1 BC: Difference between revisions

1 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1 BC; I BC
Ab urbe condita	753
Ancient Greek era	194th Olympiad, year 4
Assyrian calendar	4750
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−593
Berber calendar	950
Buddhist calendar	544
Burmese calendar	−638
Byzantine calendar	5508–5509
Chinese calendar	己未年 (Earth Goat); 2697 or 2490; — to —; 庚申年 (Metal Monkey); 2698 or 2491
Coptic calendar	−284 – −283
Discordian calendar	1166
Ethiopian calendar	−8 – −7
Hebrew calendar	3760–3761
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	56–57
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	3100–3101
Holocene calendar	10000
Iranian calendar	622 BP – 621 BP
Islamic calendar	641 BH – 640 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	1 BC; I BC
Korean calendar	2333
Minguo calendar	1912 before ROC; 民前1912年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1468
Seleucid era	311/312 AG
Thai solar calendar	542–543
Tibetan calendar	阴土羊年; (female Earth-Goat); 126 or −255 or −1027; — to —; 阳金猴年; (male Iron-Monkey); 127 or −254 or −1026

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	2nd century BC; 1st century BC ; 1st century;
Decades:	20s BC; 10s BC; 0s BC ; 0s; 10s;
Years:	4 BC; 3 BC; 2 BC; 1 BC ; AD 1; AD 2; AD 3;

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Year 1 BC was a common year starting on Friday or Saturday in the Julian calendar (the sources differ; see leap year error for further information) and a leap year starting on Thursday in the proleptic Julian calendar. It was also a leap year starting on Saturday in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Piso (or, less frequently, year 753 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 1 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. The following year is AD 1 in the widely used Julian calendar and the proleptic Gregorian calendar, which both do not have a "year zero".

Events

By place

Han dynasty

August 15 – Emperor Ai dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin Ping, who is enthroned on October 17. Wang Mang is appointed regent by Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, his aunt.^[2]^[3]
Former regent Dong Xian, who was previously Ai's lover, commits suicide with his wife.^[4]

Roman Empire

Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus, in an effort to gain prestige.^[5]
The Roman theatre in Cartagena, built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction.^[6]
Aulus Caecina Severus was appointed consul by Emperor Augustus succeeding Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.^[7]

Kingdom of Kush

The approximate date of Natakamani succeeding Amanishakheto as the King of Kush.^[8]

Satavahana dynasty

Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni III.^[9]

By topic

Religion

Estimated birth of Jesus, in the Christian religion, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his Anno Domini era; according to most scholars, Dionysius used the word "incarnation", but it is not known whether he meant conception or birth. However, at least one scholar thinks Dionysius placed the incarnation of Jesus in the next year, AD 1.^[10]^[11] Most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius' calculations authoritative, and place the event several years earlier.^[12]

Deaths

August 15 – Ai of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 27 BC)^[13]^[14]
Dong Xian, Chinese politician and commander-in-chief (b. 23 BC)^[4]
Xiaoai, Chinese empress and wife of Ai of Han^[15]
Zhao Feiyan, Chinese empress and wife of Cheng of Han (b. 45 BC)^[16]

References

^ Meier, John P. (1991). "A Chronology of Jesus' Life". A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Vol. v. 1. Anchor Bible Reference Library. pp. 373–433.
^ Bowman, John Stewart, ed. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian history and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-231-50004-3. OCLC 51542679.
^ Furth, Charlotte (1991). "Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homo[sex]ual Tradition in China. By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii, 232 pp. $22.50". The Journal of Asian Studies. 50 (4): 911–912. doi:10.2307/2058567. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2058567.
^ ^a ^b Hinsch, Bret. (1990) Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press.
^ "Cassius Dio - Book 55". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
^ "Cartagena Roman Theatre Museum". murciatoday.com. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
^ Syne, Ronald (1995). Anatolica : studies in Strabo. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814943-3. OCLC 30318791.
^ Garlake, Peter S. (2002). Early Art and Architecture of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284261-9.
^ Singh, Rajesh Kumar (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.
^ Georges Declercq, Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian Era (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2000), pp.143–147.
^ G. Declercq, "Dionysius Exiguus and the introduction of the Christian Era", Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002) 165–246, pp.242–246. Annotated version of a portion of Anno Domini.
^ James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324.
^ Fairbank, John (1986). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220. Cambridge University Press. p. 227. ISBN 9780521243278.
^ Loewe, Michael (2018) [1974]. Crisis and Conflict in Han China. Routledge. ISBN 9780429849107.
^ Thomsen, Rudi (1988). Ambition and Confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang. [Aarhus, Denmark]: Aarhus University Press. ISBN 87-7288-155-0. OCLC 19912826.
^ Peterson, Barbara Bennett, ed. (2015). Notable women of China: Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe (Routledge). pp. 75–77. ISBN 978-0-7656-0504-7. OCLC 41231560.

