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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
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[[Image:Design for the Summer Smoking Room at Cardiff Castle.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Haig's illustration for the Summer Smoking Room at [[Cardiff Castle]]]]
{{Infobox person
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'''Axel Herman Haig''' ({{lang-sv|Axel Herman Hägg}}, 10 November 1835 &ndash; 1921) was a Swedish-born artist and illustrator. His paintings, illustrations and etchings, undertaken for himself and on behalf of many of the foremost architects of the Victorian period made him "the [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi|Piranesi]] of the [[Gothic Revival]]."<ref name="AH">Mordaunt Crook et al. 1984, p&nbsp;13</ref>
| name = Axel Haig
| image = Hägg, Axel Herman (i Hvar 8 dag no 13 1910).jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Axel Herman Hägg
| birth_date = 10 November 1835
| birth_place = [[Gotland]], [[Sweden]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1921|8|23|1835|11|10}}
| death_place = [[Haslemere#Grayswood|Grayswood]], [[Surrey]], England
| known_for = Art (drawing, etching), architecture
| movement = [[Gothic Revival]]
}}
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'''Axel Herman Haig''' [[Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers|RE]] ({{langx|sv|'''Axel Herman Hägg'''}}; 10 November 1835 –23 August 1921) was a Swedish-born artist, illustrator and architect. His paintings, illustrations and etchings, undertaken for himself and on behalf of many of the foremost architects of the Victorian period made him "the [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi|Piranesi]] of the [[Gothic Revival]]."<ref name="AH">Mordaunt Crook et al. 1984, p&nbsp;13</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=13976|title= Axel Herman Hägg|publisher= Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
|author=Jonas Gavel |access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>


== Life ==
⚫
Haig was born on the island of [[Gotland]] in the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name="AH"/> His father was a landowner and timber merchant.<ref name="AH"/> Haig was apprenticed as a shipbuilder at the government dockyard at Karlskrona and in 1856 went to [[Glasgow]] for a further period of training at a firm of [[Clydeside]] shipbuilders.<ref name="AH"/> But his interests had turned to architecture and in 1859, he undertook a new apprenticeship as a draughtsman in the offices of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.<ref name="AH"/> After seven years there, he launched himself as an architectural artist. The middle years of the nineteenth century saw an explosion in the practice of architectural competitions. The wealth generated by the empire and [[The Industrial Revolution]] created the necessary conditions for a vast expansion in civic construction. Commissions for government offices, town halls, churches for private benefactors, railway termini were all put out to tender and competing architects required draughtsmen to illustrate their plans. In 1866 Haig met [[William Burges]] when Burges retained him to illustrate his designs for the [[Royal Courts of Justice]] in [[Strand, London|The Strand]].<ref>Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 16</ref> Haig produced a series of watercolour illustrations that were "an immediate sensation."<ref name="AH"/> The competition's winner, [[George Edmund Street]] is said to have remarked, "I wouldn't mind being beaten by drawings like those."<ref name="AH"/>
Haig was born at [[Katthamra]] farm in the parish of [[Östergarn]] on the island of [[Gotland]]. His parents were Axel Hägg, a landowner and timber merchant, and Anna Margaretha Lindström.<ref name="AH" /> He was taught drawing and watercolor painting by [[Pehr Arvid Säve|Per Arvid Säve]] (1811–1887), who ran a private drawing school at [[Visby]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/sbh/b0579.html|title=Per Magnus Arvid Säve|publisher=Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> Haig was apprenticed as a shipbuilder at the government dockyard at [[Karlskrona]]. In 1856 he went to [[Glasgow]] for a further period of training at a firm of [[Clydeside]] shipbuilders.<ref name="AH" /> But his interests had turned to architecture and in 1859, he undertook a new apprenticeship as a draughtsman in the offices of the [[Ecclesiastical Commissioners]].<ref name="AH" /> After seven years there, he launched himself as an architectural artist.


