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{{Short description|Persian poet (1454–1521)}}
{{Short description|Persian poet (1454–1521)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox poet
{{Infobox poet
| name = Hatefi
| name = Hatefi
| image = Hatifi.jpg
| image = Hatifi.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Hatefi by [[Kamal ud-Din Behzad]]
| caption = Portrait of Hatefi by [[Kamal ud-Din Behzad]]
| birth_date = 1454
| birth_date = 1454
| birth_place = [[Khar Gerd|Khargerd]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], [[Timurid Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Khar Gerd|Khargerd]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], [[Timurid Empire]]
| death_date = 1521
| death_date = {{death year and age|1521|1454}}
| death_place = Khargerd, Khorasan, [[Safavid Iran]]
| death_place = Khargerd, Khorasan, [[Safavid Iran]]
| occupation = Poet
| occupation = Poet
| notable_works = ''Zafarnama''<br>''Khamsa'' of Hatefi
| notable_works = ''[[Timurnama]]''<br>''Khamsa'' of Hatefi
| relations = [[Jami]] (uncle)
| relations = [[Jami]] (uncle)
}}
}}

'''Abd-Allah Hatefi''', commonly known as '''Hatefi''' (also spelled '''Hatifi'''; {{lang-fa|هاتفی}}; 1454 – 1521) was a [[Persians|Persian]] poet and nephew of the distinguished poet [[Jami]] (died 1492).{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}
'''Abd-Allah Hatefi''', commonly known as '''Hatefi''' (also spelled '''Hatifi'''; {{langx|fa|هاتفی}}; 1454 – 1521) was a [[Persians|Persian]] poet and nephew of the distinguished poet [[Jami]] (died 1492).{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}


==Life==
==Life==
Hatefi was born in 1454 at [[Khar Gerd|Khargerd]], a village which formed a district of the town [[Torbat-e Jam|Jam]], which was in turn a dependency of the [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasanian]] city of [[Herat]]. Jami's mother was a sister of the distinguished poet [[Jami]] (died 1492), but unlike his [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] uncle, Hatefi was a [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]].{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}{{sfn|Huart|Massé|1971|p=274}} Jami most of his whole life in his hometown, where he served as the custodian of the mausoleum of the Timurid-era poet [[Qasem-e Anvar]]. Hatefi became part of the literary elite after prevailing in a test that was set up by Jami. In the late 15th-century, Hatefi travelled alongside fellow poet Amir Homayun Esfaraini to [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] and [[Arabian Iraq]].{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Between 1485 and 1490, Hatefi stayed at the court of the [[Aq Qoyunlu]] ruler [[Ya'qub Beg]] ({{reign|1478|1490}}) in [[Tabriz]] in northwestern Iran.{{sfn|Lingwood|2013|p=112}}
Hatefi was born in 1454 in [[Khar Gerd]], a village that formed a district of the town [[Torbat-e Jam]], which was in turn a dependency of the [[Greater Khorasan|Khwarezmian]] city of [[Herat]]. Jami's mother was a sister of the distinguished poet [[Jami]] (died 1492). Unlike his [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] uncle, Hatefi was a [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver Shi'a]].{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}{{sfn|Huart|Massé|1971|p=274}} Jami spent most of his whole life in his hometown, where he served as the custodian of the mausoleum of the Timurid-era poet [[Qasim-i Anvar]]. Hatefi became part of the literary elite after prevailing in a test set up by Jami. In the late 15th century, Hatefi travelled alongside fellow poet Amir Homayun Esfaraini to [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Iranian Azerbaijan]] and [[Lower Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Between 1485 and 1490, Hatefi stayed at the court of the [[Aq Qoyunlu]] ruler [[Yaqub (Aq Qoyunlu)|Ya'qub Beg]] ({{reign|1478|1490}}) in [[Tabriz]] in northwestern Iran.{{sfn|Lingwood|2013|p=112}}


Due to being a Shi'ite, Hatefi was respected by the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] ''[[shah]]'' (king) [[Ismail I]] ({{reign|1501|1524}}), who had conquered Khorasan in 1510. However, Hatefi later acted as a mediator for the Sunni population of Jam, who were seen in a negative light by Ismail I.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Ismail, who sought to associate himself with Persian literature, requested Hatefi to write a historical epic similar to that of his previous ''Zafarnama'' (also known as the ''Timur-nama''), a biography of the [[Turco-Mongol]] ruler [[Timur]] ({{reign|1370|1405}}).{{sfn|Newman|2008|p=19}}
Because he was a Shi'a, Hatefi was respected by the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid emperor]] [[Ismail I]] ({{reign|1501|1524}}), who had conquered Khorasan in 1510. Hatefi later acted as a mediator for the Sunni population of Jam, who were seen negatively by the emperor.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Ismail, who sought to associate himself with Persian literature, requested Hatefi to write a historical epic similar to that of his previous ''[[Timurnama]]'' (also known as the ''Zafurnama''), a biography of the [[Turco-Mongol]] ruler [[Timur]] ({{reign|1370|1405}}).{{sfn|Newman|2008|p=19}}


Hatefi died in 1521 in Khargerd, and was buried in his former garden.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}
Hatefi died in 1521 in Khar Gerd and was buried in his former garden.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}}


