Jump to content

Staff college: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Administrative training school for military officers}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}
{{war}}
'''Staff colleges''' (also '''[[Command and Staff College (disambiguation)|command and staff colleges]]''' and '''[[War College (disambiguation)|war college]]s''') train [[military officer]]s in the administrative, staff and policy aspects of their profession. It is usual for such training to occur at several levels in a career. For example, an officer may be sent to various staff courses: as a [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]] they may be sent to a single service command and staff school to prepare for company command and equivalent staff posts; as a major to a single or joint service college to prepare for battalion command and equivalent staff posts; and as a colonel or brigadier to a higher staff college to prepare for brigade and division command and equivalent postings.
'''Staff colleges''' (also '''[[Command and Staff College (disambiguation)|command and staff colleges]]''' and '''[[War college]]s''') train [[military officer]]s in the administrative, [[Staff (military)|military staff]] and policy aspects of their profession. It is usual for such training to occur at several levels in a career. For example, an officer may be sent to various staff courses: as a [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]] they may be sent to a single service command and staff school to prepare for company command and equivalent staff posts; as a major to a single or joint service college to prepare for battalion command and equivalent staff posts; and as a colonel or brigadier to a higher staff college to prepare for brigade and division command and equivalent postings.


The success of staff colleges spawned, in the mid-twentieth century, a civilian imitation in what are called [[administrative staff college]]s. These institutions apply some of the principles of the education of the military colleges to the executive development of managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy. The first and best-known administrative staff college was established in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] at [[Greenlands]] near [[Henley-on-Thames|Henley]], Oxfordshire and is now renamed [[Henley Management College]].
The success of staff colleges spawned, in the mid-twentieth century, a civilian imitation in what are called [[administrative staff college]]s. These institutions apply some of the principles of the education of the military colleges to the executive development of managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy. The first and best-known administrative staff college was established in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] at [[Greenlands, Buckinghamshire|Greenlands]] near [[Henley-on-Thames|Henley]], Oxfordshire and is now renamed [[Henley Management College]].
{{TOC limit|4}}


==History==
==History==

The first modern staff college was that of [[Prussia]]. Prussian advanced officer education began under the reign of [[Frederick the Great]] in 1710.{{Self-contradictory|about=this date|date=November 2019}} The [[Seven Years' War]] demonstrated the inadequacy of the education that generals had at that time, but it was not until 1801 that staff training in a modern sense began when [[Gerhard von Scharnhorst]] became the director of the ''[[Prussian Military Academy]]''. Prussian defeats by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] led to the creation of the ''[[Allgemeine Kriegsschule]]'' (General War Academy) with a nine-month programme covering mathematics, tactics, strategy, staff work, weapons science, military geography, languages, physics, chemistry, and administration.<ref name=VanCrefeld>Martin Van Crefeld, ''The Training of Officers, from military professionalism to irrelevance.'' Free Press, 1990.</ref> The German staff courses have been used as a basic templates for other staff courses around the world.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}
The first modern staff college was that of [[Prussia]]. Prussian advanced officer education began under the reign of [[Frederick the Great]] in 1710.{{Self-contradictory|about=this date|date=November 2019}} The [[Seven Years' War]] demonstrated the inadequacy of the education that generals had at that time, but it was not until 1801 that staff training in a modern sense began when [[Gerhard von Scharnhorst]] became the director of the ''[[Prussian Military Academy]]''. Prussian defeats by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] led to the creation of the ''[[Allgemeine Kriegsschule]]'' (General War Academy) with a nine-month programme covering mathematics, tactics, strategy, staff work, weapons science, military geography, languages, physics, chemistry, and administration.<ref name=VanCrefeld>Martin Van Crefeld, ''The Training of Officers, from military professionalism to irrelevance.'' Free Press, 1990.</ref> The German staff courses have been used as a basic templates for other staff courses around the world.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}


Line 30: Line 32:


Namibia
Namibia
* [[Namibia Command and Staff College]], in [[Okahandja]]
* [[Namibia Command and Staff College]], [[Okahandja]]


Nigeria
Nigeria
* [[Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji]] in [[Kaduna State]]
* [[Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji]] in [[Kaduna State]]

South Africa
* South African National Defence College, [[Thaba Tshwane]] in [[Pretoria]], [[Gauteng]]
* South Africa National War College, Pretoria
* [[South African Army College]], Pretoria
* South African Air Force College, Pretoria
* South African Naval Staff College, [[Muizenberg]], Western Cape
* South African Military Health Training Formation, Pretoria


Uganda
Uganda
Line 61: Line 71:
*[[Canadian Forces College]]
*[[Canadian Forces College]]


