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{{Short description|Railway steamer passenger ship}}
The Duke of Lancaster is a railway steamer [[passenger ship]] in operation in Europe from 1956 to 1978, and currently beached in [[Mostyn]] docks, north-east [[Wales]].
{{About|the 1955 ship now beached in North Wales|other ships of the same name|Duke of Lancaster (ship)|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{coord|53|18|23.23|N|3|14|8.52|W|display=title}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=TSS ''Duke of Lancaster'' (1955)}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Duke of Lancaster beached, 2010.jpg
| Ship caption = TSS ''Duke of Lancaster'' beached near [[Mostyn]],<br />North Wales, 2010
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header =
| Ship name = ''Duke of Lancaster''
| Ship owner =*{{nowrap|1955–63: [[British Transport Commission]]}}
*{{nowrap|1963–79: [[Sealink]]}}
*{{nowrap|1979–{{smaller|present}}: Empirewise}}
| Ship operator =*{{nowrap|1955–63: British Transport Commission}}
*{{nowrap|1963–79: Sealink}}
| Ship registry ={{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Kingdom|civil}} [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], United Kingdom}}
| Ship route =*{{nowrap|1955–75: [[Heysham Port|Heysham]] – [[Belfast]]}}
*{{nowrap|1975–79: [[Port of Holyhead|Holyhead]] – [[Dún Laoghaire]]}}
| Ship ordered =
| Ship builder = [[Harland & Wolff]], [[Belfast]]
| Ship original cost =
| Ship yard number = 1540
| Ship way number =
| Ship laid down =
| Ship launched = 1 December 1955
| Ship completed =
| Ship christened =
| Ship acquired =
| Ship maiden voyage = 1956
| Ship in service = 1956–79
| Ship out of service = 1979
| Ship identification = {{IMO Number|5094496}}
| Ship fate =
| Ship status = Permanently beached at Llannerch-y-Mor Wharf
| Ship notes =
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header =
| Header caption =
| Ship type = Turbine steam ship
| Ship tonnage = {{GT|4,450}}
| Ship displacement =
| Ship length = {{convert|114.63|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|17.46|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = {{convert|4.54|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship depth =
| Ship decks =
| Ship deck clearance =
| Ship ramps =
| Ship ice class =
| Ship power = 2 x [[Parsons_Marine_Steam_Turbine_Company|Parmetrada]] [[Steam Turbine|steam turbines]]
| Ship propulsion =
| Ship speed = {{convert|21|kn}}
| Ship capacity = 1,200 passengers
| Ship crew =
| Ship notes =
}}
|}


[[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|TSS]] '''''Duke of Lancaster''''' is a former railway steamer [[passenger ship]] that operated in Europe from 1956 to 1979, and is beached at Llannerch-y-Mor Wharf near [[Mostyn]] Docks, on the [[River Dee, Wales|River Dee]], in north [[Wales]]. She replaced an earlier 3,600-ton [[RMS Duke of Lancaster (1927)|ship of the same name]] operated by the [[London Midland and Scottish Railway]] company between [[Heysham Port|Heysham]] and [[Belfast]].
The Duke and her two sisters, the [[Duke of Argyll (ship)|Duke of Argyll]] and [[Duke of Rothesay (ship)|Duke of Rothesay]], were amongst the final 'classic' passenger-only railway steamers. As such, whilst they represented the ultimate evolution of the type, they were also hampered by being fairly speedily outmoded. Built for the traditional overnight [[Heysham]]-[[Belfast]] service, the Dukes were considerably larger than the ships of the same names that they replaced. They could accommodate 600 first class and 1,200 second class passengers as well as fairly significant amounts of cargo in holds forward and aft. With a tight delivery time demanded, the preferred builders, Denny's of Dumbarton, were unable to guarantee delivery of all three ships, so the order was split between Denny's (who built only the Duke of Rothesay) and [[Harland & Wolff]] in Belfast.