⚫
The middle years of the nineteenth century saw an explosion in the practice of architectural competitions. The wealth generated by the empire and the [[Industrial Revolution]] created the necessary conditions for a vast expansion in civic construction. Commissions for government offices, town halls, churches for private benefactors, railway termini were all put out to tender and competing architects required draughtsmen to illustrate their plans. In 1866 Haig met architect and designer [[William Burges]] (1827–1881) when Burges retained him to illustrate his designs for the [[Royal Courts of Justice]] in [[Strand, London|The Strand]].<ref>Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 16</ref> Haig produced a series of watercolour illustrations that were "an immediate sensation."<ref name="AH" /> The competition's winner, [[George Edmund Street]], is said to have remarked, "I wouldn't mind being beaten by drawings like those."<ref name="AH" />
⚫
Haig and Burges continued in partnership until the latter's death in 1881. In that time they jointly produced some of the most spectacular medieval visions of the Victorian [[Gothic Revival]]. [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Knightshayes Court]], the [[Church of Christ the Consoler]] at [[Skelton-on-Ure]], [[Studley Royal Park#St Mary's Church and the deer park|St Mary's Church]], [[Park House, Cardiff|Park House]], the [[Harrow School#Speech Room|Speech Room, Harrow School]], [[Castell Coch]], [[Trinity College, Hartford]], [[Connecticut]] and the designs for the re-decoration of [[Saint Paul's Cathedral]]:<ref>Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 17</ref> as Burges designed his most important commissions, so Haig drew them. "In Haig, Burges, the architect of a medieval dreamland, had found an artist worthy of his dreams."<ref name="AH"/>


⚫
In 1875, Haig made study trips to [[Italy]] and [[Sicily]], which resulted in a multitude of drawings and watercolors of mainly medieval architecture. Haig and Burges continued in partnership until the latter's death in 1881. In that time they produced some of the most spectacular medieval visions of the Victorian [[Gothic Revival]]. [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Knightshayes Court]], the [[Church of Christ the Consoler]] at [[Skelton-on-Ure]], [[Studley Royal Park#St Mary's Church|St Mary's Church]], [[Park House, Cardiff|Park House]], the [[Harrow School#Speech Room|Speech Room, Harrow School]], [[Castell Coch]], [[Trinity College, Hartford]], [[Connecticut]] and the designs for the re-decoration of [[Saint Paul's Cathedral]]:<ref>Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 17</ref> as Burges designed his most important commissions, so Haig drew them. "In Haig, Burges, the architect of a medieval dreamland, had found an artist worthy of his dreams."<ref name="AH" />
⚫
Haig developed a second career as an etcher and his drawings and lithographs of European castles, palaces, landscapes and cathedrals became hugely popular in late-Victorian England.<ref name="AH"/> In a review of his work published by [[RIBA]] in the year of his death, Maurice Adams wrote that "his architectural draughtsmanship ranks without a doubt amongst the foremost of his time and his graphic capability remains unique."<ref>RIBA Journal Volume XXVIII (1921)</ref>


Haig developed a second career as an etcher and his drawings and lithographs of European castles, palaces, landscapes and cathedrals became hugely popular in late-Victorian England. He was elected as a member of the [[Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers|Royal Society of Painter-Etchers]].<ref name="AH" />
⚫
Haig also designed All Saints Church in [[Haslemere#Grayswood|Grayswood]], [[Surrey]]. It was built between 1901 and 1902 in a style described variously as Surrey [[Vernacular architecture|Vernacular]]<ref name="Pevsner262">{{Harvnb|Nairn|Pevsner|1971|p=262.}}</ref> or "13th-century <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[English Gothic architecture|Gothic]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> with [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] elements". It is a Grade II [[listed building]].<ref name="NHLE-1243910">{{NHLE|num=1243910|desc=Church of All Saints, Grayswood Road, Grayswood|grade=II|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref>


Haig was mostly a resident of England, but spent the summers at the family farm on Gotland. [[Flodafors|Floda Church]] at [[Södermanland]], Sweden, was rebuilt and underwent restoration between 1885 and 1888 on the basis of his drawings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://christermalmberg.se/pictor/kyrkor/floda.php|title= Floda kyrka|publisher= christermalmberg.se|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref>
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[[File:All Saints Church, Grayswood - geograph.org.uk - 683051.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Church designed by Haig in his adopted village of Grayswood]]


