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| successor =[[Said bin Taimur]]
| successor =[[Said bin Taimur]]
| spouse = 6 wives
| spouse = 6 wives
| issue = {{ubl|[[Said bin Taimur]]| Majid bin Taimur|[[Tariq bin Taimur]]|[[Fahr bin Taimur]]|Shabib bin Taimur|[[Buthaina bint Taimur]]}}
| issue = {{ubl|[[Said bin Taimur]]| Majid bin Taimur|[[Tariq bin Taimur]]|[[Fahr bin Taimur]]|Shabib bin Taimur|[[Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said|Buthania bint Taimur]]}}
| dynasty = [[Al Said]]
| dynasty = [[Al Said]]
| father =[[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman|Faisal bin Turki]]
| father =[[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman|Faisal bin Turki]]
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}}
}}


'''Sultan Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said''' ({{lang-ar|تيمور بن فيصل بن تركي}}; 1886 - 28 January 1965) was the [[Muscat and Oman|Sultan of Muscat and Oman]] from 5 October 1913 to 10 February 1932.
'''Sultan Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said''' ({{langx|ar|تيمور بن فيصل بن تركي}}; 1886 – 28 January 1965) was the [[Muscat and Oman|Sultan of Muscat and Oman]] from 5 October 1913 to 10 February 1932.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Taimur was born in 1886 to [[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman|Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Said]] and his first wife, Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini Al Said. His mother was the daughter of [[Thuwaini bin Said|Sultan Thuwaini bin Said Al Said]].<ref name="burke">{{cite book |editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd |editor1-first=Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East |date=1980 |isbn=0850110297 |page=105-107}}</ref> Al-Wasik Billah Al-Majid are sometimes included in his name{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}.
Taimur was born in 1886 to [[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman|Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Said]] and his first wife, Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini Al Said. His mother was the daughter of [[Thuwaini bin Said|Sultan Thuwaini bin Said Al Said]].<ref name="burke">{{cite book |editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd |editor1-first=Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East |date=1980 |isbn=0850110297 |page=105-107}}</ref>


==Marriages and children==
==Marriages and children==
Line 38: Line 38:


A Yemeni woman<ref name="burke"/>
A Yemeni woman<ref name="burke"/>
*Sayyid Majid bin Tiamur Al Said (born 1919)
*Sayyid Majid bin Taimur Al Said (born 1919)


Kamila Igray, a Circassian woman, married 1920 and divorced 1921<ref name="burke"/>
Kamile İlgiray, a Circassian woman, married 1920 and divorced 1921<ref name="burke"/>
* [[Tariq bin Taimur|Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said]] (born 30 June 1921)
* [[Tariq bin Taimur|Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said]] (born 30 June 1921)


A Dhofari woman<ref name="burke"/>
A Dhofari woman<ref name="burke"/>
*[[Fahr bin Taimur|Sayyid Fahr bin Taimr Al Said]] (born 1924)
*[[Fahr bin Taimur|Sayyid Fahr bin Taimur Al Said]] (born 1924)


Kiyoko Oyama, a Japanese woman, married 1936<ref name="burke"/>
Kiyoko Oyama, a Japanese woman, married 1936<ref name="burke"/>
*[[Buthaina bint Taimur|Sayyida Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said]] (born 10 October 1937)
*[[Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said|Sayyida Buthaina bint Taimur Al Said]] (born 10 October 1937)


A daughter of K.B. Sadik Hasan, married 1939 and divorced 1940<ref name="burke"/>
Nafisa Bundukji,<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the Arab World |date=2007 |publisher=Publitec Publications |isbn=978-3-598-07735-7 |pages=695 |edition=18th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHCQBAFMwawC}}</ref> a daughter of [[Khan Bahadur]] Sadik Hasan, married 1939 and divorced 1940<ref name="burke"/>
* Sayyid Shabib bin Taimur Al Said (born 1940)
* Sayyid Shabib bin Taimur Al Said (born 1940)


