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{{Short description|Chinese communist}}
{{expand Chinese|date=March 2023|topic=bio}}
⚫
{{Family name hatnote|[[Luo (surname)|Luó {{noitalic|(罗/羅)}}]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[Yuan shuai|Marshal]]
| honorific-prefix = [[Yuanshuai]]
|name = Luo Ronghuan
| name = Luo Ronghuan
|native_name = 罗荣桓
| native_name = 罗荣桓
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|11|26}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|11|26}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1963|12|16|1902|11|26}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1963|12|16|1902|11|26}}
|birth_place = {{Flagicon|Qing dynasty}} [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan Province]], [[Qing dynasty]]
| birth_place = [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan Province]], [[Qing dynasty]]
|death_place = {{Flagicon|PRC}} [[Beijing]], People's Republic of China
| death_place = [[Beijing]], China
|image=Luo Ronghuan.jpg
| image = Luo Ronghuan.jpg
|caption=
| caption = Luo in 1955
| office = [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
|office=Secretary of the [[Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission| Commission for Discipline Inspection]] of the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]]
|term_start=1961
| term_start = 27 September 1954
|term_end=1963
| term_end = 16 December 1963
| 1blankname = Chairman
⚫
|term_start1=17 September 1955
| 1namedata = [[Liu Shaoqi]]<br />[[Zhu De]]
|term_end1=1956
| office1 = Director of the [[General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army]]
|predecessor=Post established
| term_start1 = January 1961
⚫
|successor=[[Tan Zheng]]
| term_end1 = December 1963
⚫
|predecessor1=Tan Zheng
|successor1=[[Xiao Hua (general)|Xiao Hua]]
| successor1 = [[Tan Zheng]]
| predecessor1 = [[Xiao Hua (general)|Xiao Hua]]
⚫
|office2 = Procurator-General of the [[Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
|term_start2=1949
| term_start2 = September 1954
|term_end2=1954
| term_end2 = December 1956
| successor2 = ''Office established''
|predecessor2=Post established
| predecessor2 = Tan Zheng
⚫
|successor2=[[Zhang Dingcheng]]
| office3 = [[Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission|Vice Chairman of the National Defense Council]]{{efn|Office was known as the "Vice Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission" before 29 September 1954.}}
⚫
|allegiance = {{Flagicon|PRC}} People's Republic of China
| term_start3 = 19 June 1954
|nickname =
| term_end3 = 4 January 1965
⚫
|serviceyears = 1927-1963
| 1blankname3 = Chairman
⚫
|rank = [[Yuan shuai|Marshal of People's Republic of China]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Mao Zedong]]
⚫
|commands = [[Political Commissar]] of the Northeast Field Army, PLA

⚫
|branch = [[File:Ground Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]]

|battles = [[Northern Expedition]]，[[Long March]]，[[Hundred Regiments Offensive]]，[[Chinese Civil War]]
| office4 = Secretary of the [[Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission]]
|awards =
| term_start4 = March 1961
| term_end4 = December 1963
| predecessor4 = ''Office established''
⚫
| successor4 = [[Tan Zheng]]
⚫
| term_start5 = 17 September 1955
| term_end5 = 27 September 1954
⚫
| predecessor5 = Tan Zheng
| successor5 = [[Xiao Hua (general)|Xiao Hua]]
| office6 = [[Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
| term_start6 = 1 October 1949
| term_end6 = 27 September 1954
| predecessor6 = ''Office established''
⚫
| successor6 = [[Zhang Dingcheng]]
⚫
| allegiance = {{Flagicon|PRC}} [[People's Republic of China]]
| nickname = 102 ([[military call sign]])
⚫
| serviceyears = 1927–1963
| rank = [[Yuanshuai]]
⚫
| commands = [[Political Commissar]] of the Northeast Field Army, PLA
⚫
| branch = [[People's Liberation Army Ground Force]]
| battles = * [[Northern Expedition]]
* [[Chinese Civil War]]
** [[Long March]]
* [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]
** [[Hundred Regiments Offensive]]
| mawards =
[[File:中国人民解放军一级八一勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Bayi]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级独立自由勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Independence and Freedom]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级解放勋章的略章.PNG|35px]] [[Order of Liberation (China)]] (First Class Medal)
[[File:中国人民解放军一级八一勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Bayi]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级独立自由勋章的略章.png|35px]] [[Order of Independence and Freedom]] (First Class Medal)<br />[[File:中国人民解放军一级解放勋章的略章.PNG|35px]] [[Order of Liberation (China)]] (First Class Medal)
|occupation = General, politician, writer
|occupation = General, politician, writer
}}
}}
⚫
'''Luo Ronghuan''' ({{zh |s = 罗荣桓 |t = 羅榮桓 |p = Luó Rónghuán |w = Lo Jung-huan }}; November 26, 1902 &ndash; December 16, 1963) was a [[Marshal of the People's Republic of China|Marshal]] of the [[People's Republic of China]]. He served as a [[Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress|Vice Chair]] of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]].
⚫
{{Chinese name|[[Luo (surname)|Luó {{noitalic|(罗/羅)}}]]}}

