 28 April 1962
#[[Hamazasp Babadzhanian|Babadzhanian, Hamazasp Khachaturovich]]; appointed 28 October 1967 (chief marshal 1975)
#[[Hamazasp Babadzhanian|Hamazasp Khachaturovich Babadzhanian]]; appointed 28 October 1967 (chief marshal 1975)
#[[Losik, Oleg Aleksandrovich]]; appointed 29 April 1975
#[[Oleg Aleksandrovich Losik]]; appointed 29 April 1975


===Marshals of the signal troops===
===Marshals of the signal troops===
#[[Ivan Peresypkin|Peresypkin, Ivan Terentevich]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[Ivan Peresypkin|Ivan Terentevich Peresypkin]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[leonov, Aleksey Ivanovich]]; appointed 6 May 1961
#[[Aleksey Ivanovich Leonov]]; appointed 6 May 1961
#[[Belov, Andey Ivanivich]]; appointed 5 November 1973
#[[Andrey Ivanovich Belov]]; appointed 5 November 1973
#[[Alekseev, Nikolay Nikolayevich]]; appointed 25 October 1979
#[[Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev]]; appointed 25 October 1979


===Marshals of engineer troops===
===Marshals of engineer troops===
#[[Mikhail Vorobyev|Vorobiev, Mikhail Petrovich]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[Mikhail Vorobyev (engineer)|Mikhail Petrovich Vorobyev]]; appointed 21 February 1944
#[[Proshljakov, Aleksey Ivanovich]]; appointed 6 May 1961
#[[Aleksey Ivanovich Proshlyakov]]; appointed 6 May 1961
#[[Charshenko, Viktor Kondradevich]]; appointed 16 December 1972
#[[Viktor Kondradevich Charshenko]]; appointed 16 December 1972
#[[Archil Gelovani|Gelovani, Archil Viktorovich]]; appointed 28 October 1977
#[[Archil Gelovani|Archil Viktorovich Gelovani]]; appointed 28 October 1977
#[[Sergey Aganov|Aganov, Sergey Christoforovich]]; appointed 5 May 1980
#[[Sergey Aganov|Sergey Christoforovich Aganov]]; appointed 5 May 1980
#[[Sherstopalov, Nikolay Fyodorovich]]; appointed 6 May 1981
#[[Nikolay Fyodorovich Sherstopalov]]; appointed 6 May 1981


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Marshal of the Soviet Union]]
*[[Chief marshal of the branch]]
*[[Chief marshal of the branch]]
*[[Ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Army 1943–1955]], and [[Ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Army 1955–1991|... 1955–1991]]
*[[Ranks and insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1943–1955]], and [[Ranks and insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1955–1991|1955–1991]]


== Sources / references ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


[[Category:Military ranks of Russia]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Russia]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military ranks of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Soviet Air Force marshals| ]]
[[Category:Soviet Air Force marshals| ]]
[[Category:Soviet marshals of the branch| ]]

Latest revision as of 14:21, 29 October 2024

Marshal of the branch
Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск
Branch specific shoulder boards
Country Soviet Union
Service branch Soviet Army
 Soviet Air Forces
Rank groupGeneral officer
RankMarshal
Formation1943
Abolished1991
Next higher rankChief marshal of the branch
Next lower rankColonel general
Marshal of Aviation Alexander Yefimov (1923-2012)
Uniform of marshal of the artillery Grigoriy Fedorovich Odinzov (1900—1972)
Military historical museum, St. Petersburg

Marshal of the branch (or "marshal of the branch of service"; Russian: Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск, romanizedMarshal roda voysk) was from 1943 to 1974 the designation to a separate rank class in the general officer's rank group of the former Soviet Union's armed forces.

However, at that time, marshal of the branch was also the lowest marshal-rank of the Red Army, and later of the Soviet Army. Marshal of the branch was nominally the equivalent rank level to army general. However, general officers on that particular rank were not authorised, competent and mandated to be appointed to, or to act on the position of commander in chief of a big formation or command.

