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'''''Arctogadus glacialis''''', known also with ambiguous common names '''Arctic cod'''<ref name=FB>{{FishBase|Arctogadus|glacialis| month = April | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name = FAO>{{cite book | editor1 = Daniel M. Cohen | editor2 = Tadashi Inada | editor3 = Tomio Iwamoto | editor4 = Nadia Scialabba | name-list-style = amp | year = 1990 | title = FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date | publisher = [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations | isbn = 978-92-5-102890-2 | pages = 25–27 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/t0243e/t0243e00.htm }}</ref> and '''polar cod''',<ref name=FB/><ref>[http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpl/organisms/fish/marine/gadidae/polar.htm Polar Cod] University of Guelph.</ref> is an [[Arctic]] species of fish in the cod [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Gadidae]], related to the true [[Gadus|cod]] (genus ''Gadus''). ''Arctogadus glacialis'' is found in icy water. They grow to about 30 cm long, and are favorite food of [[narwhals]] and other arctic whales. |
'''''Arctogadus glacialis''''', known also with ambiguous common names '''Arctic cod'''<ref name=FB>{{FishBase|Arctogadus|glacialis| month = April | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name = FAO>{{cite book | editor1 = Daniel M. Cohen | editor2 = Tadashi Inada | editor3 = Tomio Iwamoto | editor4 = Nadia Scialabba | name-list-style = amp | year = 1990 | title = FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date | publisher = [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations | isbn = 978-92-5-102890-2 | pages = 25–27 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/t0243e/t0243e00.htm }}</ref> and '''polar cod''',<ref name=FB/><ref>[http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpl/organisms/fish/marine/gadidae/polar.htm Polar Cod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215812/http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpl/organisms/fish/marine/gadidae/polar.htm |date=2013-10-04 }} University of Guelph.</ref> is an [[Arctic]] species of fish in the cod [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Gadidae]], related to the true [[Gadus|cod]] (genus ''Gadus''). ''Arctogadus glacialis'' is found in icy water. They grow to about 30 cm long, and are favorite food of [[narwhals]] and other arctic whales. |
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==Common names and taxonomy== |
==Common names and taxonomy== |
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The common names "Arctic cod" and "polar cod" can refer to either ''Arctogadus glacialis'' or ''[[Boreogadus saida]]'', and "Arctic cod" may also refer to ''[[Eleginus nawaga]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fishbase.org/search.php |title=FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2013) |editor=Froese, R. |editor2=D. Pauly. |year=2013 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> |
The common names "Arctic cod" and "polar cod" can refer to either ''Arctogadus glacialis'' or ''[[Boreogadus saida]]'', and "Arctic cod" may also refer to ''[[Eleginus nawaga]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fishbase.org/search.php |title=FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2013) |editor=Froese, R. |editor2=D. Pauly. |year=2013 |accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref> |
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Another Arctic gadid, the [[East Siberian cod]] (''Arctogadus borisovi''), was until recently considered the closest relative of ''A. glacialis''. It has, however, been found not to be distinct from ''A. glacialis'', and should be included in this species. According to this result, ''Arctogadus'' is a [[monotypic]] genus. However, ''Arctogadus'' is a close relative of ''[[Boreogadus saida|Boreogadus]]'', and should perhaps be included in that genus.<ref name=Jordan>{{cite journal | last1 = Jordan | first1 = AD | last2 = Møller | first2 = PR | last3 = Nielsen | first3 = JG | year = 2003 | citeseerx =10.1.1.1.3927 | title = Revision of the Arctic cod genus ''Arctogadus'' | journal = [[Journal of Fish Biology]] | volume = 62 | pages = 1339–1352 | doi = 10.1007/s00300-001-0348-5 }}</ref> |
Another Arctic gadid, the [[East Siberian cod]] (''Arctogadus borisovi''), was until recently considered the closest relative of ''A. glacialis''. It has, however, been found not to be distinct from ''A. glacialis'', and should be included in this species. According to this result, ''Arctogadus'' is a [[monotypic]] genus. However, ''Arctogadus'' is a close relative of ''[[Boreogadus saida|Boreogadus]]'', and should perhaps be included in that genus.<ref name=Jordan>{{cite journal | last1 = Jordan | first1 = AD | last2 = Møller | first2 = PR | last3 = Nielsen | first3 = JG | year = 2003 | citeseerx =10.1.1.1.3927 | title = Revision of the Arctic cod genus ''Arctogadus'' | journal = [[Journal of Fish Biology]] | volume = 62 | pages = 1339–1352 | doi = 10.1007/s00300-001-0348-5 | s2cid = 15022883 }}</ref> |
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==Appearance== |
==Appearance== |
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The Arctic cod is widely distributed in the western part of the [[Arctic|Arctic basin]] and the northwest and northeast coasts of [[Greenland]]. Its range is between 85° and 72°N [[latitude]]. Arctic cod can be found at depths of up to 1000 m, and frequently under ice. |
The Arctic cod is widely distributed in the western part of the [[Arctic|Arctic basin]] and the northwest and northeast coasts of [[Greenland]]. Its range is between 85° and 72°N [[latitude]]. Arctic cod can be found at depths of up to 1000 m, and frequently under ice. |