⚫
Haig also designed [[All Saints' Church, Grayswood]], [[Surrey]]. It was built between 1901 and 1902 in a style described variously as Surrey [[Vernacular architecture|Vernacular]]<ref name="Pevsner262">{{Harvnb|Nairn|Pevsner|1971|p=262.}}</ref> or "13th-century <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[English Gothic architecture|Gothic]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> with [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] elements". Haig is buried in the graveyard. The church is a Grade II [[listed building]].<ref name="NHLE-1243910">{{NHLE|num=1243910|desc=Church of All Saints, Grayswood Road, Grayswood|grade=II|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref>
==Notes==
⚫
{{reflist|2}}


⚫
In a review of Haig's work published by the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] in the year of his death, Maurice Adams wrote that "his architectural draughtsmanship ranks without a doubt amongst the foremost of his time and his graphic capability remains unique."<ref>''Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects'', Volume XXVIII (1921)</ref>
⚫
==References==


==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px">
Flodakyrka.JPG|Floda Church in Södermanland
⚫
Design for the Summer Smoking Room at Cardiff Castle.jpg|Haig's illustration for the Summer Smoking Room at [[Cardiff Castle]]
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All Saints Church, Grayswood - geograph.org.uk - 683051.jpg|All Saints Church designed by Haig in his adopted village of Grayswood
All Saints Church, Grayswood Road, Grayswood (June 2015) (Axel Haig Gravestone) (2).JPG|Haig's headstone
</gallery>

⚫
== References ==
⚫
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==
* Armstrong, E.A, ''Axel Herman Haig and His Works'' (1905) [[The Fine Art Society]], Ltd
* Armstrong, E.A, ''Axel Herman Haig and His Works'' (1905) [[The Fine Art Society]], Ltd
* [[J. Mordaunt Crook|Mordaunt Crook, J.]] and Lennox-Boyd, C, ''Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages'' (1984) [[George Allen and Unwin]]
* [[J. Mordaunt Crook|Mordaunt Crook, J.]] and Lennox-Boyd, C, ''Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages'' (1984) [[George Allen and Unwin]]
*{{cite book|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|authorlink1=Ian Nairn|last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus|authorlink2=Nikolaus Pevsner|title=The Buildings of England: Surrey|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|location=Harmondsworth|year=1971|origyear=1962|edition=2nd|isbn=0-300-09675-5|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Nairn|first1=Ian|authorlink1=Ian Nairn|last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus|authorlink2=Nikolaus Pevsner|title=The Buildings of England: Surrey|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|location=Harmondsworth|year=1971|orig-year=1962|edition=2nd|isbn=0-300-09675-5}}

== External links ==
*[http://emp-web-84.zetcom.ch/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=artist&objectId=10265&viewType=detailView Illustration by Axel Herman Hägg (Nationalmuseum)]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control (arts)|country=SV}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Haig, Alex}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haig, Alex}}
[[Category:1835 births]]
[[Category:1835 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
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[[Category:People from Gotland]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriates in England]]
[[Category:Swedish artists]]
[[Category:Swedish artists]]
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[[Category:Swedish architects]]
[[Category:Swedish ecclesiastical architects]]
[[Category:Swedish ecclesiastical architects]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish architects]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish architects]]

Latest revision as of 09:39, 30 October 2024

Axel Haig
Born
Axel Herman Hägg

10 November 1835
Gotland, Sweden
Died23 August 1921(1921-08-23) (aged 85)
Grayswood, Surrey, England
Known forArt (drawing, etching), architecture
MovementGothic Revival

Axel Herman Haig RE (Swedish: Axel Herman Hägg; 10 November 1835 –23 August 1921) was a Swedish-born artist, illustrator and architect. His paintings, illustrations and etchings, undertaken for himself and on behalf of many of the foremost architects of the Victorian period made him "the Piranesi of the Gothic Revival."[1][2]