As of 2021 she was owned by Antony Rowley and The Duke of Lancaster Appreciation Society.<ref>{{cite news |last1=John |first1=Lucy |last2=Hughes |first2=Janet |title=The cruise ship that became blank canvas for Bristol graffiti artists after being frozen in time |url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/cruise-ship-became-blank-canvas-6003538 |access-date=21 May 2024 |work=BristolLive |publisher=Bristol Post |date=3 October 2021}}</ref>
The Duke of Lancaster was the first to be delivered, in 1956, and was fitted out slightly differently to her sisters to enable her to operate [[cruise]]s, which she did until about 1966, travelling as far as Norway, Denmark, Holland and Spain although the Scottish islands were a more regular haunt. The Heysham-Belfast service was a two-vessel operation in practice (apart from the very peak season when some daylight and double nightly crossings were made), so the 'Lancaster' could be spared when her cruising itineraries dictated.


==In service==
This comfortable existence would last until the mid-1960s. By this stage, the car ferry revolution had taken hold and the final passenger-only steamships were somewhat outdated. [[British Railways]] as a whole appeared to have failed to anticipate the growth in demand for vehicle ferries, and without the time or funding to build an entire new fleet from scratch, set about converting several of the passenger ships to car ferries. The first of the Dukes to be affected was the Duke of Rothesay in 1967, when she had her main deck stripped out to make way for a car garage, accessed by doors on either side. She was transferred to the Fishguard-Rosslare crossing; with only two ships remaining at Heysham, the Duke of Lancaster's cruises ceased and she was devoted full-time to her ferry duties.
[[File:Dukeoflancastership.jpg|thumb|The ''Duke of Lancaster'' off [[Isle of Mull|Mull]], [[Scotland]]]]
Along with her sister ships the ''TSS Duke of Rothesay'' and the ''TSS Duke of Argyll'', she was amongst the last passenger-only steamers built for [[British Rail]]ways (at that time, also a ferry operator).<ref name="HHV Ferry: Duke of Lancaster">{{citation|url=http://www.hhvferry.com/dukeoflanc.html|title=Duke of Lancaster|publisher=hhvferry.com|access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref> She was a replacement for the 1928 steamer, {{RMS|Duke of Lancaster|1927|2}}, built by the [[London Midland and Scottish Railway]].


Built at [[Harland & Wolff]], [[Belfast]], launched on 1 December 1955 and completed in 1956, she was designed to operate as both a passenger ferry (primarily on the [[Heysham Port|Heysham]] to [[Belfast]] route) and as a cruise ship.<ref>New Ship for Heysham-Belfast Service ''[[Railway Gazette International|Railway Gazette]]'' 9 December 1955 page 689</ref><ref>Inaugural Voyage of TSS Duke of Lancaster ''Railway Gazette'' 19 October 1956 page 448</ref> In this capacity, the ''Duke of Lancaster'' travelled to the [[Scottish islands]] and further afield to [[Belgium]], [[Denmark]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]] and [[Spain]].<ref name="HHV Ferry: Duke of Lancaster" /><ref name="Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster">{{citation|url=http://www.sealink-holyhead.com/ships/Dukes/lancaster.htm|title=Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster|publisher=sealinkholyhead.com|access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref>
The Heysham route eventually succumbed to the car ferry era in 1970. After a period in which it seemed very possible the crossing might be shut altogether, the 'Lancaster' and the 'Argyll' were returned to their builders to have car decks installed onto their main decks. This conversion was rather more substantial than that carried out on the ships' sister as here the garage was to be accessed via a stern door and space for two coaches was made along the centreline at the stern in a small area with the required headroom. At the same time the sisters became one-class. The Duke of Lancaster was the first to be converted, entering the shipyard in early January 1970, returning on 25 April.


