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Coordinates: 60°22′20″N 26°20′50″E / 60.37222°N 26.34722°E / 60.37222; 26.34722
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{{Short description|Nuclear power plant in Loviisa, Finland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox power station
{{Infobox power station
| name = Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant
| name = Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant
| image = Loviisan voimalaitos ilmasta.png
| name_official = Loviisan ydinvoimalaitos
| image = Loviisan voimalaitos ilmasta.png
| image_caption = Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant from air
| image_caption = Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant from air
| location_map = Finland
| country = [[Finland]]
| location_map_size =
| location = [[Loviisa]], [[Uusimaa|County of Uusimaa]]
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|60|22|20|N|26|20|50|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|60|22|20|N|26|20|50|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| name_official =
| status = O
| construction_began = LO1: {{start date|1971|05|01|df=y}}<br />LO2: {{start date|1972|08|01|df=y}}
| country = [[Finland]]
| commissioned = LO1: {{start date|1977|05|09|df=y}}<br />LO2: {{start date|1981|01|05|df=y}}
| location = [[Loviisa]]
| status = Operational
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| construction_began = {{start date|May 1, 1971}}
| owner = [[Fortum|Fortum Power and Heat Oy]]
| commissioned = {{start date|May 9, 1977}}
| decommissioned =
| operator =
| cost =
| employees = 530 (2021)<!-- In 2021 according to the Fortum websites. -->
<!------------------------- NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS -->
| owner = [[Fortum|Fortum Power and Heat OY]]
| operator =
| np_reactors = 2
| np_reactor_type = VVER
| ps_units_operational = 2 × 507&nbsp;MW [[Pressurised water reactor|PWR]]
| np_reactor_supplier = [[Atomstroyexport|Atomenergoexport]]
| ps_units_uc =
<!------------------------- GENERAL -->
| ps_units_planned =
| ps_cooling_source = [[Gulf of Finland]]
| ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_thermal_capacity = 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;1,500&nbsp;MW<sub>th</sub><br />Combined: 3,000&nbsp;MW<sub>th</sub><!-- 2 × 1,500 MW = 3,000 MW -->
| np_reactor_type = [[VVER|VVER-440/213]]
<!------------------------- PRODUCTION -->
| np_reactor_supplier = [[Atomenergoexport]]
| ps_units_operational = 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;507&nbsp;MW<sub>e</sub> (net)
| ps_electrical_capacity = 1,014
| ps_units_manu_model = [[OKB Gidropress]] [[VVER|VVER-440]]/V-213
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 92.9%<!-- in 2017 according to the website -->
| ps_units_planned =
| ps_annual_generation = 8,160<!-- in 2017 according to the website -->
| ps_units_cancelled =
| website = [https://www.fortum.com/about-us/our-company/our-energy-production/our-power-plants/loviisa-nuclear-power-plant www.fortum.com]
| ps_units_uc =
| ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 1,014<!-- 2 × 507 MW = 1,014 MW -->
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 92.9% (2021)<!-- In 2021 according to the Fortum websites. -->
| ps_annual_generation = 8,200&nbsp;GW·h (2021)<!-- In 2021 according to the Fortum websites. -->
| website = [https://www.fortum.com/about-us/our-company/our-energy-production/our-power-plants/loviisa-nuclear-power-plant Loviisa nuclear power plant]
}}
}}
The '''Loviisa [[Nuclear Power]] Plant''' (NPP) ({{lang-fi|Loviisan ydinvoimalaitos}}, {{lang-sv|Lovisa kärnkraftverk}}) is located close to the Finnish town of [[Loviisa]]. It houses two Soviet-designed [[VVER|VVER-440/213]]&nbsp;[[Pressurised water reactor|PWR reactors]], with capacities of 507&nbsp;MW each.