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He succeeded his father [[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman]] as sultan on 5 October 1913.<ref>[http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/oman-1912-present/ "Oman (1912–present)"], University of Central Arkansas Dynamic Analysis of Dispute Management (DADM) Project</ref>
He succeeded his father [[Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman]] as sultan on 5 October 1913.<ref>[http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/oman-1912-present/ "Oman (1912–present)"], University of Central Arkansas Dynamic Analysis of Dispute Management (DADM) Project</ref>


When he assumed [[suzerainty]] over the country, he inherited an external public debt and widespread rebellion among the tribes. Between 1915 and 1920, the sultan's forces were aided by [[United Kingdom|British]] financial and matériel support against the rebel tribes, ensuring adequate resistance but not total victory. An uneasy situation of no war, no peace, existed, with the sultan controlling Muscat and the coastal towns (the former [[Sultanate of Muscat]]) and the [[imam]] ruling the interior ([[Oman proper]]). This was tacitly codified in the [[Treaty of Seeb|Treaty of As Sib]] in 1920, brokered by the British political agent in Muscat. The treaty was between the sultan and the tribes, represented by [[Shaikh Isa ibn Salih al Harthi]], leader of the [[Al-Harthi]] tribe.
When he assumed [[suzerainty]] over the country, he inherited an external public debt and widespread rebellion among the tribes. Between 1915 and 1920, the sultan's forces were aided by [[United Kingdom|British]] financial and materiel support against the rebel tribes, ensuring adequate resistance but not total victory. An uneasy situation of no war, no peace, existed, with the sultan controlling Muscat and the coastal towns (the former [[Sultanate of Muscat]]) and the [[imam]] ruling the interior ([[Oman proper]]). This was tacitly codified in the [[Treaty of Seeb|Treaty of As Sib]] in 1920, brokered by the British political agent in Muscat. The treaty was between the sultan and the tribes, represented by [[Shaikh Isa ibn Salih al Harthi]], leader of the [[Al-Harthi]] tribe.


In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was a de facto partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when [[oil]] exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of [[British India]] with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants. When Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal abdicated for financial reasons in 1932, the twenty-two-year-old Said ibn Taimur inherited an administration that was in debt.
In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was a de facto partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when [[oil]] exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of [[British India]] with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants. When Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal abdicated for financial reasons in 1932, the twenty-two-year-old Said ibn Taimur inherited an administration that was in debt.
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Taimur's era was the period wherein [[Ibadism]], the predominant [[madhab]] of Oman had played a role in the country's social affairs. For instance, the government which led from [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] had exchanged letters with the ruling powers of the interior, which consisted of an Ibadi imamate. This Ibadi involvement in the stepping stone in Oman's history that occurred in 1920 was called the ''treaty of Sib''.<ref>Malcolm C. Peck: ''The A to Z of the Gulf Arab States'', 2010, p. 277.</ref>
Taimur's era was the period wherein [[Ibadism]], the predominant [[madhab]] of Oman had played a role in the country's social affairs. For instance, the government which led from [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] had exchanged letters with the ruling powers of the interior, which consisted of an Ibadi imamate. This Ibadi involvement in the stepping stone in Oman's history that occurred in 1920 was called the ''treaty of Sib''.<ref>Malcolm C. Peck: ''The A to Z of the Gulf Arab States'', 2010, p. 277.</ref>


==Titles, styles, and honors==
==Foreign honors==
===Titles and styles===
*1886 - 5 October 1913: His Highness Sayyid Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said
*5 October 1913 – 10 February 1932: His Majesty The Sultan of Muscat and Oman

===Foreign honors===
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
** [[File:ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg|70px]] Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]]
** [[File:ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg|70px]] Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]]
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[[Category:20th-century Omani people]]
[[Category:20th-century Omani people]]
[[Category:Al Said dynasty]]
[[Category:Al Said dynasty]]
[[Category:Honorary Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Honorary companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]

Latest revision as of 16:52, 30 October 2024

In this Arabic name, the surname is Al Said.
Taimur bin Faisal
  • تيمور بن فيصل بن تركي
Sultan of Oman
Reign5 October 1913 – 10 February 1932
PredecessorFaisal bin Turki
SuccessorSaid bin Taimur
Born1886 (1886)
Muscat, Oman
Died28 January 1965(1965-01-28) (aged 78–79)
Bombay, India
Spouse6 wives
Issue
Names
Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki bin Said Al Said
DynastyAl Said
FatherFaisal bin Turki
MotherAliyah bint Thuwaini
ReligionIbadi Islam

Sultan Taimur bin Faisal bin Turki Al Said (Arabic: تيمور بن فيصل بن تركي; 1886 – 28 January 1965) was the Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 5 October 1913 to 10 February 1932.

