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{{short description|Long-period comet}}
{{Infobox Comet
{{Infobox Comet
| name=C/1957 P1
| name=C/1957 P1
| image= Mrkos 1957A.jpg
| image= Comet Mrkos August 25.19 by Palomar.jpg
| caption= Comet Mrkos on August 27, 1957
| caption= Comet Mrkos on August 25, 1957
| discoverer=[[Antonín Mrkos]]
| discoverer=[[Antonín Mrkos]]
| discovery_date=July, 1957
| discovery_date=July 29, 1957
| designations=Comet Mrkos, 1957 P1
| designations=Comet Mrkos, 1957 P1
| epoch=2436040.5 (July 21, 1957)
| epoch=2436040.5 (July 21, 1957)
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|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C/1957+P1
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C/1957+P1
|publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate=2011-03-13}}</ref>
|access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref>
| aphelion=1,117 AU
| aphelion=1,117 AU
| eccentricity=0.999365
| eccentricity=0.999365
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| next_p= <!-- Calculated from future 1/a value from http://www.oaa.gr.jp/~oaacs/nk/nk837.htm because Solar System is n-body system. --> <!-- Solar System is not a two-body system. The previous or the next comet return cannot be calculated simply from current value of orbital period. Semi-major axis and orbital period will change during one revolution due to gravitational perturbations from planets. -->
| next_p= <!-- Calculated from future 1/a value from http://www.oaa.gr.jp/~oaacs/nk/nk837.htm because Solar System is n-body system. --> <!-- Solar System is not a two-body system. The previous or the next comet return cannot be calculated simply from current value of orbital period. Semi-major axis and orbital period will change during one revolution due to gravitational perturbations from planets. -->
}}
}}
'''Comet Mrkos''', formally known as '''C/1957 P1''' (old style ''1957d''), was a non-periodical comet discoverd in 1957 by [[Antonín Mrkos]]. It was one of the two bright comets that had their perihelion in 1957, the other being [[Comet Arend–Roland]]. Its peak magnitude was estimated to be around 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Brightest comets in the last two-thirds century |url=http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/brightest.html |website=www.icq.eps.harvard.edu |date=November 17, 2013}}</ref> and it has been characterised as a [[great comet]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Richter |first1=N. |title=II Cometary physics and the comets Arend-Roland and Mrkos |journal=Vistas in Astronomy |date=January 1960 |volume=3 |pages=132–137 |doi=10.1016/0083-6656(60)90013-1}}</ref>
'''Comet Mrkos''', formally known as '''C/1957 P1''' (old style ''1957d''), was a non-periodic comet discovered in 1957 by [[Antonín Mrkos]]. It was one of two bright comets that had their perihelion in 1957, the other being [[Comet Arend–Roland]]. Its peak magnitude was estimated to be around 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Brightest comets in the last two-thirds century |url=http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/brightest.html |website=www.icq.eps.harvard.edu |date=November 17, 2013}}</ref> and it has been characterised as a [[great comet]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Richter |first1=N. |title=II Cometary physics and the comets Arend-Roland and Mrkos |journal=Vistas in Astronomy |date=January 1960 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=132–137 |doi=10.1016/0083-6656(60)90013-1|bibcode=1960VA......3..132R }}</ref>


== Observations ==
== Observations ==
The comet was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonin Mrkos by [[naked eye]], at the observatory on [[Lomnický štít]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. He announced its discovery on August 2, 1957 and by that point it was already discovered independently by others. However, the comet became known as comet Mrkos. The comet was then near perihelion and its [[apparent magnitude]] was estimated to be around 2.<ref name="Porter">{{cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=J.G. |title=I Arend-Roland (1956h) and Mrkos (1957d) |journal=Vistas in Astronomy |date=January 1960 |volume=3 |pages=128–132 |doi=10.1016/0083-6656(60)90012-X}}</ref>
The comet was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonin Mrkos by [[naked eye]] at the observatory on [[Lomnický štít]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. He announced its discovery on August 2, 1957, but by that point it had already been discovered independently by others, with a report of observation from Japan dated July 29. However, the comet became known as comet Mrkos, as Mrkos' telegram was the first to arrive at the IAU. The comet was then near perihelion and its [[apparent magnitude]] was estimated to be around 2.<ref name="Porter">{{cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=J.G. |title=I Arend-Roland (1956h) and Mrkos (1957d) |journal=Vistas in Astronomy |date=January 1960 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=128–132 |doi=10.1016/0083-6656(60)90012-X|bibcode=1960VA......3..128P }}</ref> By August 4 it had brightened to magnitude 1.<ref name="JRASC">{{cite journal |title=Comet Mrkos, 1957d |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |date=December 1957 |volume=51 |pages=323 |language=en |issn=0035-872X |bibcode=1957JRASC..51..323.}}</ref>