From the mid-1960s, passenger ships such as ''Duke of Lancaster'' were gradually being superseded by [[Roll-on/roll-off|car ferries]].<ref name="HHV Ferry: Duke of Lancaster" /> Rather than undertake the expensive option of renewing their entire fleet, British Railways instead began a part-programme of conversion. In order to maintain ferry services whilst these modifications took place, ''Duke of Lancaster'''s duties as a cruise ship ceased.<ref name="Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster" /><ref>News ''Railway Gazette'' 19 September 1969 page 683</ref> On 25 April 1970 the ship returned to service, having had her main deck rebuilt to accommodate vehicles via a rear door at her [[stern]]. The ship now provided space for 1,200 single-class passengers and 105 cars, with a total cabin accommodation for 400 passengers.<ref name="Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster" />
== End of life ==
Unfortunately, the car ferry operation did not produce the hoped-for revival for the Heysham-Belfast route and in July 1974 it was announced that the passenger and vehicle service would cease that October; this was later put back to April 1975 after which the Dukes were dispatched to Barrow for lay-up. The 'Lancaster' made her way south in early July 1975 to maintain the Fishguard-Rosslare crossing prior to the arrival of the converted Avalon. This lasted for about a fortnight after which the ship went to Holyhead to provide summer support on the Dun Laoghaire run. She remained employed as back-up on this route, latterly to the new St Columba, until being finally retired in late 1978 and again sent to Barrow for lay-up. She was subsequently sold to a company called Empirewise of Liverpool who intended her to be used as a static ship at Llanerch-y-Mor, not far from the port of Mostyn in North Wales. The 'Lancaster' arrived at her new home on 10 August 1979 and has remained there ever since, beached (actually 'concreted in') off the River Dee and in an increasingly derelict state. Her intended use as a static leisure centre and market was relatively short-lived - she was known as 'The Fun Ship' and it was possible to visit the engine room and bridge as well as the market. Plans for a 300-room hotel never appear to have got further than the preliminary planning stage however, and it was not long before the ship closed for business. The ship is now used as a warehouse for a clothing company in Liverpool called Solitaire .[[http://solitaireliverpool.com/index.php?action=showContent&contentId=2]].


The three ships continued on the Heysham to Belfast route until the service was withdrawn on 5 April 1975.<ref name="Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster" /> ''Duke of Lancaster'' was then briefly employed on the [[Goodwick#Fishguard Harbour|Fishguard]] to [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]] crossing, before becoming the regular relief vessel on the [[Port of Holyhead|Holyhead]] to [[Dún Laoghaire]] service until November 1978.<ref name="Sealink Holyhead: The Duke of Lancaster" /> The ship was then laid up at [[Barrow-in-Furness]].<ref name="HHV Ferry: Duke of Lancaster" />
There are rumors of the ship being scrapped later on in 2007 but nothing has been confirmed.


==Fun Ship==
<!-- Reads as if it was written to promote the point of view of the supporters or developers of the project against the Council. -->
''Duke of Lancaster'' arrived in Llanerch-y-Mor, North Wales from Barrow-in-Furness, in August 1979 to start her new life as a business venture and retail complex as "the Fun Ship" to circumvent the-then sunday trading laws as it did not apply to ships, the owner John Rowley saw this legal loophole.<ref>The Duke Of Lancaster: Trapped In A Pirate Republic? by John Rowley (Author)</ref> However, there were frequent legal battles with the local councils and the owners closed the business in 2004. As a result of this the owners "walked away". Subsequent owners have faced similar issues.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/explorers-huge-abandoned-ship-welsh-11403118 |title=Explorers got into this huge abandoned ship on the Welsh coastline – what they found inside blew them away |date=1 June 2016 |work=Wales Online |first=Steffan |last=Rhys}}</ref>


The dock built around the ship with aggregates was filled with sand to prevent drifting after the towyn storm in the 1980s as well as a [[Concrete ship|F.B. 18 – FCB]] ferroconcrete barge in place.<ref>{{cite web |title=Concrete Barge Spotter's Holiday ! |url=https://thecretefleet.com/f/concrete-barge-spotters-holiday?blogcategory=Events |website=The Concrete Fleet |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2024}} The 1941 dated barge 'Rea 3' (No. 182422) was towed from Liverpool on 19th August 1981 as water source for possible fire emergencies for the ship.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Concrete Barges by the 'Duke of Lancaster' - Llanerch-y-Mor |url=https://thecretefleet.com/concrete-ship-blog/f/the-concrete-barges-by-the-duke-of-lancaster---llanerch-y-mor?blogcategory=UK+-+World+War+II |website=The Concrete Fleet |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2024}}
== Links ==


Another concrete barge 'Elmarine' the first of her type heralded as "the lightest sea-going concrete boat in the world" launched on the 4th January 1919 was previously positioned in the dock as a [[groyne]], however over decades was filled in and is used as a breakwater.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/sites/askalocal/pages/gen11.shtml