====United States of America====
====United States====
=====Air Force=====
=====Air Force=====
*[[Air University (United States)|Air University]], HQ at Maxwell AFB, Alabama
*[[Air University (United States)|Air University]], HQ at Maxwell AFB, Alabama
**[[Air War College]]
**[[USAF Air War College]]
**[[School of Advanced Air and Space Studies]]
**[[School of Advanced Air and Space Studies]]
**[[Air Command and Staff College]]
**[[Air Command and Staff College]]
Line 71: Line 81:


=====Army=====
=====Army=====
*[[U.S. Army War College]] (Carlisle Barracks, PA
*[[U.S. Army War College]], Carlisle Barracks, PA
*[[Command and General Staff College]], Fort Leavenworth, KS
*[[Command and General Staff College]], Fort Leavenworth, KS
**[[Command and General Staff College#School for Command Preparation|School for Command Preparation]]
**[[Command and General Staff College#School for Command Preparation|School for Command Preparation]]
Line 84: Line 94:
**[[Naval War College#Maritime Advanced Warfighting School|Maritime Advanced Warfighting School]]
**[[Naval War College#Maritime Advanced Warfighting School|Maritime Advanced Warfighting School]]
**[[Naval War College#College of Naval Command and Staff|College of Naval Command and Staff]]
**[[Naval War College#College of Naval Command and Staff|College of Naval Command and Staff]]
*[[Naval Postgraduate School]] (Monterey, California)<ref>The [http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Programs/NWC/index.html Naval War College Monterey] is a satellite office of the United States Naval War College, College of Distance Education (CDE) located on campus at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. NPS itself is not a NWC school and is not a Staff College.</ref>
*[[Naval Postgraduate School]] in Monterey, California<ref>The [http://www.nps.edu/Academics/Programs/NWC/index.html Naval War College Monterey] is a satellite office of the United States Naval War College, College of Distance Education (CDE) located on campus at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. NPS itself is not a NWC school and is not a Staff College.</ref>


=====Marines=====
=====Marines=====
Line 101: Line 111:


===Asia===
===Asia===

;Bangladesh
==== Bangladesh ====
⚫
*Defence Services Command And Staff College Mirpur
*[[Defence Services Command and Staff College (Bangladesh)|Defence Services Command And Staff College]]
*[[National Defence College (Bangladesh)|National Defence College]]


====China====
====China====
Line 135: Line 147:
*Air Force Command and General Staff College
*Air Force Command and General Staff College


====Japan====
==== Japan ====

⚫
*[[Naval War College (Japan)]]
===== Tri-Service =====
*[[Army War College (Japan)]]

* [[Joint Staff College]] ([[:ja:統合幕僚学校|統合幕僚学校]], ''Tōgō Bakuryō Gakkō'')

===== JGSDF and IJA =====

* [[JGSDF TERCOM]] ({{ill|陸上自衛隊教育訓練研究本部|ja}} ''Rikujō Jieitai Kyōiku Kunren Kenkyū Honbu'')
* [[JGSDF Staff College]] ({{ill|陸上自衛隊幹部学校|ja}}, ''Rikujō Jieitai Kanbu Gakkō'') - Reorganised into TERCOM in 2018
* [[Army War College (Japan)|Army War College]] (陸軍大学校, ''Rikugun Daigakkō'') - Abolished in 1945
* [[Army Artillery and Engineer School (Japan)|Army Artillery and Engineer School]] ({{ill|陸軍砲工学校|ja}}, ''Rikugun Hōkō Gakkō'') - Renamed Army Science School ({{ill|陸軍科學學校|ja}}, ''Rikugun Kagaku Gakkō'') in 1941, abolished in 1945

===== JMSDF and IJN =====

* [[JMSDF Staff College]] ([[:ja:海上自衛隊幹部学校|海上自衛隊幹部学校]], ''Kaikujō Jieitai Kanbu Gakkō'')
* [[Naval War College (Japan)|Naval War College]] ([[:ja:海軍大学校|海軍大學校]], ''Kaigun Daigakkō'') - Abolished in 1945

===== JASDF =====

* [[Air Staff College (Japan)|Air Staff College]] ([[:ja:海上自衛隊幹部学校|航空自衛隊幹部学校]], ''Kōkū Jieitai Kanbu Gakkō'')

====Jordan====

⚫
[[Royal Jordanian Joint Command and Staff College]]


====Kuwait====
====Kuwait====
Line 147: Line 181:
====Nepal====
====Nepal====
*[http://acsc.mil.np Army Command and Staff College] Kathmandu , Nepal
*[http://acsc.mil.np Army Command and Staff College] Kathmandu , Nepal
*[http://csc.apf.gov.np/ APF Command and Staff College] Kathmandu, Nepal
*[http://csc.apf.gov.np/ APF Command and Staff College] Kathmandu, Nepal


====Pakistan====
====Pakistan====
*[[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence University]]
*[[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence University]]
*[[Command and Staff College]]
*[[Pakistan Command and Staff College|Command and Staff College]]
*[[PAF Air War College]]
*[[PAF Air War College]]
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
Line 165: Line 199:


