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Coordinates: 32°39′38″N 16°53′29″W / 32.66056°N 16.89139°W / 32.66056; -16.89139
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{{Infobox Portuguese subdivision
{{Geobox|Settlement
|type = parish
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Santa Maria Maior
|name = Santa Maria Maior
|image_skyline = Madeira-Funchal's East, view from the Liceu.jpg
| native_name =
|image_caption = The urbanized coastal buildings of Santa Maria Maior situated in a mountainous geography
| other_name =
|image_location =
| category = [[Freguesia (Portugal)|Civil Parish]]
|image_shield =
<!-- *** Names **** -->
|region = [[Madeira]]
| etymology = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for ''Saint [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Mary]] the Great''
| official_name = Freguesia da Santa Maria Maior
|municipality = [[Funchal]]
| motto =
|island = [[Madeira Island|Madeira]]
|coordinates = {{coord|32|39|38|N|16|53|29|W|display=inline,title}}
| nickname =
|established_date = Settlement: c. 1425<br>Parish: 18 November 1557<br>Civil parish: 25 April 1976
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Madeira-Funchal's East, view from the Liceu.jpg
|area_total = 4.86
|elevation_m = 282
| image_caption = The differentiated landscape of Madeira: the urbanized coastal buildings of Santa Maria Maior situated in a mountainous geography
| image_size = 235
|population_total = 13352
|population_as_of = 2011
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
|postal_code = 9060-199
| symbol =
|area_code = 291
|patron = [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Santa Maria]]
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| country = {{flag|Portugal}}
|website = {{URL|http://www.jf-stamariamaior.pt}}
| state = {{flag|Madeira}}
|footnotes =
| state_type = Region
| region = [[Madeira Island|Madeira]]
| region_type = Island
| district = Funchal
| district_type = Municipality
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| part_type = Localities
| part_count =
| part =
| landmark =
| river =
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location = Santa Maria Maior
| elevation = 282
| prominence =
| lat_d = 32
| lat_m = 39
| lat_s = 38
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 16
| long_m = 53
| long_s = 29
| long_EW = W
| highest_elevation =
| lowest_elevation = 0
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| area = 4.86
| area_land =
| area_water =
| area_urban =
| area_metro =
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population = 13352
| population_date = 2011
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density = auto
| population_density_urban =
| population_density_metro =
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established_type = Settlement
| established = c. 1425
| established1_type = [[Parish]]
| established1 = 18 November 1557
| established2_type = [[Civil Parish]]
| established2 = 25 April 1976
| government_type = [[Local administrative unit|LAU]]
| government = Junta Freguesia
| government_location = Rua das Murteiras
| government_elevation =
| government_lat_d =
| government_lat_m =
| government_lat_s =
| government_lat_NS = N
| government_long_d =
| government_long_m =
| government_long_s =
| government_long_EW = W
| mayor_type = [[Freguesia|President Junta]]
| mayor = Alberto Rufino Fernandes Casimiro
| mayor_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PPD-PSD]]
| leader_type = President Assembleia
| leader = Maria Antonina Mourato Talhinhas Teixeira
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PPD-PSD]]
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset = 0
| timezone_DST = [[Western European Summer Time|WEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| iso_code =
| postal_code = 9060-199
| postal_code_type = Postal Zone
| area_code = (+351) 291 XXX XXX
| area_code_type = Area Code & Prefix
| code =
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free_type = [[Demonym]]
| free =
| free1_type = [[Patron Saint]]
| free1 = [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Santa Maria]]
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = LocalFunchal.png
| map_size = 235
| map_caption = Location of the parish seat of Santa Maria Maior in the municipality of [[Funchal]], island of Madeira
| map_background =
| map_locator =
| map_locator_x = 31
| map_locator_y = 38
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons = Santa Maria Maior (Funchal)
| statistics =
| website = http://www.jf-stamariamaior.pt
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Santa Maria Maior''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] meaning ''Saint [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Mary]] the Great'') is a civil parish in the eastern part of the municipality of [[Funchal]] on the island of [[Madeira]]. The population in 2011 was 13,352,<ref>[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística]</ref> in an area of 4.86&nbsp;km².<ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/documents/PT-LAU.xls Eurostat]</ref>
