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Ziyarat Ashura (Arabic: زیارة عاشوراء) is an Islamic salutatory prayer to God. The prayer is part of the liturgy used in pilgrimages to the shrine of Husayn in Karbala. Muhammad al-Baqir, Prophet's descendant and the fifth Shia Imam, recommended reciting Ziyarat Ashura on Ashura while facing Karbala, as a symbolic visit to the shrine.^[1]

Etymology

In Islam, a ziyārah (Arabic: زیارة) is a visit to the tomb of a saint or other holy person, such as the Islamic prophet Muhammad or Imam Husayn.^[2]

‘Āshūrā’ (Arabic: عاشوراء), literally "tenth", is a holiday and a day of grief for the Muslims, falling on 10 Muharram of the Islamic calendar. The Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali and his family members and his associate (72 Martyrs) during the Battle of Karbala is commemorated on this day.^[3]^[4]

Sources

Ziyarat Ashura is attributed to Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.^[3] The prayer is found in sacred hadith narrated in particular by Shaykh Tusi in Misbah al-Mutahajjid and by Ibn Qulawayh in Kamil al-Ziyarat:^[5] The prayer is also referenced in Bihar al-Anwar by Allamah al-Majlisi and Mafatih al-Jinan by Abbas Qumi.^[3]

Dua Alqamah

Dua Alqamah (Persian: دعای علقمه ) is the title of the supplication recited after Ziyarat Ashura by Shia Muslims. It is attributed to Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.^[8] Alqamah is referred to one of companion of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of the Shia, named Alqamah. According to the tradition in Mafatih al-Janan (Keys to the Heavens), Abbas Qumi believed this supplication is in honor of one companion of Ja'far al-Sadiq, named Safwan. So, the original name of the supplication is Safwan.^[9] According to the Mafatih al-Janan, Abbas Qumi narrated the Alqamah prayer from Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth Imam of Shia, on day of Ashura by the authority of Alqamah ibn Mohammad ibn Hazrami through a chain of transmission.^[10]

References

^ Flaskerud, Ingvild (2010). Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4411-4907-7.
^ "Ziyārah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ziyarat and Prayers. Sohale Sizar. p. 36. GGKEY:0T3B3DGQCGJ.
^ Shaykh Adil Al-Haqqani; Shaykh Hisham Kabbani (July 2002). The Path to Spiritual Excellence. ISCA. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-930409-18-7.
^ Khalfan, Muhammad (15 February 2013). The Sacred Effusion. The World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities.
^ Azizi Tehrani; Ali Asghar (21 November 2021). The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali. Translated by Saleem Bhimji.
^ "Source of Ziyarat of Ashura". hawzah.net. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
^ Islamic Prayers. Sohale Sizar. p. 199. GGKEY:16QJUDZKQLD.
^ Azizi Tehrani, Ali Asghar. The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali. Translated by Bhimji, Saleem. Archived from the original on 2018-09-19. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
^ Qomi, Abbas (2009). Mafatih Al-Jinan (Keys to the Garden of Paradise). Ansariyan Publications. ISBN 978-9642190874.

External links

[1] Flaskerud, Ingvild (2010). Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4411-4907-7.

[britannica-2] "Ziyārah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 November 2015.

[ashura-3] Ziyarat and Prayers. Sohale Sizar. p. 36. GGKEY:0T3B3DGQCGJ.

[Al-HaqqaniKabbani2002-4] Shaykh Adil Al-Haqqani; Shaykh Hisham Kabbani (July 2002). The Path to Spiritual Excellence. ISCA. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-930409-18-7.

[5] Khalfan, Muhammad (15 February 2013). The Sacred Effusion. The World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities.

[6] Azizi Tehrani; Ali Asghar (21 November 2021). The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali. Translated by Saleem Bhimji.

[7] "Source of Ziyarat of Ashura". hawzah.net. Retrieved 15 November 2015.

[8] Islamic Prayers. Sohale Sizar. p. 199. GGKEY:16QJUDZKQLD.

[9] Azizi Tehrani, Ali Asghar. The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali. Translated by Bhimji, Saleem. Archived from the original on 2018-09-19. Retrieved 2015-11-29.

[10] Qomi, Abbas (2009). Mafatih Al-Jinan (Keys to the Garden of Paradise). Ansariyan Publications. ISBN 978-9642190874.