The '''Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant''' (NPP) ({{langx|fi|Loviisan ydinvoimalaitos}}, {{langx|sv|Lovisa kärnkraftverk}}) is located close to the Finnish town of [[Loviisa]]. It houses two Soviet-designed [[VVER]]-440&nbsp;[[Pressurized water reactor|pressurised water reactors]], with capacities of 507&nbsp;MW each. It is one of Finland's two operating [[nuclear power plant]]s, the other being the three-unit [[Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant]].
The reactors at Loviisa NPP went into commercial operation in 1977 and 1980 respectively. To comply with Finnish nuclear regulation, [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] and [[Siemens]] supplied equipment and engineering expertise. This unorthodox mix of Western and Soviet enterprise led to the project developers being given the nickname "Eastinghouse".<ref>

==History==
The reactors at Loviisa NPP went into commercial operation in 1977 and 1981, respectively. To comply with Finnish nuclear regulation, [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] and [[Siemens]] supplied equipment and engineering expertise. This unorthodox mix of Western and Soviet enterprise led to the project developers being given the nickname "Eastinghouse".<ref>
{{cite news
{{cite news
|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14332003.html
|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14332003.html
|title=Ärger mit Eastinghouse
|title=Ärger mit Eastinghouse
|trans-title=Trouble with Eastinghouse
|trans-title=Trouble with Eastinghouse
|language=German
|language=German
|date=2010-04-21
|date=1980-05-04
|work=[[Der Spiegel]]
|accessdate=2011-09-22}}
|accessdate=2024-10-06}}
</ref><ref>
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
{{cite journal
|first = Karl Erik | last = Michelsen
|last=Michelsen
|first=Karl Erik
|title= Project Eastinghouse – teknologinen haaste Loviisassa
|trans-title=Project Eastinghouse – technological challenge in Loviisa
|title=Project Eastinghouse – teknologinen haaste Loviisassa
|trans-title=Project Eastinghouse – technological challenge in Loviisa
|language= Finnish
|language=Finnish
|journal = ATS Ydintekniikka
|journal=ATS Ydintekniikka
|publisher = Suomen Atomiteknillinen Seura
|publisher=Suomen Atomiteknillinen Seura
|year = 2007
|year=2007
|issue = 3
|issue=3
|pages= 14–16
|pages=14–16
|issn= 0356-0473}}
|issn=0356-0473}}
</ref> The plant is operated by [[Fortum|Fortum Oyj]].
</ref> The plant is operated by [[Fortum|Fortum Oyj]].


In 1996, the pressure vessel of Unit 1 was successfully heat annealed in order to clear embrittlement caused by neutron bombardment and impurities of the welding seam between the two halves of the vessel.<ref name=inf44>
In 1996, the pressure vessel of Unit 1 was successfully heat annealed in order to clear embrittlement caused by neutron bombardment and impurities of the welding seam between the two halves of the vessel.<ref name=inf44>
{{cite paper
{{cite web
|url = http://www.stuk.fi/ydinturvallisuus/ydinvoimalaitokset/loviisa/fi_FI/loviisa/_print/
|url=http://www.stuk.fi/ydinturvallisuus/ydinvoimalaitokset/loviisa/fi_FI/loviisa/_print/
|title = Loviisan voimalaitos
|title=Loviisan voimalaitos
|trans-title=Loviisa power plant
|publisher = [[Säteilyturvakeskus|STUK]]
|language=Finnish
|trans-title = Loviisa power plant
|publisher=[[Säteilyturvakeskus|STUK]]
|language = Finnish
|accessdate = 20 September 2011
|accessdate=2011-09-20
|url-status=dead
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120329104516/http://www.stuk.fi/ydinturvallisuus/ydinvoimalaitokset/loviisa/fi_FI/loviisa/_print/
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329104516/http://www.stuk.fi/ydinturvallisuus/ydinvoimalaitokset/loviisa/fi_FI/loviisa/_print/
|archivedate = 29 March 2012
|archivedate=2012-03-29}}
|df =
}}
</ref>
</ref>