In early 2012 several local arcade game collectors made a deal with Solitaire Liverpool Ltd and were able to purchase most of the coin-operated machines left behind inside the ship at the time the Fun Ship closed. Removing the games required the use of cranes and other heavy lifting equipment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explorers got into this huge abandoned ship on the Welsh coastline - what they found inside blew them away|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/explorers-huge-abandoned-ship-welsh-11403118|website=Wales On-line|date=June 2016|access-date=25 March 2017}}</ref>
http://www.sealink-holyhead.com/ships/Dukes/noble_dukes.htm


==Art gallery==
http://www.hhvferry.com/dukeoflanc.html
[[File:TSS Duke of Lancaster (21482975682).jpg|thumb|The ship in 2015]]
The plan was to transform the ship into the largest open air art gallery in the UK. As of August 2012, the Latvian graffiti artist "[[KIWIE]]" was commissioned to spraypaint a design on the ship.<ref>[http://www.tvnet.lv/izklaide/makslas/433272-grafiti_makslinieks_kiwie_apkraso_vecu_kruiza_laineri Grafiti mākslinieks «Kiwie» apkrāso kruīza laineri], tvnet.lv</ref> The ship was covered with graffiti described as "bright and surreal".<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-north-east-wales-20328172 BBC News: ''Duke of Lancaster: Street art murals on beached ship''] accessed 9 December 2012</ref> The first phase of the project saw Kiwie and other European graffiti artists paint murals on the ship between August and November 2012, and the second phase (starting at the end of March 2013) included the work of British-based artists such as Snub23, Spacehop, Dan Kitchener and Dale Grimshaw.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22043199 | title = In pictures: Duke of Lancaster art project grows | date = 2013-04-08 | publisher = BBC News | location = United Kingdom | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130410013856/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22043199 | archive-date = 10 April 2013 | url-status = live | access-date = 2013-04-09 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> One of the artworks is a picture of the ship's first captain, John 'Jack' Irwin. However in 2017 both sides of the ship were painted black.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Crump|first1=Eryl|title=The Duke of Lancaster gets mystery black paint job|url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/duke-lancaster-gets-mystery-black-12895861|access-date=25 March 2018|work=Daily Post}}</ref>


In 2021 some work was being done on the interior of the ship and deck areas refurbished for anticipated use as a dockside attraction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=John |first1=Lucy |title=The huge cruise ship that's coming to life again after being docked on the Welsh coast for 40 years |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/duke-of-lancaster-cruise-ship-21720999 |access-date=20 May 2024 |publisher=Walesonline.co.uk |date=2 October 2021 |location=Cardiff, United Kingdom}}</ref> In 2022 the ship was used as a 1957-era film set for an ITV series. However the restoration project encountered difficulties and stalled. As of early 2024 the future of the ship was uncertain. Due to illegal dumping activity near the ship, a local proposal would place vehicle barriers at the ship's access road. Without emergency vehicle access the ship could not be open to the public.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=R. |title=Troubled Waters for Beached Ship |url=https://www.motoryachting.com/articles/duke-of-lancaster-beached-ship |website=MotorYachting.com |publisher=Super Yachting Limited |access-date=21 May 2024 |date=11 March 2024}}</ref>
http://www.flickr.com/photos/welshdan/sets/1317192/


==In popular culture==
http://gallery116701.fotopic.net/c345912.html
* The ship was featured in the 2011 series of [[BBC Two]]'s ''[[Coast (TV series)|Coast]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Duke of Lancaster (Registration number 2318) |url=https://www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk/register/2318/duke-lancaster |website=National Historic Ships UK |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref>


==See also==
* [[TSS Duke of Rothesay]]
* [[TSS Duke of Argyll (1956)]], longest serving and most modified ship of its type

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|IMO 5094496}}
{{commonscat|Duke of Lancaster (ship, 1956)}}
* [https://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=mostyn&hl=en&ll=53.306445,-3.235382&spn=0.001766,0.005284&sll=53.302569,-3.573132&sspn=0.050779,0.16634&t=h&hnear=Mostyn,+Flintshire,+United+Kingdom&z=18 GoogleMap location ]
* {{YouTube|jifgToN-Qfk|"Mission Onboard the Abandoned Duke of Lancaster", Urbandoned}} - Urban exploration of vessel circa 2024
* [https://www.facebook.com/people/TSS-Duke-of-Lancaster/100068823110288/ TSS Duke of Lancaster - official Facebook page]
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/dukeoflancaster.a.s/ TSS Duke of Lancaster Appreciation Society - official Facebook page]

