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{{Short description|American physicist}}
{{Infobox_Scientist
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
| name = Raymond Y. Chiao
{{More footnotes needed|date=September 2023}}
| image =‎
{{Infobox scientist
|imagesize = 80px
| name = Raymond Y. Chiao
| caption =
| image = Raymond_Chiao_at-UCMERCED-Lab.JPG
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|10|9}}
|image_size =
| birth_place = [Hong Kong]
| caption =Raymond Chiao outside his UC Merced Lab
| death_date =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|10|9}}
| death_place =
| residence = [[United States]]
| birth_place = [[British Hong Kong]]
| death_date =
| nationality = [[United States]]
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| field = [[Physics]]
| field = [[Physics]]
| work_institution = [[UC Merced]]</br>[[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]]</br>[[MIT]]
| work_institution = [[UC Merced]]<br>[[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]]<br>[[MIT]]
| alma_mater = [[MIT]]</br>[[Princeton University]]
| alma_mater = [[MIT]]<br>[[Princeton University]]
| thesis_title = Brillouin scattering and coherent phonon generation
| thesis_year = 1965
| thesis_url = https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106707/25396095-MIT.pdf
| doctoral_advisor = [[Charles Hard Townes]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Charles Hard Townes]]
| doctoral_students = [[Paul Kwiat]]</br>[[Aephraim Steinberg]]
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Paul Kwiat]]
* [[Aephraim M. Steinberg]]
}}
| known_for = Measuring the [[Tunneling Time]], Observation of [[Berry's Topological Phase]]
| known_for = Measuring the [[tunneling time]],<br>observation of Berry's topological phase
| prizes = {{nowrap|[[Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics ]] (2006)}}</br> [[Einstein Prize for Laser Science]] (1993)
| prizes = {{nowrap|Willis E. Lamb Award<br>for Laser Science and Quantum Optics (2006)}}<br>[[Einstein Prize for Laser Science]] (awarded at [[The International Conference on Lasers and Applications, Lasers 'XX|''Lasers'' '93]])
| religion = [[Christian]]
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Raymond Y. Chiao''' is an American physicist best known for his experimental work in [[quantum optics]]. He is currently on the faculty of the [[University of California, Merced]], where he is conducting research on [[gravitational radiation]].
'''Raymond Y. Chiao''' is an American physicist best known for his experimental work in [[quantum optics]]. He is currently an emeritus faculty member at the [[University of California, Merced]] physics department, where he is conducting research on [[gravitational radiation]] in collaboration with Prof. Jay Sharping.


== Biography ==
==Biography==
Raymond Chiao was born in Hong Kong on October 9, 1940, and moved as a child to the United States in 1947. He grew up in New York City, where he attended [[Collegiate School (New York)|Collegiate School]]. It was there that he first got interested in science through reading [[George Gamow|Gamow]]’s book ''[[One Two Three... Infinity]]''.


He was admitted to Princeton University in 1957 as an electrical engineer, but then switched to the physics department, where he worked on a senior thesis project given to him by [[John Archibald Wheeler]] on the quantization of general relativity. He then switched from theoretical physics to experimental physics in graduate studies at MIT under the supervision of [[Charles Hard Townes]], shortly after the experimental realization of the ruby laser. His thesis topic was on the first observation of stimulated [[Brillouin scattering]].


After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1965 from MIT, he taught as an assistant professor there until 1967. He moved to UC Berkeley in 1967, and remained there until 2006, where he advised at least 11 PhD students. After which he took a position at the UC's newly opened campus [[UC Merced]].
Raymond Chiao was born in Hong Kong on Oct. 9, 1940, and moved as a child to the United States in 1947. He grew up in New York City, where he attended Collegiate School. It was there that he first got interested in science through reading Gamow’s book One, Two, Three, ..., Infinity.


==Discoveries==
He was admitted to Princeton University in 1957 as an electrical engineer, but then switched to the physics department, where he worked unsuccessfully with [[John Archibald Wheeler]] on a senior thesis project on the quantization of general relativity. He then switched from theoretical physics to experimental physics in graduate studies at MIT under the supervision of [[Charles Hard Townes]], shortly after the experimental realization of the ruby laser. His thesis topic was on the first observation of stimulated [[Brillouin scattering]].
Chiao has become well known in the field of [[quantum optics]] due to several important experiments. Based on former experiments carried out by Günter Nimtz in 1992<ref>{{cite journal |year=1992 |title=On superluminal barrier traversal |url= https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00246649/document |journal=J. Phys. I France |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=1693–1698 |doi=10.1051/jp1:1992236 |last1=Enders |first1=A. |last2=Nimtz |first2=G. |bibcode=1992JPhy1...2.1693E}}</ref> he measured the [[quantum tunnelling]] time, which was found to be between 1.5 and 1.7 times the speed of light. Interpretation of these results is open to question (see references below pertaining to tunneling time). He also was the first to measure the topological Berry's Phase ([[Geometric phase]]).