The operating licence for both units has been renewed for a 50-year lifetime, Loviisa-1 to 2027 and Loviisa-2 to 2030.<ref name=inf45>
The operating licence for both units has been renewed for a 50-year lifetime, Loviisa-1 to 2027 and Loviisa-2 to 2030.<ref name=inf45>
{{cite paper
{{cite journal
| url = http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/39/050/39050533.pdf
|url=http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/39/050/39050533.pdf
| title = Recent Core Design and Operating Experience in Loviisa NPP
|title=Recent Core Design and Operating Experience in Loviisa NPP
| author = Martti Antila, Tuukka Lahtinen
|author=Martti Antila, Tuukka Lahtinen
| work = Fortum Nuclear Services Ltd, Espoo, Finland
|journal=Fortum Nuclear Services LTD, Espoo, Finland
| publisher = IAEA
|publisher=[[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]]
| accessdate = 20 September 2011}}
|accessdate=2011-09-20}}
</ref> {{As of|2018|pos=,}} Fortum is reportedly considering applying for a further 20-year lifetime extension until 2050, which is a change from plans just a year earlier that would have seen the plant decommissioned on the earlier schedule.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N1OZ3JU|title=Finland's Fortum considers extending Loviisa nuclear power plant life
</ref> {{As of|2018|post=,}} Fortum is reportedly considering applying for a further 20-year lifetime extension until 2050, which is a change from plans just a year earlier that would have seen the plant decommissioned on the earlier schedule.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N1OZ3JU
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170009/https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL8N1OZ3JU
|author=Lefteris Karagiannopoulos|publisher=Reuters|date=2018-01-04|accessdate=2018-11-04}}</ref>
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2018-11-04
|title=Finland's Fortum considers extending Loviisa nuclear power plant life
|author=Lefteris Karagiannopoulos
|work=[[Reuters]]
|date=2018-01-04
|accessdate=2018-11-04}}
</ref>


Fortum Power and Heat Oy applied to build a third reactor unit, to produce up to 1000&nbsp;MWt of [[district heating]] supply and from 800&nbsp;-&nbsp;1,600&nbsp;MW of electrical generation, which the Finnish government declined on 21 April 2010.<ref name="nei210410">
Fortum Power and Heat Oy applied to build a third reactor unit, to produce up to 1,000&nbsp;MW<sub>th</sub> of [[district heating]] supply and from 800-1,600&nbsp;MW of electrical generation, which the Finnish government declined on 21 April 2010.<ref name="nei210410">
{{cite news
{{cite news
|url=http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=132&storyCode=2056166
|url=http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=132&storyCode=2056166
|title=Finnish government says Yes to TVO and Fennovoima
|title=Finnish government says Yes to TVO and Fennovoima
|date=2010-04-21
|date=2010-04-21
|work=Nuclear Engineering International
|work=Nuclear Engineering International
|publisher=Global Trade Media
|publisher=Global Trade Media
|accessdate=2010-07-01
|accessdate=2010-07-01
|url-status=dead
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613090534/http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=132&storyCode=2056166
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613090534/http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=132&storyCode=2056166
|archivedate=2011-06-13
|archivedate=2011-06-13}}
|df=
}}
</ref>
</ref>


Spent fuel from the reactors were planned to be stored permanently at the [[Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository]] operated by [[Posiva]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fortum.com/about-us/our-company/our-energy-production/our-power-plants/loviisa-nuclear-power-plant-2|title=Waste management|publisher=Fortum|accessdate=2018-11-04}}</ref>
Spent fuel from the reactors were planned to be stored permanently at the [[Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository]] operated by [[Posiva]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.fortum.com/about-us/our-company/our-energy-production/our-power-plants/loviisa-nuclear-power-plant-2
|title=Waste management
|publisher=[[Fortum]]
|accessdate=2018-11-04}}
</ref>