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Fish earlier attributed to the East Siberian cod are found off the western half of the [[Canada |
Fish earlier attributed to the East Siberian cod are found off the western half of the coast of [[Canada]] and the coasts of [[Siberia]] and also off the northern and southern coasts of [[Greenland]]. The fish lives close to the sea floor at depths of 15 to 40 m, but it sometimes enters estuaries, and may also be found under pack ice. |
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The species is of minor commercial value. |
The species is of minor commercial value. |
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==Diet== |
==Diet== |
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''A. glacialis'' in an ice-free area off northeastern Greenland were found to feed almost exclusively on pelagic prey (primarily [[copepod]]s, [[amphipod]]s, and [[mysid]]s).<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s003000050314 | volume = 20 | pages = 357–363 | last1 = Süfke | first1 = Lis | first2 = Dieter | last2 = Piepenburg | first3 = Christian F. | last3 = von Dorrien | title = Body size, sex ratio and diet composition of ''Arctogadus glacialis'' (Peters, 1874) (Pisces: Gadidae) in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland) |journal=[[Polar Biology]] | year = 1998 }}</ref> |
''A. glacialis'' in an ice-free area off northeastern Greenland were found to feed almost exclusively on pelagic prey (primarily [[copepod]]s, [[amphipod]]s, and [[mysid]]s).<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s003000050314 | volume = 20 | pages = 357–363 | last1 = Süfke | first1 = Lis | first2 = Dieter | last2 = Piepenburg | first3 = Christian F. | last3 = von Dorrien | title = Body size, sex ratio and diet composition of ''Arctogadus glacialis'' (Peters, 1874) (Pisces: Gadidae) in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland) |journal=[[Polar Biology]] | year = 1998 | issue = 5 | bibcode = 1998PoBio..20..357S | s2cid = 23638483 }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 04:08, 30 October 2024
| Arctogadus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gadiformes |
| Family: | Gadidae |
| Genus: | Arctogadus Dryagin, 1932 |
| Species: | A. glacialis
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| Binomial name | |
| Arctogadus glacialis (W. K. H. Peters, 1872)
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| Synonyms | |
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Arctogadus borisovi Dryagin, 1932 | |
Arctogadus glacialis, known also with ambiguous common names Arctic cod[1][2] and polar cod,[1][3] is an Arctic species of fish in the cod family Gadidae, related to the true cod (genus Gadus). Arctogadus glacialis is found in icy water. They grow to about 30 cm long, and are favorite food of narwhals and other arctic whales.
Common names and taxonomy
[edit]The common names "Arctic cod" and "polar cod" can refer to either Arctogadus glacialis or Boreogadus saida, and "Arctic cod" may also refer to Eleginus nawaga.[4]
Another Arctic gadid, the East Siberian cod (Arctogadus borisovi), was until recently considered the closest relative of A. glacialis. It has, however, been found not to be distinct from A. glacialis, and should be included in this species. According to this result, Arctogadus is a monotypic genus. However, Arctogadus is a close relative of Boreogadus, and should perhaps be included in that genus.[5]
Appearance
[edit]Arctic cod have been cited to grow up to 32.5 cm (12.8 in) in total length. It has been distinguished from other cod species by its lack of the chin barbel. Populations of Arctic cod previously referred to the East Siberian cod however do have a chin barbel and grow up to 50–60 cm length.[5][6]
Distribution
[edit]The Arctic cod is widely distributed in the western part of the Arctic basin and the northwest and northeast coasts of Greenland. Its range is between 85° and 72°N latitude. Arctic cod can be found at depths of up to 1000 m, and frequently under ice.
Fish earlier attributed to the East Siberian cod are found off the western half of the coast of Canada and the coasts of Siberia and also off the northern and southern coasts of Greenland. The fish lives close to the sea floor at depths of 15 to 40 m, but it sometimes enters estuaries, and may also be found under pack ice.
The species is of minor commercial value.
Diet
[edit]A. glacialis in an ice-free area off northeastern Greenland were found to feed almost exclusively on pelagic prey (primarily copepods, amphipods, and mysids).[7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Arctogadus glacialis". FishBase. April 2012 version.
- ^ Daniel M. Cohen; Tadashi Inada; Tomio Iwamoto & Nadia Scialabba, eds. (1990). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 25–27. ISBN 978-92-5-102890-2.
- ^ Polar Cod Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine University of Guelph.
- ^ Froese, R.; D. Pauly., eds. (2013). "FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2013)". Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ a b Jordan, AD; Møller, PR; Nielsen, JG (2003). "Revision of the Arctic cod genus Arctogadus". Journal of Fish Biology. 62: 1339–1352. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1.3927. doi:10.1007/s00300-001-0348-5. S2CID 15022883.
- ^ Toothed cod, Arctogadus borisovi Canada's Polar Life Portal, University of Guelph (2002)
- ^ Süfke, Lis; Piepenburg, Dieter; von Dorrien, Christian F. (1998). "Body size, sex ratio and diet composition of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1874) (Pisces: Gadidae) in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland)". Polar Biology. 20 (5): 357–363. Bibcode:1998PoBio..20..357S. doi:10.1007/s003000050314. S2CID 23638483.