⚫
'''Luo Ronghuan''' ({{zh |s = 罗荣桓 |t = 羅榮桓 |p = Luó Rónghuán |w = Lo Jung-huan }}; November 26, 1902 &ndash; December 16, 1963) was a Chinese [[Communist Party of China|communist]] military leader. He served as a [[Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress|Vice Chair]] of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Standing Committee]] of the [[National People's Congress]]


==Biography==
==Biography==
Luo was born in a village in [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan]] Province. In 1919, at the age of 17, he enrolled in Xiejun Middle School in [[Changsha]]. Five years later, he began attending [[Shandong University]] (then [[Qingdao]] Private College), completing a preparatory course in Industry in Commerce in 1926. He joined the Chinese [[Communist Youth League]] in April 1927 and the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] later that year. During the [[Long March]] he served as the security chief for the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese Red Army]].
Luo was born in a village in [[Hengshan County]], [[Hunan]] Province. In 1919, at the age of 17, he enrolled in Xiejun Middle School in [[Changsha]]. Five years later, he began attending [[Shandong University]] (then [[Qingdao]] Private College), completing a preparatory course in Industry in Commerce in 1926. He joined the Chinese [[Communist Youth League]] in April 1927 and the [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] later that year. He was the only one of the later ten Marshals to have followed Mao in the [[Autumn Harvest Uprising]]. During the [[Long March]] he served as the security chief for the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese Red Army]].


During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] he served as political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region]] anti-troskyites campaign extended to other base areas, including Shandong, leading to a frenzied campaign of mass execution of party cadres. This was put to a halt thanks to Luo's intervention in November 1939. This incident reached Yan'an in early 1940, which lead to a reexamination of the anti-trotskyite campaign in Shandong on a meeting convened by [[Chen Yun]]. Here, the campaign was criticized as too extremist, although it was maintained that it was correct, which was not enough to stop the deadly campaign, despite Luo's efforts, which saved more than 100 lives, the campaign did not fully end until April 1942, after an inspection by [[Liu Shaoqi]].<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose">Gao Hua, ''How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945'', Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. 2018</ref>{{rp|480–481}}
After World War II, Luo served as the [[political commissar]] of [[Lin Biao]] in [[Northeast China]] during the Chinese civil war. Unbeknownst to outsiders, Luo's contribution to the communist victory in the northeast and hence to a great degree, elsewhere in mainland China was far greater than what was previously publicized, and in fact, greater than that of Lin Biao. The reason is that people often overlooked Luo's political contribution by concentrating on Lin Biao's military victories. However, Lin Biao, or any other communist commanders would never be able to achieve any military victory if there is not any strong and stable political support from the troops and the general populace. This is where Luo's importance proved to be critical: Luo's skillful political work ensured the troops' loyalty and popular support of the communists.


