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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The ware is found in [[Late Helladic]] IIIB and IIIC levels (starting in the middle of the [[13th century BC]]), preceding the destruction of the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean citadels]]. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at [[Tiryns]] and at sites in [[Prehistory of Anatolia|Anatolia]], [[Ancient history of Cyprus|Cyprus]], and [[Ancient Syria|Syria]].{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later|Rautman|1998|2p=95}} |
The ware is found in [[Late Helladic]] IIIB and IIIC levels (starting in the middle of the [[13th century BC]]), preceding the destruction of the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean citadels]]. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at [[Tiryns]] and at sites in [[Prehistory of Anatolia|Anatolia]], [[Ancient history of Cyprus|Cyprus]], and [[Ancient Syria|Syria]].{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later|Rautman|1998|2p=95}} There are morphological and functional differences between the Handmade Burnished Ware found at different sites. In Epirus, most vessels are designed for consumption, while those found at the [[Menelaion]] in Laconia and at Tiryns are generally storage vessels; those found at Tiryns are often decorated, while those from other sites are not. On these grounds, Eleni Vasileiou has written that Handmade Burnished Ware should not be considered a uniform ceramic type.{{sfn|Vasileiou|2018|p=101}} |
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Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.{{sfn|Rautman|1998|pp=95–96}} Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative [[Dorian invasion|Dorian invaders]] but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the [[Bronze Age collapse]];{{sfn|Pilides|1991|pp=18}} later views still associate the ware with migratory groups in the eastern Mediterranean.{{sfn|Boileau et al.|2010|loc=Conclusion}} Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Romanos |first=Chloe Lea |year=2011 |title=Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers |publisher=University of Birmingham |degree=PhD |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/2963/ }}</ref> Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher-quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.{{sfnm|Rautman|1998|1p=96|Pilides|1991|2p=18}} |
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There are morphological and functional differences between the Handmade Burnished Ware found at different sites. In Epirus, most vessels are designed for consumption, while those found at the [[Menelaion]] in Laconia and at Tiryns are generally storage vessels; those found at Tiryns are often decorated, while those from other sites are not. On these grounds, Eleni Vasileiou has written that Handmade Burnished Ware should not be considered a uniform ceramic type.{{sfn|Vasileiou|2018|p=101}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Protogeometric pottery]] |
* [[Protogeometric pottery]] |
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* [[Bronze Age collapse]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
{{refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Cite journal |last=Boileau |first=Marie-Claude |display-authors=etal |title=Foreign ceramic tradition, local clays: the Handmade Burnished Ware of Tell Kazel (Syria) |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1678–1689 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.028 |issn=0305-4403 |ref={{harvid|Boileau et al.|2010}} }} |
* {{Cite journal |last=Boileau |first=Marie-Claude |display-authors=etal |title=Foreign ceramic tradition, local clays: the Handmade Burnished Ware of Tell Kazel (Syria) |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=2010 |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1678–1689 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.028 |issn=0305-4403 |ref={{harvid|Boileau et al.|2010}} }} |
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* {{cite thesis |last=Pilides |first=Despina |year=1991 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10116056/1/Pilides_thesis.pdf |publisher=University of London |type=PhD |title=Handmade Burnished Wares of the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus |volume=1 }} |
* {{cite thesis |last=Pilides |first=Despina |year=1991 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10116056/1/Pilides_thesis.pdf |publisher=University of London |type=PhD |title=Handmade Burnished Wares of the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus |volume=1 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Rautman |first=M |year=1998 |title=Handmade pottery and social change: the view from late Roman Cyprus |journal=Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology |volume=11 |pages=81–104 }} |