'''Santa Maria Maior''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] meaning ''Saint [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Mary]] the Great'') is a civil parish in the eastern part of the municipality of [[Funchal]] on the island of [[Madeira]]. The population in 2011 was 13,352,<ref>[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística]</ref> in an area of 4.86&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/documents/PT-LAU.xls Eurostat]</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:São Tiago - view from West.JPG|thumb|235px|left|The walled fortifications of the Fort of São Tiago, built to protect the coast from piracy during the 16th-17th century]]
[[File:São Tiago - view from West.JPG|thumb|235px|left|The walled fortifications of the [[Fort of São Tiago]], built to protect the coast from piracy during the 16th-17th century]]
From the initial founding of Funchal, the island of Madeira was peppered with small settlements along the coasts near access to the sea. The settlement that would later take on the name of Santa Maria Maior developed spontaneously from the first homes constructed in 1425.<ref name="JFSantaMMairo">{{cite web|publisher=Junta Freguesia da Santa Maria Maior|title=História da junta de freguesia de Santa Maria Maior|url=http://www.jf-stamariamaior.pt/historia.html|location=Santa Maria Maior, Funchal (Madeira), Portugal|year=2011|accessdate=03-02-2011|language=Portuguese}}</ref> This aglomeration extended from Ribeira do João Gomes until Corpo Santo, along the beachfront, and concentrated around a small temple constructed to the invokation of Santa Maria, or Santa Maria do Calhau as it was briefly known. Santa Maria do Calhau, constructed in 1430, served the congregations east of the bay of Funchal, and was also known as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo'' ({{lang-en|Our Lady of the Conception}}), or simply ''Santa Maria Maior''.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> The chapel was the seat of the parish of Santa Maria Maior until 1508, when the Church of the Sé Catedral was completed, and the parishioners were obligated to transfer there for services. Santa Maria Maior was the first parish to be instituted in Funchal. Its name was given, as some historians believe, because it was constructed in larger proportions than the chapel consecrated in the name of ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' ordered built by [[João Gonçalves Zarco]] (on the present site of the Church of Santa Clara).<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> Zarco's chapel was known as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Cima'' (meaning, geographically, ''top'' for its location), in opposition to Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (which means "bottom"), but referred to as ''Nossa Senhora do Calhau'', because it was built on the coast (''calhau'' is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for ''rock-covered beaches'', typical of the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]).<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>
From the initial founding of Funchal, the island of Madeira was peppered with small settlements along the coasts near access to the sea. The settlement that would later take on the name of Santa Maria Maior developed spontaneously from the first homes constructed in 1425.<ref name="JFSantaMMairo">{{cite web|publisher=Junta Freguesia da Santa Maria Maior|title=História da junta de freguesia de Santa Maria Maior|url=http://www.jf-stamariamaior.pt/historia.html|location=Santa Maria Maior, Funchal (Madeira), Portugal|year=2011|accessdate=March 2, 2011|language=Portuguese|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122082652/http://www.jf-stamariamaior.pt/historia.html|archivedate=2011-01-22}}</ref> This agglomeration extended from Ribeira do João Gomes until Corpo Santo, along the beachfront, and concentrated around a small temple constructed to the invocation of Santa Maria, or Santa Maria do Calhau as it was briefly known. Santa Maria do Calhau, constructed in 1430, served the congregations east of the bay of Funchal, and was also known as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo'' ({{langx|en|Our Lady of the Conception}}), or simply ''Santa Maria Maior''.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> The chapel was the seat of the parish of Santa Maria Maior until 1508, when the Church of the Sé Catedral was completed, and the parishioners were obligated to transfer there for services. Santa Maria Maior was the first parish to be instituted in Funchal. Its name was given, as some historians believe, because it was constructed in larger proportions than the chapel consecrated in the name of ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' ordered built by [[João Gonçalves Zarco]] (on the present site of the Church of Santa Clara).<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> Zarco's chapel was known as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Cima'' (meaning, geographically, ''top'' for its location), in opposition to Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (which means "bottom"), but referred to as ''Nossa Senhora do Calhau'', because it was built on the coast (''calhau'' is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for ''rock-covered beaches'', typical of the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]).<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


The Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau was destroyed, various times, by storm surges that battered the southern coast, eventually forcing many to concentrate in central Funchal, forming the central agglomeration of that municipality.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> Meanwhile, the construction of the Sé Catedral resulted in a dramatic population growth, and Santa Maria Maior lost its role as the parish seat to Sé.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> In 1557, Santa Maria Maior is divided into two individual parishes: Sé, seat in the Sé Cathedral and Santa Maria Maior, whose seat remained at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau. On 18 November 1557, in accord with ecclesiastical authorities, the parish of Santa Maria Maior was established: its head was the [[vicar]] António Mourão.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>
The Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau was destroyed, various times, by storm surges that battered the southern coast, eventually forcing many to concentrate in central Funchal, forming the central agglomeration of that municipality.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> Meanwhile, the construction of the Sé Catedral resulted in a dramatic population growth, and Santa Maria Maior lost its role as the parish seat to Sé.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/> In 1557, Santa Maria Maior is divided into two individual parishes: Sé, seat in the Sé Cathedral and Santa Maria Maior, whose seat remained at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau. On 18 November 1557, in accord with ecclesiastical authorities, the parish of Santa Maria Maior was established: its head was the [[vicar]] António Mourão.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


Socially, the population was dominated by artisans and "men of office", although subsistence agriculture was important.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>
Socially, the population was dominated by artisans and "men of office", although subsistence agriculture was important.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


After an alluvial flood in 1803, that destroyed a great part of the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau, the parish seat moved to the Church of São Tiago (who had become the patron saint of Funchal).<ref>The change patron saint is still remembered in Funchal with the ''Procissão do Voto da Fé e Penitência'' ({{lang-en|Procession and Allegiance of Faith and Penitence}}), which was instituted in memorial to deaths sustained in many great epidemics over the years.</ref> Finally, the ruins of the chapel were demolished in 1835, so that in its place (at the beginning of the ''Rua de Santa Maria Maior'') was possible the construction of the ''Mercado da União'' ({{lang-en|Union Market}}), which too was later removed in 1911.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>
After an alluvial flood in 1803, that destroyed a great part of the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau, the parish seat moved to the Church of São Tiago (who had become the patron saint of Funchal).<ref>The change patron saint is still remembered in Funchal with the ''Procissão do Voto da Fé e Penitência'' ({{langx|en|Procession and Allegiance of Faith and Penitence}}), which was instituted in memorial to deaths sustained in many great epidemics over the years.</ref> Finally, the ruins of the chapel were demolished in 1835, so that in its place (at the beginning of the ''Rua de Santa Maria Maior'') was possible the construction of the ''Mercado da União'' ({{langx|en|Union Market}}), which too was later removed in 1911.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


In 1851 the [[Jewish Cemitery of Funchal]] was built in Rua do Lazareto, which still exists today.
In 1851 the [[Jewish Cemetery of Funchal]] was built in Rua do Lazareto, which still exists today.


In 1940 the [[Mercado dos Lavradores]] was opened.
Santa Maria Maior too was influenced by the evolution of the economic cycles, primarily wheat, suger and wine, which developed the island in successive decades.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>

Santa Maria Maior too was influenced by the evolution of the economic cycles, primarily wheat, sugar and wine, which developed the island in successive decades.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


The administration of the parish remained under the ecclesiastical administration of the church, and through parish commissioners, who were later substituted by magistrates who were proposed by the municipal council.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>
The administration of the parish remained under the ecclesiastical administration of the church, and through parish commissioners, who were later substituted by magistrates who were proposed by the municipal council.<ref name=JFSantaMMairo/>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:2010-03-02 13 07 35 Portugal-Santa Luzia.jpg|235px|left|thumb|Santa Maria Maior, along the coast, showing the rugged escarpments of Madeira]]
{{stack|[[File:2010-03-02 13 07 35 Portugal-Funchal.jpg|235px|thumb|Santa Maria Maior, along the coast, showing the rugged escarpments of Madeira]]}}
It is located about 3&nbsp;km east of the urban centre of Funchal, 4.5&nbsp;km southwest Camacha and only 3&nbsp;km west Caniço. The area is an urbanized section of the municipality of Funchal linked by ancillary roads to other sections of the island, as well as roadway that extends across the island. Until the mid-20th century, much of the interior of this parish was pasture and agricultural lands (central and western section), with denser forest in the northeast and northwest. The encroachment of urban housing, especially after the [[Carnation Revolution]] resulted in a transformation of this area into an ancillary bedroom community of Funchal.
It is located about 3&nbsp;km east of the urban centre of Funchal, 4.5&nbsp;km southwest Camacha and only 3&nbsp;km west Caniço. The area is an urbanized section of the municipality of Funchal linked by ancillary roads to other sections of the island, as well as roadway that extends across the island. Until the mid-20th century, much of the interior of this parish was pasture and agricultural lands (central and western section), with denser forest in the northeast and northwest. The encroachment of urban housing, especially after the [[Carnation Revolution]] resulted in a transformation of this area into an ancillary bedroom community of Funchal.