==Current work==
After obtaining his Ph. D. in 1965 from MIT, he taught as an assistant professor there until 1967. He moved to UC Berkeley in 1967, and remained there until 2006, after which he took a position at the UC's newly opened campus [[UC Merced]].
As of 2006, he accepted a faculty position at UC Merced and turned his full energy on the project of detecting gravitational waves through the use of superconductors. As of 2010 he became emeritus faculty but he continues to advise several PhD Students.


== Discoveries ==
==Bibliography==
===Books===
* {{cite book |last=Chiao |first=Raymond Y. |title=Amazing light: a volume dedicated to Charles Hard Townes on his 80th birthday |location=New York |publisher=Springer |year=1996 |isbn=0-387-94658-6 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8 |access-date=October 29, 2024}}
* {{cite book |last1=Garrison |first1=John C. |last2=Chiao |first2=Raymond Y. |title=Quantum optics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-850886-1 |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/7135 |access-date=October 29, 2024}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Chiao |editor-first1=Raymond Y. |editor-last2=Cohen |editor-first2=Marvin L. |editor-last3=Leggett |editor-first3=Anthony J. |editor-last4=Phillips |editor-first4=William D. |editor-last5=Harper |editor-first5=Charles L. |title=Visions of discovery new light on physics, cosmology, and consciousness |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-108-92872-4 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/it/universitypress/subjects/physics/history-philosophy-and-foundations-physics/visions-discovery-new-light-physics-cosmology-and-consciousness?format=HB& |access-date=October 29, 2024}}


===Articles===
Chiao has become well known in the field of [[quantum optics]] due to several important experiments. He was first to measure the [[quantum tunnelling]] time, which was found to be between 1.5 to 1.7 times the speed of light. He also was the first to measure the topological Berry's Phase ([[Geometric phase]]) .
* {{cite journal |last1=Tomita |first1=Akira |last2=Chiao |first2=Raymond Y. |title=Observation of Berry's Topological Phase by Use of an Optical Fiber |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=57 |number=8 |pages=937-940 |date=25 August 1986 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.937}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Steinberg |first1=Aephraim M. |author-link1=Aephraim M. Steinberg |last2=Kwiat |first2=Paul G. |author-link2=Paul Kwiat |last3=Chiao |first3=Raymond Y. |date=2 August 1993 |title=Measurement of the Single-Photon Tunneling Time |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=71 |number=5 |publisher=American Physical Society |pages=708–711 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.708}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Steinberg |first1=Aephraim M. |last2=Chiao |first2=Raymond. Y |title=Tunneling delay times in one and two dimensions |journal=Physical Review A |publisher=American Physical Society |volume=49 |number=5 |pages=3283-3295 |date=1 May 1994 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.49.3283}}


== Current Work ==
==References==
<references />


==External links==
In a sense, Chiao never stopped working on the project his undergraduate thesis adviser [[John Archibald Wheeler]] gave him, of quantizing gravity. As of 2006, he accepted a faculty position at UC Merced and turned his full energy on the project of detecting gravitational waves through the use of superconductors.
*[http://www.ucmerced.edu/faculty/facultybio.asp?facultyid=58 Chiao's UC Merced faculty bio page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201032044/http://www.ucmerced.edu/faculty/facultybio.asp?facultyid=58 |date=2008-12-01 }}
*[https://naturalsciences.ucmerced.edu/people/raymond-chiao Chiao's UC Merced bio page]
*[https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=64801 Chiao's academic family tree]


{{Authority control}}
== References and External Links ==
*[http://www.ucmerced.edu/faculty/facultybio.asp?facultyid=58 Chiao's UC Merced faculty bio page]
*[http://faculty1.ucmerced.edu/rchiao Chiao's UC Merced web page]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiao, Raymond}}
;Tunnelling Time
[[Category:1940 births]]
*http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/TunnelingTime.html
[[Category:Living people]]
*http://www.aei.mpg.de/~mpoessel/Physik/FTL/tunnelingftl.html
[[Category:21st-century American physicists]]

[[Category:Fellows of Optica (society)]]
Various
[[Category:Hong Kong emigrants to the United States]]
*http://www.lambmedal.org/2006/2006-chiao.html
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni]]
*http://www.ucmerced.edu/news_articles/12142005_renowned_berkeley_physicist_raymond.asp
[[Category:American optical physicists]]

== Books ==

[http://books.google.com/books?id=1-nhz2Ek-X8C Quantum Optics] By John Garrison, Raymond Chiao </br>
[http://books.google.com/books?id=U1RRAAAAMAAJ&q=amazing+light&dq=amazing+light&pgis=1 Amazing Light] By Raymond Chiao