The comet gradually moved away of the sun and became a conspicuous object visible after the sunset. The tail of the comet was estimated to be more than 5 degrees long. The comet had two tails, one that at the start was brighter and curved, and a straight one with knots that became brighter at the end of August and showed rapid changes in appearance. The comet remained visible by naked eye until the end of September.<ref name="Porter"/>
At the time of discovery the comet was near perihelion and located near [[Pollux (star)|Pollux]] in the constellation [[Gemini (constellation)|Gemini]]. It then moved north of the sun and was visible both in the evening and morning sky.<ref name="Bortle">{{cite web |last1=Bortle |first1=John E. |title=THE BRIGHT-COMET CHRONICLES |url=http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/bortle.html |website=www.icq.eps.harvard.edu |access-date=22 April 2020 |date=1998}}</ref> The comet gradually moved away from the sun and became a conspicuous object visible after sunset. The tail of the comet was estimated to be more than 5 degrees long. The comet had two tails, one that at the start was brighter and curved, and a straight one with knots that became brighter at the end of August and showed rapid changes in appearance.<ref name="Porter"/><ref name="JRASC"/> From 10 August to 15 August the tail of the comet appeared striated.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McClure |first1=Alan |last2=Liller |first2=William |title=Rayed Structure in the Tail of Comet Mrkos, 1957 D |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=August 1958 |volume=70 |issue=415 |pages=404 |doi=10.1086/127247|bibcode=1958PASP...70..404M |doi-access=free }}</ref> The comet moved from the southern part of [[Ursa Major]] to [[Coma Berenices]], while fading slowly. In September it crossed into [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]] as a third-magnitude object;<ref name="Bortle"/> it remained visible to the naked eye until the end of September.<ref name="Porter"/>


By the end of October 1957, the comet had moved again close to the sun and wasn't observable. It was recovered at the end of January 1958 and it was last observed on July 9, 1958, when it was photographed as a 19 magnitude diffuse object.<ref name="Porter"/>
By the end of October 1957, the comet had moved close to the sun again and wasn't observable. It was recovered at the end of January 1958 and was last observed July 9, 1958, when it was photographed as a diffuse 19th-magnitude object.<ref name="Porter"/>


Observation of the comet revealed the presence of [[sodium]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vainu Bappu |first1=M. K. |last2=Sinvhal |first2=S. D. |title=Polarization Measures of Comet Arend-Roland (1956h) and Comet Mrkos (1957d) |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=1 February 1960 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=152–162 |doi=10.1093/mnras/120.2.152}}</ref> and [[cyanide]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ferron |first1=Ignacio R. |title=On the CN (0, 0) spectrum of Comet Mrkos 1957d |journal=Astrophysics and Space Science |date=November 1977 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=11–16 |doi=10.1007/BF00647154}}</ref> in its spectrum, in the predicted values.
Observation of the comet revealed the presence of [[sodium]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vainu Bappu |first1=M. K. |last2=Sinvhal |first2=S. D. |title=Polarization Measures of Comet Arend-Roland (1956h) and Comet Mrkos (1957d) |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=1 February 1960 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=152–162 |doi=10.1093/mnras/120.2.152|bibcode=1960MNRAS.120..152V |doi-access=free }}</ref> and [[cyanide]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ferron |first1=Ignacio R. |title=On the CN (0, 0) spectrum of Comet Mrkos 1957d |journal=Astrophysics and Space Science |date=November 1977 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=11–16 |doi=10.1007/BF00647154|bibcode=1977Ap&SS..52...11F }}</ref> in its spectrum in the predicted values.