====Sri Lanka====
====Sri Lanka====
=====Tri-Service=====
⚫
*[[General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University]]
*[[National Defence College, Sri Lanka]]
*[[Defence Services Command and Staff College]]
*[[Defence Services Command and Staff College]]
⚫
*[[General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University]]

=====Army=====
⚫
*[[Army War College, Buttala]]
*[[Volunteer Force Training School]]
*[[Army School of Logistics]]
=====Navy=====
*[[Naval and Maritime Academy]]
=====Air Force=====
*[[SLAF Junior Command & Staff College]]
*[[SLAF Junior Command & Staff College]]


Line 210: Line 254:
* ''[[Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares]]'' ("Higher Military Studies Institute"), [[Portuguese Armed Forces]] Joint Command and Staff College. Created in 2005 by the fusion of the former three separate [[Portuguese Army|Army]], [[Portuguese Navy|Navy]] and [[Portuguese Air Force|Air Force]] staff colleges
* ''[[Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares]]'' ("Higher Military Studies Institute"), [[Portuguese Armed Forces]] Joint Command and Staff College. Created in 2005 by the fusion of the former three separate [[Portuguese Army|Army]], [[Portuguese Navy|Navy]] and [[Portuguese Air Force|Air Force]] staff colleges
* ''Instituto da Defesa Nacional'' ("National Defense Institute"), Ministry of Defense college for National and International Security policy, created in 1967.
* ''Instituto da Defesa Nacional'' ("National Defense Institute"), Ministry of Defense college for National and International Security policy, created in 1967.
'''Sweden'''

*[[Swedish Defence University|Försvarshögskolan]] (Stockholm)


====Switzerland====
====Switzerland====
Line 219: Line 266:
*[[Defence Academy of the United Kingdom]] (Shrivenham)
*[[Defence Academy of the United Kingdom]] (Shrivenham)
**[[Joint Services Command and Staff College]] for officers (OF2 to OF6) and Warrant Officers (Shrivenham)
**[[Joint Services Command and Staff College]] for officers (OF2 to OF6) and Warrant Officers (Shrivenham)
***JSCSC was formed by the merger of: [[Staff College, Camberley]] (Army), [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich]] and [[RAF Staff College, Bracknell]]
***JSCSC was formed by the merger in 1997 of: [[Staff College, Camberley]] (Army), [[Royal Naval College, Greenwich]] and [[RAF Staff College, Bracknell]] and the [[Joint Service Defence College]]
**[[Royal College of Defence Studies]] for officers (OF6 to OF7) and civilians (London)
**[[Royal College of Defence Studies]] for officers generally of colonel or brigadier rank (OF5/OF6) and civilians (London)


===Oceania===
===Oceania===
Line 251: Line 298:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Staff College}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Staff College}}

Latest revision as of 14:26, 30 October 2024

Part of a series on
War
(outline)
History
Military
Battlespace
Weapons
Tactics
List of military tactics
Operational
Strategy
List of military strategies and concepts
Grand strategy
Administrative
Organization
Personnel
Logistics
Science
Law
Theory
Non-warfare
Culture
Related
Lists

Staff colleges (also command and staff colleges and War colleges) train military officers in the administrative, military staff and policy aspects of their profession. It is usual for such training to occur at several levels in a career. For example, an officer may be sent to various staff courses: as a captain they may be sent to a single service command and staff school to prepare for company command and equivalent staff posts; as a major to a single or joint service college to prepare for battalion command and equivalent staff posts; and as a colonel or brigadier to a higher staff college to prepare for brigade and division command and equivalent postings.

The success of staff colleges spawned, in the mid-twentieth century, a civilian imitation in what are called administrative staff colleges. These institutions apply some of the principles of the education of the military colleges to the executive development of managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy. The first and best-known administrative staff college was established in Britain at Greenlands near Henley, Oxfordshire and is now renamed Henley Management College.

History

[edit]

The first modern staff college was that of Prussia. Prussian advanced officer education began under the reign of Frederick the Great in 1710.