== Publications ==

A.M. Steinberg and R. Y. Chiao Tunneling delay times in one and two dimensions Phys. Rev. A 49, 3283 - 3295 (1994)
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v49/i5/p3283_1

A. Tomita and R.Y. Chiao Observation of Berry's Topological Phase by Use of an Optical Fiber Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 937 - 940 (1986)
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v57/i8/p937_1

== Media Coverage ==

http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/07/20/speed.of.light.ap/ </br>
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE0D8123BF935A15750C0A9649C8B63 </br>
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0DE0D8123BF935A15750C0A9649C8B63 </br>
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/examiner/article.cgi?year=1997&month=08&day=11&article=NEWS378.dtl </br>

[[Category:American physicists]]
[[Category:Quantum physicists]]
[[Category:Quantum gravity physicists]]
[[Category:Quantum gravity physicists]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Merced faculty]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from New York City]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Merced faculty]]
[[Category:Collegiate School (New York) alumni]]
[[Category:Hong Kong physicists]]

Latest revision as of 17:26, 29 October 2024

Raymond Y. Chiao
Raymond Chiao outside his UC Merced Lab
Born (1940-10-09) October 9, 1940 (age 84)
British Hong Kong
NationalityAmerican
Alma materMIT
Princeton University
Known forMeasuring the tunneling time,
observation of Berry's topological phase
AwardsWillis E. Lamb Award
for Laser Science and Quantum Optics (2006)
Einstein Prize for Laser Science (awarded at Lasers '93)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUC Merced
Berkeley
MIT
ThesisBrillouin scattering and coherent phonon generation (1965)
Doctoral advisorCharles Hard Townes
Doctoral students

Raymond Y. Chiao is an American physicist best known for his experimental work in quantum optics. He is currently an emeritus faculty member at the University of California, Merced physics department, where he is conducting research on gravitational radiation in collaboration with Prof. Jay Sharping.

Biography

[edit]

Raymond Chiao was born in Hong Kong on October 9, 1940, and moved as a child to the United States in 1947. He grew up in New York City, where he attended Collegiate School. It was there that he first got interested in science through reading Gamow’s book One Two Three... Infinity.

He was admitted to Princeton University in 1957 as an electrical engineer, but then switched to the physics department, where he worked on a senior thesis project given to him by John Archibald Wheeler on the quantization of general relativity. He then switched from theoretical physics to experimental physics in graduate studies at MIT under the supervision of Charles Hard Townes, shortly after the experimental realization of the ruby laser. His thesis topic was on the first observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering.

After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1965 from MIT, he taught as an assistant professor there until 1967. He moved to UC Berkeley in 1967, and remained there until 2006, where he advised at least 11 PhD students. After which he took a position at the UC's newly opened campus UC Merced.

Discoveries

[edit]

Chiao has become well known in the field of quantum optics due to several important experiments. Based on former experiments carried out by Günter Nimtz in 1992[1] he measured the quantum tunnelling time, which was found to be between 1.5 and 1.7 times the speed of light. Interpretation of these results is open to question (see references below pertaining to tunneling time). He also was the first to measure the topological Berry's Phase (Geometric phase).

Current work

[edit]

As of 2006, he accepted a faculty position at UC Merced and turned his full energy on the project of detecting gravitational waves through the use of superconductors. As of 2010 he became emeritus faculty but he continues to advise several PhD Students.

Bibliography

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • Chiao, Raymond Y. (1996). Amazing light: a volume dedicated to Charles Hard Townes on his 80th birthday. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94658-6. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  • Garrison, John C.; Chiao, Raymond Y. (2008). Quantum optics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850886-1. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  • Chiao, Raymond Y.; Cohen, Marvin L.; Leggett, Anthony J.; Phillips, William D.; Harper, Charles L., eds. (2010). Visions of discovery new light on physics, cosmology, and consciousness. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-92872-4. Retrieved October 29, 2024.

Articles

[edit]
  • Tomita, Akira; Chiao, Raymond Y. (August 25, 1986). "Observation of Berry's Topological Phase by Use of an Optical Fiber". Physical Review Letters. 57 (8): 937–940. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.937.
  • Steinberg, Aephraim M.; Kwiat, Paul G.; Chiao, Raymond Y. (August 2, 1993). "Measurement of the Single-Photon Tunneling Time". Physical Review Letters. 71 (5). American Physical Society: 708–711. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.708.
  • Steinberg, Aephraim M.; Chiao, Raymond. Y (May 1, 1994). "Tunneling delay times in one and two dimensions". Physical Review A. 49 (5). American Physical Society: 3283–3295. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.49.3283.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Enders, A.; Nimtz, G. (1992). "On superluminal barrier traversal". J. Phys. I France. 2 (9): 1693–1698. Bibcode:1992JPhy1...2.1693E. doi:10.1051/jp1:1992236.
[edit]
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