Life

[edit]

Haig was born at Katthamra farm in the parish of Östergarn on the island of Gotland. His parents were Axel Hägg, a landowner and timber merchant, and Anna Margaretha Lindström.[1] He was taught drawing and watercolor painting by Per Arvid Säve (1811–1887), who ran a private drawing school at Visby.[3] Haig was apprenticed as a shipbuilder at the government dockyard at Karlskrona. In 1856 he went to Glasgow for a further period of training at a firm of Clydeside shipbuilders.[1] But his interests had turned to architecture and in 1859, he undertook a new apprenticeship as a draughtsman in the offices of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.[1] After seven years there, he launched himself as an architectural artist.

The middle years of the nineteenth century saw an explosion in the practice of architectural competitions. The wealth generated by the empire and the Industrial Revolution created the necessary conditions for a vast expansion in civic construction. Commissions for government offices, town halls, churches for private benefactors, railway termini were all put out to tender and competing architects required draughtsmen to illustrate their plans. In 1866 Haig met architect and designer William Burges (1827–1881) when Burges retained him to illustrate his designs for the Royal Courts of Justice in The Strand.[4] Haig produced a series of watercolour illustrations that were "an immediate sensation."[1] The competition's winner, George Edmund Street, is said to have remarked, "I wouldn't mind being beaten by drawings like those."[1]

In 1875, Haig made study trips to Italy and Sicily, which resulted in a multitude of drawings and watercolors of mainly medieval architecture. Haig and Burges continued in partnership until the latter's death in 1881. In that time they produced some of the most spectacular medieval visions of the Victorian Gothic Revival. Cardiff Castle, Knightshayes Court, the Church of Christ the Consoler at Skelton-on-Ure, St Mary's Church, Park House, the Speech Room, Harrow School, Castell Coch, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut and the designs for the re-decoration of Saint Paul's Cathedral:[5] as Burges designed his most important commissions, so Haig drew them. "In Haig, Burges, the architect of a medieval dreamland, had found an artist worthy of his dreams."[1]

Haig developed a second career as an etcher and his drawings and lithographs of European castles, palaces, landscapes and cathedrals became hugely popular in late-Victorian England. He was elected as a member of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers.[1]

Haig was mostly a resident of England, but spent the summers at the family farm on Gotland. Floda Church at Södermanland, Sweden, was rebuilt and underwent restoration between 1885 and 1888 on the basis of his drawings.[6]

Haig also designed All Saints' Church, Grayswood, Surrey. It was built between 1901 and 1902 in a style described variously as Surrey Vernacular[7] or "13th-century [Gothic] with Arts and Crafts elements". Haig is buried in the graveyard. The church is a Grade II listed building.[8]

In a review of Haig's work published by the Royal Institute of British Architects in the year of his death, Maurice Adams wrote that "his architectural draughtsmanship ranks without a doubt amongst the foremost of his time and his graphic capability remains unique."[9]

[edit]
  • Floda Church in Södermanland
    Floda Church in Södermanland
  • Haig's illustration for the Summer Smoking Room at Cardiff Castle
    Haig's illustration for the Summer Smoking Room at Cardiff Castle
  • All Saints Church designed by Haig in his adopted village of Grayswood
    All Saints Church designed by Haig in his adopted village of Grayswood
  • Haig's headstone
    Haig's headstone

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Mordaunt Crook et al. 1984, p 13
  2. ^ Jonas Gavel. "Axel Herman Hägg". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  3. ^ "Per Magnus Arvid Säve". Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  4. ^ Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 16
  5. ^ Axel Haig and the Victorian Vision of the Middle Ages page 17
  6. ^ "Floda kyrka". christermalmberg.se. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  7. ^ Nairn & Pevsner 1971, p. 262.
  8. ^ Historic England. "Church of All Saints, Grayswood Road, Grayswood (Grade II) (1243910)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  9. ^ Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, Volume XXVIII (1921)

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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