The Seven Years' War demonstrated the inadequacy of the education that generals had at that time, but it was not until 1801 that staff training in a modern sense began when Gerhard von Scharnhorst became the director of the Prussian Military Academy. Prussian defeats by Napoleon I led to the creation of the Allgemeine Kriegsschule (General War Academy) with a nine-month programme covering mathematics, tactics, strategy, staff work, weapons science, military geography, languages, physics, chemistry, and administration.[1] The German staff courses have been used as a basic templates for other staff courses around the world.[citation needed]

Staff course formats

[edit]

Nations have taken a wide variety of approaches to the form, curriculum and status of staff colleges, but have much in common with the Prussian courses of the early 19th Century.[citation needed] Some courses act as filters for promotion or entry into a specialist staff corps. The length of courses varies widely, from three months to three years, with some having entrance and/or exit examinations.[citation needed] The more senior the course, the more likely that it will include strategic, political and joint aspects, with junior courses often focusing on single service and tactical military aspects of warfare.[citation needed]

Idiom

[edit]

Certain terms of art or idiom have developed in staff colleges over time, and then been used in wider college or university settings and everyday usage, including:

  • staff refers to the professional personnel (usually called directing staff (DS)) and employees of the college;
  • fight the white, normally expressed as do not fight the white (as in do not go against the staff's pre-determined answer), where the 'white' is the question given to students, which may lack realism or not fit current operations. A "pink" is the Staff College's staff answer to a particular problem or issue. Pinks and whites referred to the color coding of course material where problems and information for use of students was printed on standard white sheets of papers while material intended for use by directing staff (which often contained suggested solutions/answers) was produced on pink sheets. This practice originates from staff colleges of British origins. The tradition survives across several Commonwealth staff colleges such as the Command and Staff College, Quetta.

Staff colleges

[edit]

The following is an incomplete list of staff colleges, by continent by country:

Africa

[edit]

Ghana

  • Ghana Armed Forces Command And Staff College Military Academy And Training Schools, Teshie, Accra

Kenya

  • Defense Staff College, Nairobi

Namibia

Nigeria

South Africa

Uganda

The Americas

[edit]

Argentina

[edit]

Brazil

[edit]
Army
[edit]
[edit]
  • Escola de Guerra Naval
Air Force
[edit]
  • Escola de Comando e Estado Maior da Aeronáutica
  • Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais da Aeronáutica

Canada

[edit]

United States

[edit]
Air Force
[edit]
Army
[edit]
[edit]
Marines
[edit]
Joint
[edit]

Asia

[edit]

Bangladesh

[edit]

China

[edit]

India

[edit]
Tri-Service
[edit]
Army
[edit]
[edit]
Air force
[edit]

Indonesia

[edit]

Japan

[edit]
Tri-Service
[edit]
JGSDF and IJA
[edit]
JMSDF and IJN
[edit]
JASDF
[edit]

Jordan

[edit]

Royal Jordanian Joint Command and Staff College

Kuwait

[edit]

Mubarak al-Abdullah Joint Command and Staff College

Lebanon

[edit]

Nepal

[edit]

Pakistan

[edit]

Philippines

[edit]

Saudi Arabia

[edit]
  • Saudi Armed Forces Command and Staff College

Singapore

[edit]

Sri Lanka

[edit]
Tri-Service
[edit]
Army
[edit]
[edit]
Air Force
[edit]

Taiwan (Republic of China)

[edit]

United Arab Emirates

[edit]
  • Armed Forces of the UAE Command and Staff College

Europe

[edit]

Finland

[edit]

France

[edit]
Active duty officers Reserve officers Civilians
2nd tier Centre des hautes études militaires Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale
1st tier École de guerre École supérieure des officiers de réserve spécialistes d'état-major None
  • École de guerre ("War School"). Created in 1993 by the fusion of the four Écoles supérieures de guerre ("War Higher Schools"). Formerly known as
  • Centre des hautes études militaires ("School of Advanced Military Studies"). Created in 1952. The students must have completed the École de guerre.
  • Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale ("School of Advanced Defense Studies"). Created in 1936. The students are civilians, both civil servants and high-profile executives, but the students of the Centre des hautes études militaires also attend the Institut..
  • École supérieure des officiers de réserve spécialistes d'état-major ("Reserve Staff Officers School"). Following the defeat of 1870-71 war, it was created in 1899 by a group of Reserve Officers and then officially became a staff college in 1900.

All these schools are seated in the école militaire in Paris.

Germany

[edit]

Italy

[edit]
  • Istituto di Studi Militari Marittimi, The Naval War College located within the Arsenale Marittimo in Venice.
  • Istituto di Scienze Militari Aeronautiche, The Aeronautics and Defence Science Institute located in Florence.

Portugal

[edit]

Sweden

Switzerland

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]

Oceania

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

The Australian Defence College (ADC) was officially opened in 1999 in Canberra. It is a Joint organisation, and comprises:

Prior to the establishment of the Australian Command and Staff College, middle management officer Command and Staff training was conducted at separate single Service staff colleges:

New Zealand

[edit]

Intercontinental

[edit]

NATO

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Martin Van Crefeld, The Training of Officers, from military professionalism to irrelevance. Free Press, 1990.
  2. ^ Argentina
  3. ^ The Naval War College Monterey is a satellite office of the United States Naval War College, College of Distance Education (CDE) located on campus at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. NPS itself is not a NWC school and is not a Staff College.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Staff_college&oldid=1254336196"