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+{{Short description|Islamic salutatory prayer to God}}
-{{italictitle}}
+{{italic title}}
 {{Shia Islam}}
 {{Husayn}}
-'''''Ziyarat Ashura''''' ({{lang-fa|زیارت عاشورا}}) is a [[Shia]] salutatory prayer to [[Husayn ibn Ali]] and the martyrs of the [[Battle of Karbala]]. The prayer is part of the liturgy used in [[ziyarat|pilgrimages]] to the [[Imam Husayn Shrine|shrine of Husayn]] in [[Karbala]]. [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth Shia [[The Twelve Imams|Imam]], recommended reciting ''Ziyarat Ashura'' on [[Day of Ashura|Ashura]] while facing Karbala, as a symbolic visit to the shrine.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ingvild |last=Flaskerud |title=Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH1pvM0AdNIC&pg=PA205 |year=2010 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |page=205 |isbn=978-1-4411-4907-7}}</ref>
+'''''Ziyarat Ashura''''' ({{langx|ar|زیارة عاشوراء}}) is an [[Islam]]ic [[Dua|salutatory prayer]] to God. The prayer is part of the liturgy used in [[ziyarat|pilgrimages]] to the [[Imam Husayn Shrine|shrine of Husayn]] in [[Karbala]]. [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], Prophet's descendant and the fifth Shia [[The Twelve Imams|Imam]], recommended reciting ''Ziyarat Ashura'' on [[Day of Ashura|Ashura]] while facing Karbala, as a symbolic visit to the shrine.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ingvild |last=Flaskerud |title=Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH1pvM0AdNIC&pg=PA205 |year=2010 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |page=205 |isbn=978-1-4411-4907-7}}</ref>
 ==Etymology==
-In Islam, a ''[[ziyarat|ziyārah]]'' ({{lang-ar|زیارة}}) is a visit to the tomb of a saint or other holy person, such as [[Muhammad]] or [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]].<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|title=Ziyārah|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/ziyarah|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref>
+In Islam, a ''[[ziyarat|ziyārah]]'' ({{langx|ar|زیارة}}) is a visit to the tomb of a saint or other holy person, such as the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] or [[Husayn ibn Ali|Imam Husayn]].<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|title=Ziyārah|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/ziyarah|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>
-''[[Day of Ashura|‘Āshūrā’]]'' ({{lang-ar|عاشوراء}}), literally "tenth", is a holiday and a day of grief for the Shia Muslims , falling on 10 Muharram of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The death of [[Husayn ibn Ali]] and his associates during the [[Battle of Karbala]] is commemorated on this day.<ref name="ashura"/><ref name="Al-HaqqaniKabbani2002">{{cite book|author1=Shaykh Adil Al-Haqqani |author2=Shaykh Hisham Kabbani |title=The Path to Spiritual Excellence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzpV0QnOVxsC&pg=PA45 |date=July 2002 |publisher=ISCA |isbn=978-1-930409-18-7 |page=45}}</ref>
+''[[Day of Ashura|‘Āshūrā’]]'' ({{langx|ar|عاشوراء}}), literally "tenth", is a holiday and a day of grief for the Muslims, falling on 10 Muharram of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The Martyrdom of [[Husayn ibn Ali]] and his family members and his associate (72 Martyrs) during the [[Battle of Karbala]] is commemorated on this day.<ref name="ashura"/><ref name="Al-HaqqaniKabbani2002">{{cite book|author1=Shaykh Adil Al-Haqqani |author2=Shaykh Hisham Kabbani |title=The Path to Spiritual Excellence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzpV0QnOVxsC&pg=PA45 |date=July 2002 |publisher=ISCA |isbn=978-1-930409-18-7 |page=45}}</ref>
 ==Sources==
 [[File:First page of Ziyarat Ashura.png|thumbnail|left|First page of Ziyarat Ashura]]