{{National Historic Ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duke of Lancaster (1955)}}
[[Category:Landlocked ships]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ferries of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1955 ships]]
[[Category:Ferries of Wales]]
[[Category:Ships built in Belfast]]
[[Category:Ships of British Rail]]
[[Category:Ships built by Harland and Wolff]]
[[Category:Ships and vessels on the National Register of Historic Vessels]]

Latest revision as of 18:17, 30 October 2024

This article is about the 1955 ship now beached in North Wales. For other ships of the same name, see Duke of Lancaster (ship).

53°18′23.23″N 3°14′8.52″W / 53.3064528°N 3.2357000°W / 53.3064528; -3.2357000

TSS Duke of Lancaster beached near Mostyn,
North Wales, 2010
History
NameDuke of Lancaster
Owner
Operator
  • 1955–63: British Transport Commission
  • 1963–79: Sealink
Port of registryUnited Kingdom Lancaster, United Kingdom
Route
BuilderHarland & Wolff, Belfast
Yard number1540
Launched1 December 1955
Maiden voyage1956
In service1956–79
Out of service1979
IdentificationIMO number: 5094496
StatusPermanently beached at Llannerch-y-Mor Wharf
General characteristics
TypeTurbine steam ship
Tonnage4,450 GT
Length114.63 m (376 ft 1 in)
Beam17.46 m (57 ft 3 in)
Draught4.54 m (14 ft 11 in)
Installed power2 x Parmetrada steam turbines
Speed21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)
Capacity1,200 passengers

TSS Duke of Lancaster is a former railway steamer passenger ship that operated in Europe from 1956 to 1979, and is beached at Llannerch-y-Mor Wharf near Mostyn Docks, on the River Dee, in north Wales. She replaced an earlier 3,600-ton ship of the same name operated by the London Midland and Scottish Railway company between Heysham and Belfast.

As of 2021 she was owned by Antony Rowley and The Duke of Lancaster Appreciation Society.[1]

In service

[edit]
The Duke of Lancaster off Mull, Scotland

Along with her sister ships the TSS Duke of Rothesay and the TSS Duke of Argyll, she was amongst the last passenger-only steamers built for British Railways (at that time, also a ferry operator).[2] She was a replacement for the 1928 steamer, Duke of Lancaster, built by the London Midland and Scottish Railway.

Built at Harland & Wolff, Belfast, launched on 1 December 1955 and completed in 1956, she was designed to operate as both a passenger ferry (primarily on the Heysham to Belfast route) and as a cruise ship.[3][4] In this capacity, the Duke of Lancaster travelled to the Scottish islands and further afield to Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway and Spain.[2][5]

From the mid-1960s, passenger ships such as Duke of Lancaster were gradually being superseded by car ferries.[2] Rather than undertake the expensive option of renewing their entire fleet, British Railways instead began a part-programme of conversion. In order to maintain ferry services whilst these modifications took place, Duke of Lancaster's duties as a cruise ship ceased.[5][6] On 25 April 1970 the ship returned to service, having had her main deck rebuilt to accommodate vehicles via a rear door at her stern. The ship now provided space for 1,200 single-class passengers and 105 cars, with a total cabin accommodation for 400 passengers.[5]

The three ships continued on the Heysham to Belfast route until the service was withdrawn on 5 April 1975.[5] Duke of Lancaster was then briefly employed on the Fishguard to Rosslare crossing, before becoming the regular relief vessel on the Holyhead to Dún Laoghaire service until November 1978.[5] The ship was then laid up at Barrow-in-Furness.[2]

Fun Ship

[edit]

Duke of Lancaster arrived in Llanerch-y-Mor, North Wales from Barrow-in-Furness, in August 1979 to start her new life as a business venture and retail complex as "the Fun Ship" to circumvent the-then sunday trading laws as it did not apply to ships, the owner John Rowley saw this legal loophole.[7] However, there were frequent legal battles with the local councils and the owners closed the business in 2004. As a result of this the owners "walked away". Subsequent owners have faced similar issues.[8]