== References ==
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mrkos}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mrkos}}
[[Category:Non-periodic comets]]
[[Category:Non-periodic comets]]
[[Category:1956 in science]]
[[Category:1957 in science]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1957|19560802]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1957|19560802]]
[[Category:Great comets]]
[[Category:Great comets]]

Latest revision as of 10:39, 30 October 2024

C/1957 P1
Comet Mrkos on August 25, 1957
Discovery
Discovered byAntonín Mrkos
Discovery dateJuly 29, 1957
Designations
Comet Mrkos, 1957 P1
Orbital characteristics
Epoch2436040.5 (July 21, 1957)
Aphelion1,117 AU
Perihelion0.355 AU[1]
Semi-major axis559 AU
Eccentricity0.999365
Inclination93.9°
Last perihelionAugust 1, 1957

Comet Mrkos, formally known as C/1957 P1 (old style 1957d), was a non-periodic comet discovered in 1957 by Antonín Mrkos. It was one of two bright comets that had their perihelion in 1957, the other being Comet Arend–Roland. Its peak magnitude was estimated to be around 1[2] and it has been characterised as a great comet.[3]

Observations

[edit]

The comet was discovered by Czech astronomer Antonin Mrkos by naked eye at the observatory on Lomnický štít, Czechoslovakia. He announced its discovery on August 2, 1957, but by that point it had already been discovered independently by others, with a report of observation from Japan dated July 29. However, the comet became known as comet Mrkos, as Mrkos' telegram was the first to arrive at the IAU. The comet was then near perihelion and its apparent magnitude was estimated to be around 2.[4] By August 4 it had brightened to magnitude 1.[5]

At the time of discovery the comet was near perihelion and located near Pollux in the constellation Gemini. It then moved north of the sun and was visible both in the evening and morning sky.[6] The comet gradually moved away from the sun and became a conspicuous object visible after sunset. The tail of the comet was estimated to be more than 5 degrees long. The comet had two tails, one that at the start was brighter and curved, and a straight one with knots that became brighter at the end of August and showed rapid changes in appearance.[4][5] From 10 August to 15 August the tail of the comet appeared striated.[7] The comet moved from the southern part of Ursa Major to Coma Berenices, while fading slowly. In September it crossed into Virgo as a third-magnitude object;[6] it remained visible to the naked eye until the end of September.[4]

By the end of October 1957, the comet had moved close to the sun again and wasn't observable. It was recovered at the end of January 1958 and was last observed July 9, 1958, when it was photographed as a diffuse 19th-magnitude object.[4]

Observation of the comet revealed the presence of sodium[8] and cyanide[9] in its spectrum in the predicted values.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)" (1958-07-09 last obs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
  2. ^ "Brightest comets in the last two-thirds century". www.icq.eps.harvard.edu. November 17, 2013.
  3. ^ Richter, N. (January 1960). "II Cometary physics and the comets Arend-Roland and Mrkos". Vistas in Astronomy. 3 (1): 132–137. Bibcode:1960VA......3..132R. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(60)90013-1.
  4. ^ a b c d Porter, J.G. (January 1960). "I Arend-Roland (1956h) and Mrkos (1957d)". Vistas in Astronomy. 3 (1): 128–132. Bibcode:1960VA......3..128P. doi:10.1016/0083-6656(60)90012-X.
  5. ^ a b "Comet Mrkos, 1957d". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 51: 323. December 1957. Bibcode:1957JRASC..51..323.. ISSN 0035-872X.
  6. ^ a b Bortle, John E. (1998). "THE BRIGHT-COMET CHRONICLES". www.icq.eps.harvard.edu. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  7. ^ McClure, Alan; Liller, William (August 1958). "Rayed Structure in the Tail of Comet Mrkos, 1957 D". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 70 (415): 404. Bibcode:1958PASP...70..404M. doi:10.1086/127247.
  8. ^ Vainu Bappu, M. K.; Sinvhal, S. D. (1 February 1960). "Polarization Measures of Comet Arend-Roland (1956h) and Comet Mrkos (1957d)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 120 (2): 152–162. Bibcode:1960MNRAS.120..152V. doi:10.1093/mnras/120.2.152.
  9. ^ Ferron, Ignacio R. (November 1977). "On the CN (0, 0) spectrum of Comet Mrkos 1957d". Astrophysics and Space Science. 52 (1): 11–16. Bibcode:1977Ap&SS..52...11F. doi:10.1007/BF00647154.
[edit]
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