==Works==
==Works==
{{Anchor|Khamsa of Hatefi}}
Hatefi composed poetry in several genre but he is known above all for his ''Khamsa'' (pentalogue). Modelled after previous petanologues of Persian literature including those of [[Nizami Ganjavi]], his ''Khamsa'' became famous even outside of [[Iran]]. Lami'i Chelebi, produced an [[Ottoman language|Ottoman]] translation of his work, and the several editions of his ''Khamsa'' in the [[Ottoman Empire]] and in [[India]] are proof of his widespread fame. Hatefi's literary fame rests on his realistic and straightforward style.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} He displayed a remarkable originality in handling his stories with his style often emulated by later poets.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Four of his works in his ''Khamsa'' have been published thus far.
Hatefi composed poetry in several genres, but he is known above all for his ''Khamsa'' "Pentalogue". Modelled after previous pentologues of Persian literature, including those of [[Nizami Ganjavi]], his ''Khamsa'' became famous even outside of [[Iran]]. Lami'i Chelebi produced an [[Ottoman Turkish]] translation of his work, and the several editions of his ''Khamsa'' from the [[Ottoman Empire]] and in [[India]] are proof of his widespread fame. Hatefi's literary fame rests on his realistic and straightforward style.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} He displayed remarkable originality in handling his stories with his style often emulated by later poets.{{sfn|Bernardini|2003|pp=55–57}} Four of his works in his ''Khamsa'' have been published thus far.


The five works which are comprised by his ''Khamsa'' are:
The five works which are comprised by his ''Khamsa'' are:

*''Layli o Majnun''
*''Layli o Majnun''
*''Shirin o Khosrow''
*''Shirin o Khosrow''
*''Haft manzar''
*''Haft manzar''
*''Zafarnama''
*''[[Timurnama]]'' (also known as ''Zafarnama'')
*''Fotuhat-e shahi''
*''Fotuhat-e shahi''


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[[Category:15th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:15th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets of the Timurid Empire]]
[[Category:Poets from the Timurid Empire]]
[[Category:Poets of the Aq Qoyunlu]]
[[Category:Poets under the Aq Qoyunlu]]

Latest revision as of 23:34, 29 October 2024

Hatefi
Portrait of Hatefi by Kamal ud-Din Behzad
Portrait of Hatefi by Kamal ud-Din Behzad
Born1454
Khargerd, Khorasan, Timurid Empire
Died1521 (aged 66–67)
Khargerd, Khorasan, Safavid Iran
OccupationPoet
Notable worksTimurnama
Khamsa of Hatefi
RelativesJami (uncle)

Abd-Allah Hatefi, commonly known as Hatefi (also spelled Hatifi; Persian: هاتفی; 1454 – 1521) was a Persian poet and nephew of the distinguished poet Jami (died 1492).[1]

Life

[edit]

Hatefi was born in 1454 in Khar Gerd, a village that formed a district of the town Torbat-e Jam, which was in turn a dependency of the Khwarezmian city of Herat. Jami's mother was a sister of the distinguished poet Jami (died 1492). Unlike his Sunni uncle, Hatefi was a Twelver Shi'a.[1][2] Jami spent most of his whole life in his hometown, where he served as the custodian of the mausoleum of the Timurid-era poet Qasim-i Anvar. Hatefi became part of the literary elite after prevailing in a test set up by Jami. In the late 15th century, Hatefi travelled alongside fellow poet Amir Homayun Esfaraini to Iranian Azerbaijan and Lower Mesopotamia.[1] Between 1485 and 1490, Hatefi stayed at the court of the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Ya'qub Beg (r. 1478–1490) in Tabriz in northwestern Iran.[3]

Because he was a Shi'a, Hatefi was respected by the Safavid emperor Ismail I (r. 1501–1524), who had conquered Khorasan in 1510. Hatefi later acted as a mediator for the Sunni population of Jam, who were seen negatively by the emperor.[1] Ismail, who sought to associate himself with Persian literature, requested Hatefi to write a historical epic similar to that of his previous Timurnama (also known as the Zafurnama), a biography of the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur (r. 1370–1405).[4]

Hatefi died in 1521 in Khar Gerd and was buried in his former garden.[1]

Works

[edit]

Hatefi composed poetry in several genres, but he is known above all for his Khamsa "Pentalogue". Modelled after previous pentologues of Persian literature, including those of Nizami Ganjavi, his Khamsa became famous even outside of Iran. Lami'i Chelebi produced an Ottoman Turkish translation of his work, and the several editions of his Khamsa from the Ottoman Empire and in India are proof of his widespread fame. Hatefi's literary fame rests on his realistic and straightforward style.[1] He displayed remarkable originality in handling his stories with his style often emulated by later poets.[1] Four of his works in his Khamsa have been published thus far.

The five works which are comprised by his Khamsa are:

  • Layli o Majnun
  • Shirin o Khosrow
  • Haft manzar
  • Timurnama (also known as Zafarnama)
  • Fotuhat-e shahi

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hatifi.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Bernardini 2003, pp. 55–57.
  2. ^ Huart & Massé 1971, p. 274.
  3. ^ Lingwood 2013, p. 112.
  4. ^ Newman 2008, p. 19.

Sources

[edit]
  • Bernardini, Michele (2003). "Hātefi, ʿAbd-Allāh". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XII/1: Harem I–Hedāyat al-mota'allemin. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-0-933273-74-0.
  • Huart, Cl. & Massé, H. (1971). "Hātifī". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 274. OCLC 495469525.
  • Lingwood, Chad (2013). Politics, Poetry, and Sufism in Medieval Iran: New Perspectives on Jāmī's Salāmān va Absāl. Brill. ISBN 978-9004254046.
  • Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–296. ISBN 978-0857716613.
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