* {{cite journal |last=Rautman |first=M |year=1998 |title=Handmade pottery and social change: the view from late Roman Cyprus |journal=Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology |volume=11 |pages=81–104 |doi=10.1558/jmea.v11i1.81 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Vasileiou |first=Eleni |year=2018 |chapter=The Phenomenon of Handmade Burnished Ware: New data from Central Epirus, Greece |title=L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'antiquite VI |trans-title=Central Illyria and Epirus in Antiquity VI |volume=1 |editor-last1=Lamboley |editor-first1=Jean-Luc |editor-last2=Përzhita |editor-first2=Luan |editor-last3=Skenderaj |editor-first3=Altin |publisher=Diffusion de Boccard |place=Paris |isbn=978-9928-4517-1-2 |pages=101–104 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38325255 |
* {{cite book |last=Vasileiou |first=Eleni |year=2018 |chapter=The Phenomenon of Handmade Burnished Ware: New data from Central Epirus, Greece |title=L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'antiquite VI |trans-title=Central Illyria and Epirus in Antiquity VI |volume=1 |editor-last1=Lamboley |editor-first1=Jean-Luc |editor-last2=Përzhita |editor-first2=Luan |editor-last3=Skenderaj |editor-first3=Altin |publisher=Diffusion de Boccard |place=Paris |isbn=978-9928-4517-1-2 |pages=101–104 |url=https://www.academia.edu/38325255 |via=Academia.edu |url-access=registration}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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* {{cite journal |last1=De Angelis |first1=Sara |last2=D'Agata |first2=Anna Lucia |last3=Boileau |first3=Marie-Claude |title=Handmade Burnished Ware from the island of Crete: a view from the inside |journal=Istituto |
* {{cite journal |last1=De Angelis |first1=Sara |last2=D'Agata |first2=Anna Lucia |last3=Boileau |first3=Marie-Claude |title=Handmade Burnished Ware from the island of Crete: a view from the inside |journal=Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria |year=2012 |pages=295–330 }} |
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[[Category:13th century BC]] |
[[Category:13th century BC]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:28, 30 October 2024
Handmade Burnished Ware (also called Barbarian Ware[1]) is a style of pottery produced during the late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. Distinct from the styles of pottery surrounding it due to its coarse construction without the potter's wheel and uneven firing, a substantial number of hypotheses have been presented to explain its presence.[2]
Description
[edit]The ware is found in Late Helladic IIIB and IIIC levels (starting in the middle of the 13th century BC), preceding the destruction of the Mycenaean citadels. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at Tiryns and at sites in Anatolia, Cyprus, and Syria.[3] There are morphological and functional differences between the Handmade Burnished Ware found at different sites. In Epirus, most vessels are designed for consumption, while those found at the Menelaion in Laconia and at Tiryns are generally storage vessels; those found at Tiryns are often decorated, while those from other sites are not. On these grounds, Eleni Vasileiou has written that Handmade Burnished Ware should not be considered a uniform ceramic type.[4]
Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.[5] Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative Dorian invaders but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the Bronze Age collapse;[6] later views still associate the ware with migratory groups in the eastern Mediterranean.[7] Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.[8] Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher-quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Rautman 1998, p. 95.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, p. 1678; Rautman 1998, pp. 81, 95.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, p. 1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later; Rautman 1998, p. 95.
- ^ Vasileiou 2018, p. 101.
- ^ Rautman 1998, pp. 95–96.
- ^ Pilides 1991, pp. 18.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, Conclusion.
- ^ Romanos, Chloe Lea (2011). Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham.
- ^ Rautman 1998, p. 96; Pilides 1991, p. 18.
Bibliography
[edit]- Boileau, Marie-Claude; et al. (2010). "Foreign ceramic tradition, local clays: the Handmade Burnished Ware of Tell Kazel (Syria)". Journal of Archaeological Science. 37 (7): 1678–1689. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.028. ISSN 0305-4403.
- Pilides, Despina (1991). Handmade Burnished Wares of the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 1. University of London.
- Rautman, M (1998). "Handmade pottery and social change: the view from late Roman Cyprus". Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. 11: 81–104. doi:10.1558/jmea.v11i1.81.
- Vasileiou, Eleni (2018). "The Phenomenon of Handmade Burnished Ware: New data from Central Epirus, Greece". In Lamboley, Jean-Luc; Përzhita, Luan; Skenderaj, Altin (eds.). L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Épire dans l'antiquite VI [Central Illyria and Epirus in Antiquity VI]. Vol. 1. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard. pp. 101–104. ISBN 978-9928-4517-1-2 – via Academia.edu.
Further reading
[edit]- De Angelis, Sara; D'Agata, Anna Lucia; Boileau, Marie-Claude (2012). "Handmade Burnished Ware from the island of Crete: a view from the inside". Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria: 295–330.
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