-''Ziyarat Ashura'' is attributed to [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.<ref name="ashura">{{cite book|title=Ziyarat and Prayers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kask_gldR4oC&pg=PA36 |publisher=Sohale Sizar |pages=36 |id=GGKEY:0T3B3DGQCGJ}}</ref> The prayer is found in [[Hadith#Terminology: admissible and inadmissible hadiths|sacred hadith]] narrated in particular by [[Shaykh Tusi]] in ''Misbah al-Mutahajjid'' and by Ibn Qulawayh in ''Kamil al-Ziyarat'':<ref>{{cite book|last=Khalfan |first=Muhammad |title=The Sacred Effusion |publisher=The World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities |url=http://www.al-islam.org/the-sacred-effusion-reflections-on-ziyarat-ashura-volume-1-shaykh-muhammad-khalfan/source-ziyarat-}}</ref> The prayer is also found in ''[[Bihar al-Anwar]]'' by [[Allamah al-Majlisi]] and ''[[Mafatih al-Jinan]]'' by [[Abbas Qumi]].<ref name="ashura" />
+''Ziyarat Ashura'' is attributed to [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.<ref name="ashura">{{cite book|title=Ziyarat and Prayers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kask_gldR4oC&pg=PA36 |publisher=Sohale Sizar |pages=36 |id=GGKEY:0T3B3DGQCGJ}}</ref> The prayer is found in [[Hadith#Terminology: admissible and inadmissible hadiths|sacred hadith]] narrated in particular by [[Shaykh Tusi]] in ''Misbah al-Mutahajjid'' and by Ibn Qulawayh in ''Kamil al-Ziyarat'':<ref>{{cite book|last=Khalfan |first=Muhammad |title=The Sacred Effusion |date=15 February 2013 |publisher=The World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities |url=http://www.al-islam.org/the-sacred-effusion-reflections-on-ziyarat-ashura-volume-1-shaykh-muhammad-khalfan/source-ziyarat-}}</ref> The prayer is also referenced in ''[[Bihar al-Anwar]]'' by [[Allamah al-Majlisi]] and ''[[Mafatih al-Jinan]]'' by [[Abbas Qumi]].<ref name="ashura" />
 ==Contents==
-''Ziyarat Ashura'' contains concepts like ''[[tabarra]]'' (dissociating from those who oppose God, the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] or his family), ''[[tawalla]]'' (loving the [[Ahl al-Bayt]]), self-sacrifice for society, and never surrendering to tyranny and oppression.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.al-islam.org/torch-perpetual-guidance-expose-ziyarat-ashura-ali-asghar-azizi-tehrani/ziyarat-imam-husayn#why-ziyarat-%E2%80%98ashura |title=The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali |author1=Azizi Tehrani |author2=Ali Asghar |translator=Saleem Bhimji}}</ref>
+''Ziyarat Ashura'' contains concepts like ''[[tabarra]]'' (dissociating from those who oppose God, oppose [[Muhammad]] or oppose his family), ''[[tawalla]]'' (loving the [[Ahl al-Bayt]]), self-sacrifice for society, and never surrendering to tyranny and oppression.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.al-islam.org/torch-perpetual-guidance-expose-ziyarat-ashura-ali-asghar-azizi-tehrani/ziyarat-imam-husayn#why-ziyarat-%E2%80%98ashura |title=The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali |author1=Azizi Tehrani |author2=Ali Asghar |date=21 November 2021 |translator=Saleem Bhimji}}</ref>
 ==Further reading==
-The following commentaries are available:<ref name="ashura" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Source of  Ziyarat of Ashura |url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/4180/6178/65389/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B0-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7 |website=hawzah.net |accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref>
+The following commentaries are available:<ref name="ashura" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Source of Ziyarat of Ashura |url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/4180/6178/65389/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B0-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7 |website=hawzah.net |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>
-*''Jannat al-Sarur fi Kayfiyat Tahqiq Ziyarat al-Ashura'' ({{lang|ar|جنّة السرور فی تحقیق کیفیة زیارة العاشورا}}) by Sheikh Ali Esterabadi Tehrani {{ar icon}}
+*''Jannat al-Sarur fi Kayfiyat Tahqiq Ziyarat al-Ashura'' ({{lang|ar|جنّة السرور فی تحقیق کیفیة زیارة العاشورا}}) by Sheikh Ali Esterabadi Tehrani {{in lang|ar}}
-*''Tadhkirat al-Za'arin'' ({{lang|ar|تذکرة الزائرین}}) by Sayyed Abu Hassan bin Mohammad Tabatabai Saravi {{ar icon}}
+*''Tadhkirat al-Za'arin'' ({{lang|ar|تذکرة الزائرین}}) by Sayyed Abu Hassan bin Mohammad Tabatabai Saravi {{in lang|ar}}
-*The ''Shifa al-Sudur'' by Mirza Abul Fazl Tehrani {{fa icon}}
+*The ''Shifa al-Sudur'' by Mirza Abul Fazl Tehrani {{in lang|fa}}