==See also==
* [[Quinta da Boa Vista (Madeira)|Quinta da Boa Vista orchid center]]


==References==
==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Parishes of Funchal]]
[[Category:Parishes of Funchal]]

Latest revision as of 04:44, 30 October 2024

Santa Maria Maior
Civil parish
The urbanized coastal buildings of Santa Maria Maior situated in a mountainous geography
The urbanized coastal buildings of Santa Maria Maior situated in a mountainous geography
Santa Maria Maior is located in Madeira
Santa Maria Maior
Santa Maria Maior
Location in Madeira
Coordinates: 32°39′38″N 16°53′29″W / 32.66056°N 16.89139°W / 32.66056; -16.89139
Country Portugal
Auton. regionMadeira
IslandMadeira
MunicipalityFunchal
EstablishedSettlement: c. 1425
Parish: 18 November 1557
Civil parish: 25 April 1976
Area
 • Total
4.86 km2 (1.88 sq mi)
Elevation
282 m (925 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
13,352
 • Density2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
9060-199
Area code291
PatronSanta Maria
Websitewww.jf-stamariamaior.pt

Santa Maria Maior (Portuguese meaning Saint Mary the Great) is a civil parish in the eastern part of the municipality of Funchal on the island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 13,352,[1] in an area of 4.86 km2.[2]

History

[edit]
The walled fortifications of the Fort of São Tiago, built to protect the coast from piracy during the 16th-17th century

From the initial founding of Funchal, the island of Madeira was peppered with small settlements along the coasts near access to the sea. The settlement that would later take on the name of Santa Maria Maior developed spontaneously from the first homes constructed in 1425.[3] This agglomeration extended from Ribeira do João Gomes until Corpo Santo, along the beachfront, and concentrated around a small temple constructed to the invocation of Santa Maria, or Santa Maria do Calhau as it was briefly known. Santa Maria do Calhau, constructed in 1430, served the congregations east of the bay of Funchal, and was also known as Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (English: Our Lady of the Conception), or simply Santa Maria Maior.[3] The chapel was the seat of the parish of Santa Maria Maior until 1508, when the Church of the Sé Catedral was completed, and the parishioners were obligated to transfer there for services. Santa Maria Maior was the first parish to be instituted in Funchal. Its name was given, as some historians believe, because it was constructed in larger proportions than the chapel consecrated in the name of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ordered built by João Gonçalves Zarco (on the present site of the Church of Santa Clara).[3] Zarco's chapel was known as Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Cima (meaning, geographically, top for its location), in opposition to Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Baixo (which means "bottom"), but referred to as Nossa Senhora do Calhau, because it was built on the coast (calhau is Portuguese for rock-covered beaches, typical of the Azores and Madeira).[3]

The Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau was destroyed, various times, by storm surges that battered the southern coast, eventually forcing many to concentrate in central Funchal, forming the central agglomeration of that municipality.[3] Meanwhile, the construction of the Sé Catedral resulted in a dramatic population growth, and Santa Maria Maior lost its role as the parish seat to Sé.[3] In 1557, Santa Maria Maior is divided into two individual parishes: Sé, seat in the Sé Cathedral and Santa Maria Maior, whose seat remained at the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau. On 18 November 1557, in accord with ecclesiastical authorities, the parish of Santa Maria Maior was established: its head was the vicar António Mourão.[3]

Socially, the population was dominated by artisans and "men of office", although subsistence agriculture was important.[3]

After an alluvial flood in 1803, that destroyed a great part of the Church of Nossa Senhora do Calhau, the parish seat moved to the Church of São Tiago (who had become the patron saint of Funchal).[4] Finally, the ruins of the chapel were demolished in 1835, so that in its place (at the beginning of the Rua de Santa Maria Maior) was possible the construction of the Mercado da União (English: Union Market), which too was later removed in 1911.[3]

In 1851 the Jewish Cemetery of Funchal was built in Rua do Lazareto, which still exists today.

In 1940 the Mercado dos Lavradores was opened.

Santa Maria Maior too was influenced by the evolution of the economic cycles, primarily wheat, sugar and wine, which developed the island in successive decades.[3]

The administration of the parish remained under the ecclesiastical administration of the church, and through parish commissioners, who were later substituted by magistrates who were proposed by the municipal council.[3]

Geography

[edit]
Santa Maria Maior, along the coast, showing the rugged escarpments of Madeira

It is located about 3 km east of the urban centre of Funchal, 4.5 km southwest Camacha and only 3 km west Caniço. The area is an urbanized section of the municipality of Funchal linked by ancillary roads to other sections of the island, as well as roadway that extends across the island. Until the mid-20th century, much of the interior of this parish was pasture and agricultural lands (central and western section), with denser forest in the northeast and northwest. The encroachment of urban housing, especially after the Carnation Revolution resulted in a transformation of this area into an ancillary bedroom community of Funchal.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  2. ^ Eurostat
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "História da junta de freguesia de Santa Maria Maior" (in Portuguese). Santa Maria Maior, Funchal (Madeira), Portugal: Junta Freguesia da Santa Maria Maior. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-01-22. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  4. ^ The change patron saint is still remembered in Funchal with the Procissão do Voto da Fé e Penitência (English: Procession and Allegiance of Faith and Penitence), which was instituted in memorial to deaths sustained in many great epidemics over the years.
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