After [[Zhu Rui]] dismissal as political commissar of the Eighth Route Army in Shandong in 1942, he held unified leadership over the government, Party and military in the Shandong area during the war against Japan. He chaired the General Study Committee, where he tried to oppose the [[Yan'an Rectification Movement|Rectification Campaign]] excesses in Shandong.<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose" />{{rp|617–620}} During his leadership of Shandong the communist forces and territory grew, at the time of China's victory on the war against Japan the CCP controlled most of Shandong strongholds and communication lines, which were vital for communist victory during the Chinese civil war.<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose" />{{rp|625}}
After the end of World War II, the communists demilitarized more than a million of its troops. However, the communist demilitarization was far from the peaceful demilitarization of the nationalist counterparts, and in fact, the communist demilitarization was part of [[Mao Zedong]]'s class struggle in which most of these demilitarized troops and cadres were persecuted. The reason of persecution of the troops and cadres within their own rank was simple: despite their dedication to communism, those troops and cadres were from well to do family backgrounds. As a result, the communists were not only in danger losing the popular support, but also face alienation and defection within its own ranks. Luo was instrumental in stopping the widespread persecution and thus saved the communists in Northeast China from losing the popular support, as well as supports within its own ranks, thus strengthened the communists, ensured Lin Biao's later military victories, and Luo did all of these against Mao's wishes. It was not after witnessing Luo's success did Mao started to praise Luo's effort.


After World War II, Luo served as the [[political commissar]] of [[Lin Biao]] in [[Northeast China]] during the Chinese civil war.
As a result of Luo's success, the defection and desertion among communists in [[Liaodong]], [[Jilin]], and [[Heilongjiang]] only numbered around 60,000, while in other communist controlled region such as in Shandong alone, the defection and desertion numbered more than 300,000 according to Mao's own admission, and the communist force in Shandong was much smaller than that of those three Northeastern provinces. Luo's bravery of rejecting persecution of Mao's class struggle ideology had saved Chinese communists in the northeast from certain failure.


After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 he became Chief of Staff of the [[People's Liberation Army]]. He was made a marshal in 1955.
After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 he became Chief of Staff of the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA). He was made a marshal in 1955.


Luo was the member of the [[7th CPC Central Committee]] and [[8th CPC Politburo]]. When Luo died in 1963, both Mao and Lin Biao attended his funeral; his funeral was one of the only two funerals Marshal Lin Biao attended, the other being the funeral of his former chief of staff and commander-in-chief of the [[People's Liberation Army|PLA]] air force General [[Liu Yalou]].
Luo was the member of the [[7th CPC Central Committee]] and [[8th CPC Politburo]]. He died in 1963, and the funeral was attended by Mao and Lin Biao; the only other funeral attended by Lin Biao was for [[People's Liberation Army Air Force|PLA Air Force]] General [[Liu Yalou]].


⚫
== See also ==
⚫
* [[List of generals of the People's Republic of China]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
Line 56: Line 87:
== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{in lang|zh}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106230346/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/17/content_694230.htm Biography of Luo Ronghuan], [[Xinhuanet]]
* {{in lang|zh}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106230346/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/17/content_694230.htm Biography of Luo Ronghuan], [[Xinhuanet]]

⚫
== See also ==
* [[List of generals of the People's Republic of China]]


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
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{{succession box
{{succession box
|before = none
|before = none
|title = Procurator-General of the [[Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
|title = [[Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
|years = 1949–1954
|years = 1949–1954
|after = [[Zhang Dingcheng]]
|after = [[Zhang Dingcheng]]
Line 81: Line 109:
[[Category:Marshals of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Marshals of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:People from Hengshan County]]
[[Category:People from Hengshan County]]
[[Category:Communist Party of China politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hengyang]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hengyang]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Politburo of the Communist Party of China]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress]]
[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress]]
⚫
[[Category:Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
[[Category:National Wuhan University alumni]]