Establishment

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The term "marshal of the branch" was calqued from the German General der Waffengattung (general of the branch). The ranks of marshal of aviation, artillery and armoured troops branches were established on February 4, 1943, with a large, approximately 50mm wide, shoulder board star (the same star as the at-the-time equivalent rank of marshal of the Soviet Union's shoulder board star).[1] When the rank of chief marshal was established on October 27, 1943, the size of the shoulder board's stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller establishing the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union insignia. Also, on October 27, 1943, the ranks of marshal of the branches engineer troops and signals were established. On the uniform tie, marshals wore the marshal's star of the 2nd level.

In the branches, the rank of colonel general was followed by the next higher rank of marshal of the branch. While the rank of marshal of a branch was apparently equal to the one of general of the army (who was only entitled to the four small shoulder board stars), the marshals of branches had the marshal's star of the 2nd level on the tie and the large 40mm star on the shoulder boards, but the general of the army had neither. Generals of the army were given the 40mm star shoulder board and the marshal's star of the 2nd level on the tie in 1974.

Marshals of branches were normally eligible for promotion to chief marshal of branch, however, neither was eligible for promotion to marshal of the Soviet Union. After 1984, the rank of marshal was preserved only in the air force and artillery. Later, the rank of marshal stopped being conferred even in these branches. The regulations of Russian Army, confirmed in 1993, unified the system of general ranks in all the branches: the ranks of marshal of artillery and marshal of aviation were replaced by the one of general of the army (or army aviation), and the rank of chief marshal was cancelled.

Rank insignia

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The rank insignia of marshal of the branch was a large (~50mm-wide) five-pointed shoulder board star (at the time the same star was used on the shoulder boards of marshals of the Soviet Union). A marshal of the branch wore the second level five-pointed marshal's star on his uniform necktie.

When the rank of chief marshal of the branch was established, the size of the shoulder board stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller, indicating the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union. The first level marshal's star was worn on the uniform tie of chief marshals of the branch and marshals of the Soviet Union.

In the branches, the rank of colonel general was succeeded by the rank of marshal of the branch, while the rank of marshal of a branch was apparently equal to the rank of general of the army (who was only entitled to the four small shoulder board stars). Marshals of branch, chief marshals of the branch and general of the army were at the OF9-level, generals of the army had neither marshals' stars on shoulder boards or uniform ties. However, in 1974, generals of the army were given the 40mm star shoulder board and the marshal's star of the second level on the tie.

Marshals of the branches were normally eligible for promotion to chief marshal of branch, however, neither was eligible for promotion to marshal of the Soviet Union. After 1984, the rank of marshal was preserved only in the air force and artillery. Later, the rank of marshal stopped being conferred even in these branches. The regulations of Russian Army, confirmed in 1993, unified the system of general ranks in all the branches. The ranks of marshal of the artillery and marshal of the aviation were replaced by the one of general of the army (or army aviation), and the rank of chief marshal was cancelled.

Shoulder boards & epaulettes

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Designation Marshal of the branch
... to
dress
uniform
Shoulder boards 1943–1955
... to
service / field
uniform
... to
dress
uniform
Shoulder boards 1955–1974
Russian designation Маршал
артиллерии
Маршал
авиации
Маршал
бронетанковых
войск
Маршал
войск
связи
Маршал
инженерных
войск

English designation Marshal
of the

artillery
Marshal
of the

aviation
Marshal
of the

armored
troops
Marshal
of the

signal
troops
Marshal
of the

engineer
troops
Emblem
NATO-equivalent OF-9

List of marshals of the branch

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Marshals of the artillery

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  1. Nikolai Nikolaevich Voronov; appointed 18 January 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
  2. Nikolai Dmitrievich Yakovlev; appointed 21 February 1944, rank removed 1952–1953
  3. Mikhail Nikolaevich Chistiakov; appointed 25 September 1944
  4. Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin; appointed 4 August 1953 (chief marshal 1955)
  5. Sergei Sergeevich Varentsov; appointed 11 March 1955 (chief marshal 1961), degraded to major general 1963
  6. Vasili Ivanovich Kazakov; appointed 11 March 1955
  7. Konstantin Petrovich Kazakov; appointed 28 April 1962
  8. Yuri Pavlovich Bazhanov; appointed 18 June 1965
  9. Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov; appointed 28 October 1967
  10. Georgy Fedotovich Odintsov; appointed 22 February 1968
  11. Georgy Yefimovich Peredelsky; appointed 5 November 1973
  12. Yefim Vasilyevich Boychuk; appointed 4 November 1980
  13. Vladimir Mikhailovich Mikhalkin; appointed 15 February 1989

