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{{short description|Soviet computer scientist}}
{{No footnotes|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|birth_name = Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev
| birth_name = Sergey Alekseyevich Lebedev
|image = Lebedevwrite.jpg
| image = Lebedevwrite.jpg
⚫
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|2 November|1902|20 October}}
|image_size = 250px
| birth_place = [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russian Empire]]
|caption = Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1974|7|3|1902|11|2|df=y}}
⚫
|birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|2 November|1902|2 November}}
|birth_place = [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]]
| death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
⚫
| nationality = <!-- Russified Ukrainian<ref>{{cite web|author=Ihor Hyrych|url=http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/gyrych.htm|script-title=uk:Між Російським і Українським берегами. Володимир Вернадський і національне питання (у світлі щоденника 1917-1921 років)|trans-title=Between Russian and Ukrainian shores. Vladimir Vernadsky and the question of nationality (in light of the diary of 1917-1921)|publisher=Mappa mundi|pages=735-756|date=1996|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> -->
⚫
|death_date = {{death date and age|1974|7|3|1902|11|2|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]]
| field = [[electrical engineering]], [[computer science]]
⚫
| work_institutions = [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]<br/>[[Kiev Electrotechnical Institute]]<br/>[[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]<br/>[[Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering]]
|residence = [[Russian Empire]z<br/>[[Soviet Union]]
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]
⚫
|nationality = <!-- Russified Ukrainian<ref>{{cite web|author=Ihor Hyrych|url=http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/gyrych.htm|script-title=uk:Між Російським і Українським берегами. Володимир Вернадський і національне питання (у світлі щоденника 1917-1921 років)|trans-title=Between Russian and Ukrainian shores. Vladimir Vernadsky and the question of nationality (in light of the diary of 1917-1921)|publisher=Mappa mundi|pages=735-756|date=1996|accessdate=16 December 2015}}</ref> -->
⚫
| known_for = [[MESM]]<br/>[[BESM]]
|field = [[ electrical engineering]], [[computer science]]
⚫
| doctoral_students = [[Lev Korolyov (scientist)|Lev Korolyov]]
⚫
|work_institutions = [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]<br/>[[Kiev Electrotechnical Institute]]<br/>[[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]<br/>[[Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering]]
| signature = LebedevSA.png
⚫
|alma_mater = [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University]]
⚫
|known_for = [[MESM]]<br/>[[BESM]]
⚫
| doctoral_students = [[Lev Nikolayevich Korolyov]]
|signature =
}}
}}


'''Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev''' ({{lang-ru|Серге́й Алексе́евич Ле́бедев}}; 2 November 1902, [[New Style|n.s.]] – 3 July 1974) was a [[Russia|Russian-born]] [[Ukrainian Soviet Republic|Ukrainian Soviet]] scientist in the fields of [[electrical engineering]] and [[computer science]], and designer of the first Soviet computers.
'''Sergey Alekseyevich Lebedev''' ({{langx|ru|Серге́й Алексе́евич Ле́бедев}}; 2 November, 1902 – 3 July, 1974) was a Soviet scientist in the fields of [[electrical engineering]] and [[computer science]], and designer of the first Soviet computers.


==Biography==
⚫
Lebedev was born in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russia]]. He graduated from [[Moscow State Technical University|Moscow Highest Technical School]] in 1928. From then until 1946 he worked at [[All-Union Electrotechnical Institute]] (formerly a division of MSTU) in [[Moscow]] and [[Kiev]]. In 1939 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Sciences for the development of the theory of "artificial stability" of electrical systems.

⚫
Lebedev was born in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russian Empire]]. He graduated from [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University|Moscow Highest Technical School]] in 1928. From then until 1946 he worked at [[All-Union Electrotechnical Institute]] (formerly a division of MSTU) in [[Moscow]] and [[Kyiv]]. In 1939 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Sciences for the development of the theory of "artificial stability" of electrical systems.


During [[World War II]], Lebedev worked in the field of control automation of complex systems. His group designed a weapon-aiming stabilization system for tanks and an automatic guidance system for airborne missiles. To perform these tasks Lebedev developed an [[analog computer]] system to solve ordinary differential equations.
During [[World War II]], Lebedev worked in the field of control automation of complex systems. His group designed a weapon-aiming stabilization system for tanks and an automatic guidance system for airborne missiles. To perform these tasks Lebedev developed an [[analog computer]] system to solve ordinary differential equations.


From 1946 to 1951 he headed the [[Kiev Electrotechnical Institute]] of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, working on improving the stability of electrical systems. For this work he received the Stalin (State) prize in 1950.
From 1946 to 1951 he headed the [[NASU Institute of Electrodynamics|Kiev Electrotechnical Institute]] of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, working on improving the stability of electrical systems. For this work he received the Stalin (State) prize in 1950.


In 1948 Lebedev learned from foreign magazines that scientists in western countries were working on the design of electronic computers, although the details were secret. In the autumn of the same year he decided to focus the work of his laboratory on computer design. Lebedev's first computer, [[BESM|BESM-1]], was completed by the end of 1951. In April 1953 the State commission accepted the BESM-1 as operational, but it did not go into series production because of opposition from the Ministry of Machine and Instrument Building, which had developed its own weaker and less reliable machine.
In 1948 Lebedev learned from foreign magazines that scientists in western countries were working on the design of electronic computers, although the details were secret. In the autumn of the same year he decided to focus the work of his laboratory on computer design. Lebedev's first computer, [[MESM]], was fully completed by the end of 1951. In April 1953 the State commission accepted the BESM-1 as operational, but it did not go into series production because of opposition from the Ministry of Machine and Instrument Building, which had developed its own weaker and less reliable machine.