Latest revision as of 13:33, 30 October 2024

In this Chinese name, the family name is Luó (罗/羅).
Yuanshuai
Luo Ronghuan
罗荣桓
Luo in 1955
Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
In office
27 September 1954 – 16 December 1963
ChairmanLiu Shaoqi
Zhu De
Director of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army
In office
January 1961 – December 1963
Preceded byXiao Hua
Succeeded byTan Zheng
In office
September 1954 – December 1956
Preceded byTan Zheng
Succeeded byOffice established
Vice Chairman of the National Defense Council[a]
In office
19 June 1954 – 4 January 1965
ChairmanMao Zedong
Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
In office
March 1961 – December 1963
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byTan Zheng
In office
17 September 1955 – 27 September 1954
Preceded byTan Zheng
Succeeded byXiao Hua
Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate
In office
1 October 1949 – 27 September 1954
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byZhang Dingcheng
Personal details
Born(1902-11-26)26 November 1902
Hengshan County, Hunan Province, Qing dynasty
Died16 December 1963(1963-12-16) (aged 61)
Beijing, China
OccupationGeneral, politician, writer
Nickname102 (military call sign)
Military service
AllegianceChina People's Republic of China
Branch/servicePeople's Liberation Army Ground Force
Years of service1927–1963
RankYuanshuai
CommandsPolitical Commissar of the Northeast Field Army, PLA
Battles/wars
Awards Order of Bayi (First Class Medal)
Order of Independence and Freedom (First Class Medal)
Order of Liberation (China) (First Class Medal)

Luo Ronghuan (simplified Chinese: 罗荣桓; traditional Chinese: 羅榮桓; pinyin: Luó Rónghuán; Wade–Giles: Lo Jung-huan; November 26, 1902 – December 16, 1963) was a Marshal of the People's Republic of China. He served as a Vice Chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

Biography

[edit]

Luo was born in a village in Hengshan County, Hunan Province. In 1919, at the age of 17, he enrolled in Xiejun Middle School in Changsha. Five years later, he began attending Shandong University (then Qingdao Private College), completing a preparatory course in Industry in Commerce in 1926. He joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in April 1927 and the Chinese Communist Party later that year. He was the only one of the later ten Marshals to have followed Mao in the Autumn Harvest Uprising. During the Long March he served as the security chief for the Chinese Red Army.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War he served as political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region anti-troskyites campaign extended to other base areas, including Shandong, leading to a frenzied campaign of mass execution of party cadres. This was put to a halt thanks to Luo's intervention in November 1939. This incident reached Yan'an in early 1940, which lead to a reexamination of the anti-trotskyite campaign in Shandong on a meeting convened by Chen Yun. Here, the campaign was criticized as too extremist, although it was maintained that it was correct, which was not enough to stop the deadly campaign, despite Luo's efforts, which saved more than 100 lives, the campaign did not fully end until April 1942, after an inspection by Liu Shaoqi.[1]: 480–481 

After Zhu Rui dismissal as political commissar of the Eighth Route Army in Shandong in 1942, he held unified leadership over the government, Party and military in the Shandong area during the war against Japan. He chaired the General Study Committee, where he tried to oppose the Rectification Campaign excesses in Shandong.[1]: 617–620  During his leadership of Shandong the communist forces and territory grew, at the time of China's victory on the war against Japan the CCP controlled most of Shandong strongholds and communication lines, which were vital for communist victory during the Chinese civil war.[1]: 625 

After World War II, Luo served as the political commissar of Lin Biao in Northeast China during the Chinese civil war.

After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 he became Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was made a marshal in 1955.

Luo was the member of the 7th CPC Central Committee and 8th CPC Politburo. He died in 1963, and the funeral was attended by Mao and Lin Biao; the only other funeral attended by Lin Biao was for PLA Air Force General Liu Yalou.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Office was known as the "Vice Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission" before 29 September 1954.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Gao Hua, How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945, Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. 2018
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by
none
 Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate
1949–1954 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Luo_Ronghuan&oldid=1254328663"