-*Manuscripts of commentary on Ziyarat of Ashura by [[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]] {{fa icon}}
+*Manuscripts of commentary on Ziyarat of Ashura by [[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]] {{in lang|fa}}
 == Dua Alqamah ==
-Dua Alqamah ([[Persian language|Persian]]:دعای علقمه ) is the title of the supplication recited after Ziyarat Ashura by Shia Muslims. It is attributed to [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.<ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Prayers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9ASyRWODgMC&pg=PP199|publisher=Sohale Sizar|pages=199|id=GGKEY:16QJUDZKQLD}}</ref> Alqamah is referred to one of companion of [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]], the sixth Imam of the Shia, named ''Alqamah''. According to the tradition  in  [[Mafatih al-Janan]] (Keys to the Heavens), [[Abbas Qumi]] believed this supplication is in honor of one companion of  Ja'far al-Sadiq, named Safwan. So, the original name of the supplication is Safwan.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.al-islam.org/torch-perpetual-guidance-expose-ziyarat-ashura-ali-asghar-azizi-tehrani/dua-after-ziyarat-ashura-dua-alqamah | title=The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali | author=Azizi Tehrani, Ali Asghar | translator=Bhimji, Saleem}}</ref> According to the Mafatih al-Janan, Abbas Qumi narrated the Alqamah prayer from [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth [[Imam]] of [[Shia]], on [[day of Ashura]] by the authority of [[Alqamah ibn Mohammad ibn Hazrami]] through a chain of transmission.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Mafatih-Al-Jinan-Paradise-Al-Baqiyat-Al-Salihat/dp/9642190877 | title=Mafatih Al-Jinan (Keys to the Garden of Paradise) | publisher=Ansariyan Publications | author=[[Abbas Qomi|Qomi, Abbas]] | year=2009}}</ref>
+Dua Alqamah ([[Persian language|Persian]]: دعای علقمه ) is the title of the supplication recited after Ziyarat Ashura by Shia Muslims. It is attributed to [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth Shia Imam, who transmitted it to his followers.<ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Prayers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9ASyRWODgMC&pg=PP199|publisher=Sohale Sizar|pages=199|id=GGKEY:16QJUDZKQLD}}</ref> Alqamah is referred to one of companion of [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]], the sixth Imam of the Shia, named ''Alqamah''. According to the tradition  in  [[Mafatih al-Janan]] (Keys to the Heavens), [[Abbas Qumi]] believed this supplication is in honor of one companion of  Ja'far al-Sadiq, named Safwan. So, the original name of the supplication is Safwan.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.al-islam.org/torch-perpetual-guidance-expose-ziyarat-ashura-ali-asghar-azizi-tehrani/dua-after-ziyarat-ashura-dua-alqamah | title=The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Exposé on Ziyarat Ashura of al-Imam al-Husayn b. Ali | author=Azizi Tehrani, Ali Asghar | translator=Bhimji, Saleem | access-date=2015-11-29 | archive-date=2018-09-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211502/https://www.al-islam.org/torch-perpetual-guidance-expose-ziyarat-ashura-ali-asghar-azizi-tehrani/dua-after-ziyarat-ashura-dua-alqamah | url-status=dead }}</ref> According to the Mafatih al-Janan, Abbas Qumi narrated the Alqamah prayer from [[Muhammad al-Baqir]], the fifth [[Imam]] of [[Shia]], on [[day of Ashura]] by the authority of [[Alqamah ibn Mohammad ibn Hazrami]] through a chain of transmission.<ref>{{cite book | title=Mafatih Al-Jinan (Keys to the Garden of Paradise) | publisher=Ansariyan Publications | author=Qomi, Abbas | author-link=Abbas Qomi | year=2009| isbn=978-9642190874 }}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 36: / Line 37: @@
 ==External links==
-[http://www.duas.org/alqama.htm Text of Alqamah supplication]
+* [http://www.duas.org/alqama.htm Text of Alqamah supplication]
+* [https://www.dualibrary.com/read/dua/ziarat-e-ashura Full Text of Ziyarat Ashura]
-[[Category:Husayn ibn Ali]]
-[[Category:Battle of Karbala]]
+[[Category:Ashura]]
+[[Category:Mourning of Muharram]]
 [[Category:Ziyarat]]
-[[Category:Hussainia]]
+[[Category:Husayniyyas]]
-[[Category:Shia Islam]]