[1] Meier, John P. (1991). "A Chronology of Jesus' Life". A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Vol. v. 1. Anchor Bible Reference Library. pp. 373–433.

[2] Bowman, John Stewart, ed. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian history and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-231-50004-3. OCLC 51542679.

[3] Furth, Charlotte (1991). "Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homo[sex]ual Tradition in China. By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii, 232 pp. $22.50". The Journal of Asian Studies. 50 (4): 911–912. doi:10.2307/2058567. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2058567.

[hinsch-4] Hinsch, Bret. (1990) Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press.

[5] "Cassius Dio - Book 55". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved May 25, 2021.

[6] "Cartagena Roman Theatre Museum". murciatoday.com. Retrieved May 26, 2021.

[7] Syne, Ronald (1995). Anatolica : studies in Strabo. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814943-3. OCLC 30318791.

[8] Garlake, Peter S. (2002). Early Art and Architecture of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284261-9.

[9] Singh, Rajesh Kumar (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.

[declercq1-10] Georges Declercq, Anno Domini: The origins of the Christian Era (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2000), pp.143–147.

[declercq2-11] G. Declercq, "Dionysius Exiguus and the introduction of the Christian Era", Sacris Erudiri 41 (2002) 165–246, pp.242–246. Annotated version of a portion of Anno Domini.

[12] James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324.

[13] Fairbank, John (1986). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220. Cambridge University Press. p. 227. ISBN 9780521243278.

[14] Loewe, Michael (2018) [1974]. Crisis and Conflict in Han China. Routledge. ISBN 9780429849107.

[15] Thomsen, Rudi (1988). Ambition and Confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang. [Aarhus, Denmark]: Aarhus University Press. ISBN 87-7288-155-0. OCLC 19912826.