Early life

[edit]

Taimur was born in 1886 to Sultan Faisal bin Turki Al Said and his first wife, Sayyida Aliyah bint Thuwaini Al Said. His mother was the daughter of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said Al Said.[1]

Marriages and children

[edit]

Taimur was married six times and had six children.

Sayyida Fatima bint Ali bin Salim bin Thuwaini Al Said (4 May 1891-April 1967) married 1902[1]

A Yemeni woman[1]

  • Sayyid Majid bin Taimur Al Said (born 1919)

Kamile İlgiray, a Circassian woman, married 1920 and divorced 1921[1]

A Dhofari woman[1]

Kiyoko Oyama, a Japanese woman, married 1936[1]

Nafisa Bundukji,[2] a daughter of Khan Bahadur Sadik Hasan, married 1939 and divorced 1940[1]

  • Sayyid Shabib bin Taimur Al Said (born 1940)

He is the grandfather of Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said and Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said.

Sultan of Muscat and Oman

[edit]

He succeeded his father Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman as sultan on 5 October 1913.[3]

When he assumed suzerainty over the country, he inherited an external public debt and widespread rebellion among the tribes. Between 1915 and 1920, the sultan's forces were aided by British financial and materiel support against the rebel tribes, ensuring adequate resistance but not total victory. An uneasy situation of no war, no peace, existed, with the sultan controlling Muscat and the coastal towns (the former Sultanate of Muscat) and the imam ruling the interior (Oman proper). This was tacitly codified in the Treaty of As Sib in 1920, brokered by the British political agent in Muscat. The treaty was between the sultan and the tribes, represented by Shaikh Isa ibn Salih al Harthi, leader of the Al-Harthi tribe.

In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was a de facto partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when oil exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of British India with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants. When Sultan Taimur ibn Faisal abdicated for financial reasons in 1932, the twenty-two-year-old Said ibn Taimur inherited an administration that was in debt.

A United States Department of State bulletin on the sultan of Muscat and Oman in February 1938 describes the situation in which Sultan Said ibn Taimur found himself after assuming power: "The young Sultan found the country practically bankrupt and his troubles were further complicated by tribal unrest and conspiracy by certain of his uncles, one of whom immediately profited by the occasion to set up an independent regime. The Sultan tackled the situation with resolution and within a short time the traitorous uncle had been subdued, unrest quelled, and most important of all, state finances put on much more solid footing."

Abdication

[edit]

In 1932 he abdicated in favor of his eldest son Said bin Taimur and lived abroad, mostly in British India. In 1965, he died in Mumbai.[4]

Ibadism

[edit]

Taimur's era was the period wherein Ibadism, the predominant madhab of Oman had played a role in the country's social affairs. For instance, the government which led from Muscat had exchanged letters with the ruling powers of the interior, which consisted of an Ibadi imamate. This Ibadi involvement in the stepping stone in Oman's history that occurred in 1920 was called the treaty of Sib.[5]

Foreign honors

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1980). Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume II Africa & the Middle East. p. 105-107. ISBN 0850110297.
  2. ^ Who's Who in the Arab World (18th ed.). Publitec Publications. 2007. p. 695. ISBN 978-3-598-07735-7.
  3. ^ "Oman (1912–present)", University of Central Arkansas Dynamic Analysis of Dispute Management (DADM) Project
  4. ^ Peterson, John E.. Oman in the Twentieth Century. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1978.
  5. ^ Malcolm C. Peck: The A to Z of the Gulf Arab States, 2010, p. 277.
  6. ^ Ovguide Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sultan of Oman
1913–1932 		Succeeded by

Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division.

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