Marshals of aviation

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  1. Alexander Alexandrovich Novikov; appointed 17 March 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
  2. Alexander Yevgenievich Golovanov; appointed 3 August 1943 (chief marshal 1944)
  3. Fedor Alexeevich Astakhov; appointed 19 August 1944
  4. Fedor Yakovlevich Falaleev; appointed 19 August 1944
  5. Sergei Alexandrovich Khudyakov; appointed 19 August 1944
  6. Nikolai Semyonovich Skripko; appointed 19 August 1944
  7. Grigory Alexeevich Vorozheikin; appointed 19 August 1944
  8. Semyon Fedorovich Zhavoronkov; appointed 25 September 1944
  9. Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin; appointed 3 June 1946 (chief marshal … 1959)
  10. Pavel Fedorovich Zhigarev; appointed 3 August 1953 (chief marshal … 1955)
  11. Sergei Ignatevich Rudenko; appointed 11 March 1955
  12. Vladimir Alexandrovich Sudets; appointed 11 March 1955
  13. Stepan Akimovich Krasovsky; appointed 8 May 1959
  14. Yevgeny Yakovlevich Savitsky; appointed 6 May 1961
  15. Filipp Alexandrovich Agaltsov; appointed 28 April 1962
  16. Yevgeny Fyodorovich Loginov; appointed 28 October 1967
  17. Pavel Stepanovich Kutakhov; appointed 1969 (chief marshal 1972)
  18. Ivan Ivanovuch Borzov; appointed 16 December 1972
  19. Alexander Pokryshkin; appointed 16 December 1972
  20. Boris Pavlovich Bugaev; appointed 5 November 1973 (chief marshal 1977)
  21. Georgy Vasilyevich Zimin; appointed 5 November 1973
  22. Alexander Nikolayevich Yefimov; appointed 29 April 1975
  23. Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo; appointed 29 April 1975
  24. Alexander Petrovich Silantyev; appointed 19 February 1976
  25. Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov; appointed 28 October 1977 (chief marshal 1984)
  26. Grigory Petrovich Skorikov; appointed 4 November 1980
  27. Nikolay Mikhailovich Skomorokhov; appointed 2 November 1981
  28. Pyotr Semyonovich Kirsanov; appointed 16 December 1982
  29. Anatoly Ustinovich Konstantinov; appointed 30 April 1985
  30. Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub; appointed 6 May 1985
  31. Alexander Nikitovich Volkov; appointed 15 February 1989
  32. Yevgeny Ivanovich Shaposhnikov; appointed 26 August 1991

Marshals of the armored troops

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  1. Pavel Alekseyevich Rotmistrov; appointed 21 February 1944 (chief marshal 1962)
  2. Yakov Nikolaevich Fedorenko; appointed 21 February 1944
  3. Semyon Iliych Bogdanov; appointed 1 June 1945
  4. Pavel Semenovich Rybalko; appointed 1 June 1945
  5. Mikhail Yefimovich Katukov; appointed 26 October 1959
  6. Pavel Pavlovich Poluboyakov; appointed 28 April 1962
  7. Hamazasp Khachaturovich Babadzhanian; appointed 28 October 1967 (chief marshal 1975)
  8. Oleg Aleksandrovich Losik; appointed 29 April 1975

Marshals of the signal troops

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  1. Ivan Terentevich Peresypkin; appointed 21 February 1944
  2. Aleksey Ivanovich Leonov; appointed 6 May 1961
  3. Andrey Ivanovich Belov; appointed 5 November 1973
  4. Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev; appointed 25 October 1979

Marshals of engineer troops

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  1. Mikhail Petrovich Vorobyev; appointed 21 February 1944
  2. Aleksey Ivanovich Proshlyakov; appointed 6 May 1961
  3. Viktor Kondradevich Charshenko; appointed 16 December 1972
  4. Archil Viktorovich Gelovani; appointed 28 October 1977
  5. Sergey Christoforovich Aganov; appointed 5 May 1980
  6. Nikolay Fyodorovich Sherstopalov; appointed 6 May 1981

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Disposal of the "Presidium of the Supreme Soviet" from January 16, 1943 … on introduction of the new of ranks marshal of the aviation, marshal of the artillery and marshal of the armored troops.