[16] Peterson, Barbara Bennett, ed. (2015). Notable women of China: Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe (Routledge). pp. 75–77. ISBN 978-0-7656-0504-7. OCLC 41231560.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[File:Nativity 01.jpg|thumb|The [[Nativity of Jesus|birth of Jesus]] (pictured above) is widely regarded to have been placed by [[Dionysius Exiguus|Dionysus Exiguus]], inventor of the [[Anno Domini]] dating system, in 1 BC. Modern scholarship, however, regards the birth of Christ to have taken place between 6 and 4 BC.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meier |first=John P. |title=A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus |publisher=Anchor Bible Reference Library |year=1991 |volume=v. 1 |pages=373–433 |chapter=A Chronology of Jesus' Life}}</ref>]]
 {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
 {{Year nav|-1}}
 {{BC year in topic|1}}
-Year '''1 BC''' was a [[common year starting on Friday]] or [[Common year starting on Saturday|Saturday]] in the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ; see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] in the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. It is also a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] in the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the [[Consulship]] of [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus|Lentulus]] and [[Calpurnia gens#Calpurnii_Pisones|Piso]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 753 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 1 BC for this year has been used since the early [[medieval period]] when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. The following year is 1 AD in the widely used Julian calendar, which does not have a "[[year zero]]".
+Year '''1 BC''' was a [[common year starting on Friday]] or [[Common year starting on Saturday|Saturday]] in the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ; see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] in the [[proleptic Julian calendar]]. It was also a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] in the [[Proleptic Gregorian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the [[Consulship]] of [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus|Lentulus]] and [[Calpurnia gens#Calpurnii_Pisones|Piso]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 753 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 1 BC for this year has been used since the early [[medieval period]] when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. The following year is AD 1 in the widely used Julian calendar and the proleptic Gregorian calendar, which both do not have a "[[year zero]]".
 == Events ==
 === By place ===
-==== Han Dynasty ====
+==== Han dynasty ====
-* Emperor [[Emperor Ai of Han|Ai of Han]] dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin [[Emperor Ping of Han|Ping of Han]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Furth|first=Charlotte|date=1991|title=Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii, 232 pp. $22.50.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058567|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=50|issue=4|pages=911–912|doi=10.2307/2058567|jstor=2058567|issn=0021-9118}}</ref>
+* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Emperor Ai of Han|Emperor Ai]] dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin [[Emperor Ping of Han|Ping]], who is enthroned on [[October 17]]. [[Wang Mang]] is appointed [[regent]] by Empress Dowager [[Empress Wang Zhengjun|Wang Zhengjun]], his aunt.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Bowman |editor-first=John Stewart |year=2000 |title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian history and Culture |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=12 |isbn=978-0-231-50004-3 |oclc=51542679 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Furth |first=Charlotte |date=1991|title=Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homo[sex]ual Tradition in China. By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii, 232 pp. $22.50.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058567|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|volume=50|issue=4|pages=911–912|doi=10.2307/2058567 |jstor=2058567|issn=0021-9118}}</ref>
+* Former regent [[Dong Xian]], who was previously Ai's lover, commits suicide with his wife.<ref name = hinsch>Hinsch, Bret. (1990) ''Passions of the Cut Sleeve''. University of California Press.</ref>
-*[[Wang Mang]] is appointed [[regent]] by Grand Empress Dowager [[Empress Wang Zhengjun|Wang Zhengjun]], who is his aunt.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51542679|title=Columbia chronologies of Asian history and culture|date=2000|publisher=Columbia University Press|others=John Stewart Bowman|isbn=0-231-50004-1|location=New York|oclc=51542679}}</ref>
-* Former regent [[Dong Xian]], who was previously Emperor Ai of Han's lover, commits suicide with his wife.<ref name = hinsch>Hinsch, Bret. (1990) ''Passions of the Cut Sleeve''. University of California Press.</ref>
 ==== Roman Empire ====
-* [[Gaius Caesar]] marries [[Livilla]], daughter of [[Antonia Minor]] and [[Nero Claudius Drusus]], in an effort to gain prestige.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cassius Dio - Book 55|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/55*.html#10|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-25|website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
+* [[Gaius Caesar]] marries [[Livilla]], daughter of [[Antonia Minor]] and [[Nero Claudius Drusus]], in an effort to gain prestige.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cassius Dio - Book 55|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/55*.html#10 |access-date=2021-05-25 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu }}</ref>
 * The [[Roman theatre, Cartagena|Roman theatre in Cartagena]], built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cartagena Roman Theatre Museum|url=https://murciatoday.com/cartagena-roman-theatre-museum_1943-a.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=murciatoday.com}}</ref>
-* [[Aulus Caecina Severus (consul 1 BC)|Aulus Caecina Severus]] was appointed consul by [[Augustus|Emperor Augustus]] succeeding [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus]] and [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso (consul 1 BC)]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Syne |first=Ronald |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/30318791 |title=Anatolica : studies in Strabo |date=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-814943-3|oclc=30318791}}</ref>
+* [[Aulus Caecina Severus (consul 1 BC)|Aulus Caecina Severus]] was appointed consul by [[Augustus|Emperor Augustus]] succeeding [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus]] and [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso (consul 1 BC)|Lucius Calpurnius Piso]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Syne |first=Ronald |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/30318791 |title=Anatolica : studies in Strabo |date=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-814943-3|oclc=30318791}}</ref>
 ==== Kingdom of Kush ====
@@ Line 21: / Line 20: @@
 ==== Satavahana dynasty ====
-*Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni III. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Rajesh Kumar|title=Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes.|publisher=Hari Sena|year=2013|isbn=9788192510750|pages=15–16}}</ref>
+*Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni III.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Rajesh Kumar|title=Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes.|publisher=Hari Sena|year=2013|isbn=9788192510750|pages=15–16}}</ref>
 === By topic ===
@@ Line 30: / Line 29: @@
 == Deaths ==
-* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Emperor Ai of Han|Ai of Han]], Chinese emperor of the [[Han dynasty|Han Dynasty]] (b. [[27 BC]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Fairbank|first=John|title=The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2HKxK5N2sAC&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PA227|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521243278|page=227}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Loewe|first=Michael|title=Crisis and Conflict in Han China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrJqDwAAQBAJ&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PT190|year=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780429849107|orig-year=1974}}</ref>
+* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Emperor Ai of Han|Ai of Han]], Chinese emperor of the [[Han dynasty]] (b. [[27 BC]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Fairbank|first=John|title=The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2HKxK5N2sAC&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PA227|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521243278|page=227}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Loewe|first=Michael|title=Crisis and Conflict in Han China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrJqDwAAQBAJ&q=Emperor+Ai+of+Han+%2215+august%22&pg=PT190|year=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780429849107|orig-year=1974}}</ref>
 * [[Dong Xian]], Chinese politician and [[commander-in-chief]] (b. [[23 BC]])<ref name="hinsch" />
 * [[Empress Fu (Ai)|Xiaoai]], Chinese empress and wife of Ai of Han<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomsen|first=Rudi|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19912826|title=Ambition and Confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang|date=1988|publisher=Aarhus University Press|isbn=87-7288-155-0|location=[Aarhus, Denmark]|oclc=19912826}}</ref>
-* [[Empress Zhao Feiyan|Zhao Feiyan]], Chinese empress and wife of [[Emperor Cheng of Han|Cheng of Han]] (b. [[45 BC]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41231560|title=Notable women of China : Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century|date=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|others=Barbara Bennett Peterson|isbn=0-7656-0504-X|location=Armonk, N.Y.|oclc=41231560}}</ref>
+* [[Empress Zhao Feiyan|Zhao Feiyan]], Chinese empress and wife of [[Emperor Cheng of Han|Cheng of Han]] (b. [[45 BC]])<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Peterson |editor-first=Barbara Bennett |date=2015 |title=Notable women of China: Shang dynasty to the early twentieth century |location=Armonk, New York |publisher=M. E. Sharpe (Routledge) |pages=75–77 |isbn=978-0-7656-0504-7 |oclc=41231560 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ4ECwAAQBAJ&pg=PT75 }}</ref>
 == See also ==