Lebedev then began development of a new, more powerful computer, the M-20, the number denoting its expected processing speed of twenty thousand operations per second. In 1958 the machine was accepted as operational and put into series production. Simultaneously the BESM-2, a development of the BESM-1, went into series production. Though the BESM-2 was slower than the M-20, it was more reliable. It was used to calculate satellite orbits and the trajectory of the first rocket to reach the surface of the Moon. Lebedev and his team developed several more computers, notably the BESM-6, which was in production for 17 years.
Lebedev then began development of a new, more powerful computer, the M-20, the number denoting its expected processing speed of twenty thousand operations per second. In 1958 the machine was accepted as operational and put into series production. Simultaneously the BESM-2, a development of the BESM-1, went into series production. Though the BESM-2 was slower than the M-20, it was more reliable. It was used to calculate satellite orbits and the trajectory of the first rocket to reach the surface of the Moon. Lebedev and his team developed several more computers, notably the [[BESM-6]], which was in production for 17 years.


In 1952, Lebedev became a professor at the [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]. From 1953 until his death he was the director of what is now called the [[Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering|Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering]].
In 1952, Lebedev became a professor at the [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]. From 1953 until his death he was the director of what is now called the [[Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering|Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering]].
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*[[History of computing hardware]]
*[[History of computing hardware]]
*[[List of pioneers in computer science]]
*[[List of pioneers in computer science]]
*[[Sergey Lebedev (chemist)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebedev, Sergey Alexeyevich}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebedev, Sergey Alexeyevich}}
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:Computer designers]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
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[[Category:People from Nizhny Novgorod]]
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[[Category:Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Moscow Power Engineering Institute]]
[[Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni]]
[[Category:Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni]]
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[[Category:Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology faculty]]
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[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]]
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[[Category:Soviet computer scientists]]
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[[Category:Russian inventors]]
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[[Category:People in information technology]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
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[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the USSR State Prize]]
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[[Category:Computer designers]]
[[Category:Computer hardware engineers]]
[[Category:Russian expatriates in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Russian expatriates in Ukraine]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:Soviet computer scientists]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Soviet inventors]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
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[[Category:Russian scientists]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 29 October 2024

Sergey Lebedev
Born
Sergey Alekseyevich Lebedev

2 November [O.S. 20 October] 1902
Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire
Died3 July 1974(1974-07-03) (aged 71)
Moscow, Soviet Union
Alma materBauman Moscow State Technical University
Known forMESM
BESM
Scientific career
Fieldselectrical engineering, computer science
InstitutionsNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kiev Electrotechnical Institute
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering
Doctoral studentsLev Korolyov
Signature

Sergey Alekseyevich Lebedev (Russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Ле́бедев; 2 November, 1902 – 3 July, 1974) was a Soviet scientist in the fields of electrical engineering and computer science, and designer of the first Soviet computers.

Biography

[edit]

Lebedev was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire. He graduated from Moscow Highest Technical School in 1928. From then until 1946 he worked at All-Union Electrotechnical Institute (formerly a division of MSTU) in Moscow and Kyiv. In 1939 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Sciences for the development of the theory of "artificial stability" of electrical systems.

During World War II, Lebedev worked in the field of control automation of complex systems. His group designed a weapon-aiming stabilization system for tanks and an automatic guidance system for airborne missiles. To perform these tasks Lebedev developed an analog computer system to solve ordinary differential equations.

From 1946 to 1951 he headed the Kiev Electrotechnical Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, working on improving the stability of electrical systems. For this work he received the Stalin (State) prize in 1950.

In 1948 Lebedev learned from foreign magazines that scientists in western countries were working on the design of electronic computers, although the details were secret. In the autumn of the same year he decided to focus the work of his laboratory on computer design. Lebedev's first computer, MESM, was fully completed by the end of 1951. In April 1953 the State commission accepted the BESM-1 as operational, but it did not go into series production because of opposition from the Ministry of Machine and Instrument Building, which had developed its own weaker and less reliable machine.

Lebedev then began development of a new, more powerful computer, the M-20, the number denoting its expected processing speed of twenty thousand operations per second. In 1958 the machine was accepted as operational and put into series production. Simultaneously the BESM-2, a development of the BESM-1, went into series production. Though the BESM-2 was slower than the M-20, it was more reliable. It was used to calculate satellite orbits and the trajectory of the first rocket to reach the surface of the Moon. Lebedev and his team developed several more computers, notably the BESM-6, which was in production for 17 years.

In 1952, Lebedev became a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. From 1953 until his death he was the director of what is now called the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering.

Lebedev died in Moscow and is interred at Novodevichy Cemetery.

In 1996 the IEEE Computer Society recognized Sergey Lebedev with a Computer Pioneer Award for his work in the field of computer design and his founding of the Soviet computer industry.

Mosaic with the image of SA Lebedev in Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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