The dock built around the ship with aggregates was filled with sand to prevent drifting after the towyn storm in the 1980s as well as a F.B. 18 – FCB ferroconcrete barge in place.[9][better source needed] The 1941 dated barge 'Rea 3' (No. 182422) was towed from Liverpool on 19th August 1981 as water source for possible fire emergencies for the ship.[10][better source needed]

Another concrete barge 'Elmarine' the first of her type heralded as "the lightest sea-going concrete boat in the world" launched on the 4th January 1919 was previously positioned in the dock as a groyne, however over decades was filled in and is used as a breakwater.

In early 2012 several local arcade game collectors made a deal with Solitaire Liverpool Ltd and were able to purchase most of the coin-operated machines left behind inside the ship at the time the Fun Ship closed. Removing the games required the use of cranes and other heavy lifting equipment.[11]

[edit]
The ship in 2015

The plan was to transform the ship into the largest open air art gallery in the UK. As of August 2012, the Latvian graffiti artist "KIWIE" was commissioned to spraypaint a design on the ship.[12] The ship was covered with graffiti described as "bright and surreal".[13] The first phase of the project saw Kiwie and other European graffiti artists paint murals on the ship between August and November 2012, and the second phase (starting at the end of March 2013) included the work of British-based artists such as Snub23, Spacehop, Dan Kitchener and Dale Grimshaw.[14] One of the artworks is a picture of the ship's first captain, John 'Jack' Irwin. However in 2017 both sides of the ship were painted black.[15]

In 2021 some work was being done on the interior of the ship and deck areas refurbished for anticipated use as a dockside attraction.[16] In 2022 the ship was used as a 1957-era film set for an ITV series. However the restoration project encountered difficulties and stalled. As of early 2024 the future of the ship was uncertain. Due to illegal dumping activity near the ship, a local proposal would place vehicle barriers at the ship's access road. Without emergency vehicle access the ship could not be open to the public.[17]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ John, Lucy; Hughes, Janet (3 October 2021). "The cruise ship that became blank canvas for Bristol graffiti artists after being frozen in time". BristolLive. Bristol Post. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Duke of Lancaster, hhvferry.com, retrieved 12 December 2007
  3. ^ New Ship for Heysham-Belfast Service Railway Gazette 9 December 1955 page 689
  4. ^ Inaugural Voyage of TSS Duke of Lancaster Railway Gazette 19 October 1956 page 448
  5. ^ News Railway Gazette 19 September 1969 page 683
  6. ^ The Duke Of Lancaster: Trapped In A Pirate Republic? by John Rowley (Author)
  7. ^ Rhys, Steffan (1 June 2016). "Explorers got into this huge abandoned ship on the Welsh coastline – what they found inside blew them away". Wales Online.
  8. ^ "Concrete Barge Spotter's Holiday !". The Concrete Fleet. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  9. ^ "The Concrete Barges by the 'Duke of Lancaster' - Llanerch-y-Mor". The Concrete Fleet. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Explorers got into this huge abandoned ship on the Welsh coastline - what they found inside blew them away". Wales On-line. June 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  11. ^ Grafiti mākslinieks «Kiwie» apkrāso kruīza laineri, tvnet.lv
  12. ^ BBC News: Duke of Lancaster: Street art murals on beached ship accessed 9 December 2012
  13. ^ "In pictures: Duke of Lancaster art project grows". United Kingdom: BBC News. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  14. ^ Crump, Eryl. "The Duke of Lancaster gets mystery black paint job". Daily Post. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  15. ^ John, Lucy (2 October 2021). "The huge cruise ship that's coming to life again after being docked on the Welsh coast for 40 years". Cardiff, United Kingdom: Walesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  16. ^ Young, R. (11 March 2024). "Troubled Waters for Beached Ship". MotorYachting.com. Super Yachting Limited. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  17. ^ "The Duke of Lancaster (Registration number 2318)". National Historic Ships UK. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to IMO 5094496.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duke of Lancaster (ship, 1956).
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