In 2014 [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]] took over the modernisation of safety-related systems for both units from an AREVA-Siemens consortium and the project was completed in 2018.<ref name=nei-20140522>{{cite news |url=http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsfortum-drops-areva-siemens-for-rolls-royce-at-loviisa-4274630 |title=Fortum drops AREVA-Siemens for Rolls-Royce at Loviisa |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fortum.com/media/2018/10/modernisation-loviisa-nuclear-power-plant-automation-successfully-completed|title=Modernisation of Loviisa nuclear power plant automation successfully completed|publisher=Fortum|date=2018-10-25|accessdate=2018-11-04}}</ref> Since then, both Unit 1 and Unit 2 are operating at a nominal 507&nbsp;MW capacity after updates.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.energiavirasto.fi/voimalaitosrekisteri |title= Voimalaitosrekisteri {{!}} Energiavirasto|accessdate=2018-11-04}}</ref>
In 2014 [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]] took over the modernisation of safety-related systems for both units from an AREVA-Siemens consortium and the project was completed in 2018.<ref name=nei-20140522>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsfortum-drops-areva-siemens-for-rolls-royce-at-loviisa-4274630
|title=Fortum drops AREVA-Siemens for Rolls-Royce at Loviisa
|work=Nuclear Engineering International
|date=2014-05-22
|accessdate=2014-05-23}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.fortum.com/media/2018/10/modernisation-loviisa-nuclear-power-plant-automation-successfully-completed
|title=Modernisation of Loviisa nuclear power plant automation successfully completed
|publisher=[[Fortum]]
|date=2018-10-25
|accessdate=2018-11-04}}
</ref> Since then, both Unit 1 and Unit 2 are operating at a nominal 507&nbsp;MW capacity after updates.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=https://www.energiavirasto.fi/voimalaitosrekisteri
|title=Voimalaitosrekisteri {{!}} Energiavirasto
|accessdate=2018-11-04}}
</ref>

In 2022, Fortum submitted a plan for the reactors' life extension to 2050. Russia's [[TVEL]] will continue to supply fuel until the contracts for unit 1 and 2 come up for renewal in 2027 and 2030, respectively.<ref name=nei-20221110>{{cite news |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsfortum-will-use-russian-nuclear-fuel-until-2030-10284929 |title=Fortum will use Russian nuclear fuel until 2030 |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=10 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref> The extension was approved by the Finnish government in 2023. As part of the modernization works, turbine side upgrades will result in an extra 38&nbsp;MW combined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Contract-for-refurbishment-of-Loviisa-turbines|publisher=World Nuclear News|title=Contract for refurbishment of Loviisa turbines|date=31 May 2024}}</ref> The first batch of [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] fuel was loaded to Loviisa 2 reactor in 2024, guaranteeing a Western alternative to the Russian fuel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fortum.com/media/2024/09/first-batch-westinghouse-fuel-loaded-fortums-loviisa-nuclear-power-plant |title=First batch of Westinghouse fuel loaded at Fortum's Loviisa nuclear power plant |date=2024-09-02 |access-date=2024-09-03 |publisher=Fortum}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Finland|Energy|Nuclear technology}}}}
{{Portal|Finland|Energy|Nuclear technology}}
*[[Energy in Finland]]
*[[Energy in Finland]]
*[[Nuclear power in Finland]]
*[[Nuclear power in Finland]]
Line 106: Line 151:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Loviisa|Nucler Power Plant]]

[[Category:Loviisa|Nuclear Power Plant]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Finland]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Finland]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors]]
Line 114: Line 161:
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Finland]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Finland]]
[[Category:Fortum]]

Latest revision as of 03:14, 30 October 2024

Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant
Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant from air
Map
Official nameLoviisan ydinvoimalaitos
CountryFinland
LocationLoviisa, County of Uusimaa
Coordinates60°22′20″N 26°20′50″E / 60.37222°N 26.34722°E / 60.37222; 26.34722
StatusOperational
Construction beganLO1: 1 May 1971 (1971-05-01)
LO2: 1 August 1972 (1972-08-01)
Commission dateLO1: 9 May 1977 (1977-05-09)
LO2: 5 January 1981 (1981-01-05)
OwnerFortum Power and Heat Oy
Employees530 (2021)
Nuclear power station
Reactors2
Reactor typeVVER
Reactor supplierAtomenergoexport
Cooling sourceGulf of Finland
Thermal capacity2 × 1,500 MWth
Combined: 3,000 MWth
Power generation
Units operational2 × 507 MWe (net)
Make and modelOKB Gidropress VVER-440/V-213
Nameplate capacity1,014 MW
Capacity factor92.9% (2021)
Annual net output8,200 GW·h (2021)
External links
WebsiteLoviisa nuclear power plant
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

The Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) (Finnish: Loviisan ydinvoimalaitos, Swedish: Lovisa kärnkraftverk) is located close to the Finnish town of Loviisa. It houses two Soviet-designed VVER-440 pressurised water reactors, with capacities of 507 MW each. It is one of Finland's two operating nuclear power plants, the other being the three-unit Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant.

History

[edit]

The reactors at Loviisa NPP went into commercial operation in 1977 and 1981, respectively. To comply with Finnish nuclear regulation, Westinghouse and Siemens supplied equipment and engineering expertise. This unorthodox mix of Western and Soviet enterprise led to the project developers being given the nickname "Eastinghouse".[1][2] The plant is operated by Fortum Oyj.

In 1996, the pressure vessel of Unit 1 was successfully heat annealed in order to clear embrittlement caused by neutron bombardment and impurities of the welding seam between the two halves of the vessel.[3]

The operating licence for both units has been renewed for a 50-year lifetime, Loviisa-1 to 2027 and Loviisa-2 to 2030.[4] As of 2018, Fortum is reportedly considering applying for a further 20-year lifetime extension until 2050, which is a change from plans just a year earlier that would have seen the plant decommissioned on the earlier schedule.[5]

Fortum Power and Heat Oy applied to build a third reactor unit, to produce up to 1,000 MWth of district heating supply and from 800-1,600 MW of electrical generation, which the Finnish government declined on 21 April 2010.[6]

Spent fuel from the reactors were planned to be stored permanently at the Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository operated by Posiva.[7]

In 2014 Rolls-Royce took over the modernisation of safety-related systems for both units from an AREVA-Siemens consortium and the project was completed in 2018.[8][9] Since then, both Unit 1 and Unit 2 are operating at a nominal 507 MW capacity after updates.[10]

In 2022, Fortum submitted a plan for the reactors' life extension to 2050. Russia's TVEL will continue to supply fuel until the contracts for unit 1 and 2 come up for renewal in 2027 and 2030, respectively.[11] The extension was approved by the Finnish government in 2023. As part of the modernization works, turbine side upgrades will result in an extra 38 MW combined.[12] The first batch of Westinghouse fuel was loaded to Loviisa 2 reactor in 2024, guaranteeing a Western alternative to the Russian fuel.[13]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ärger mit Eastinghouse" [Trouble with Eastinghouse]. Der Spiegel (in German). 4 May 1980. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  2. ^ Michelsen, Karl Erik (2007). "Project Eastinghouse – teknologinen haaste Loviisassa" [Project Eastinghouse – technological challenge in Loviisa]. ATS Ydintekniikka (in Finnish) (3). Suomen Atomiteknillinen Seura: 14–16. ISSN 0356-0473.
  3. ^ "Loviisan voimalaitos" [Loviisa power plant] (in Finnish). STUK. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  4. ^ Martti Antila, Tuukka Lahtinen. "Recent Core Design and Operating Experience in Loviisa NPP" (PDF). Fortum Nuclear Services LTD, Espoo, Finland. IAEA. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  5. ^ Lefteris Karagiannopoulos (4 January 2018). "Finland's Fortum considers extending Loviisa nuclear power plant life". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  6. ^ "Finnish government says Yes to TVO and Fennovoima". Nuclear Engineering International. Global Trade Media. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  7. ^ "Waste management". Fortum. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  8. ^ "Fortum drops AREVA-Siemens for Rolls-Royce at Loviisa". Nuclear Engineering International. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  9. ^ "Modernisation of Loviisa nuclear power plant automation successfully completed". Fortum. 25 October 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  10. ^ "Voimalaitosrekisteri | Energiavirasto". Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  11. ^ "Fortum will use Russian nuclear fuel until 2030". Nuclear Engineering International. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  12. ^ "Contract for refurbishment of Loviisa turbines". World Nuclear News. 31 May 2024.
  13. ^ "First batch of Westinghouse fuel loaded at Fortum's Loviisa nuclear power plant". Fortum. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
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