Jump to content

Chak Phra: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Customs: added reference
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 16);
 
(45 intermediate revisions by 25 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Buddhist festival celebrated in Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia}}
{{Multiple issues|{{tone|date=October 2016}}
{{tone|date=October 2016}}
⚫
}}

{{Infobox holiday
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Chak Phra
|holiday_name = Chak Phra
|type = buddhist
|type = buddhist
|official_name = {{lang-th|ชักพระ}}
|official_name = {{langx|th|ชักพระ}}
|image = ประเพณีชักพระที่วัดช่างเหล็ก (กรุงเทพมหานคร) 04.jpg
|image = Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 01.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = Chak Phra Festival in Muang Surat Thani, Thailand
|caption =
|observedby = [[Buddhism in Thailand|Thai Buddhists]]
|observedby = [[Buddhism in Thailand|Thai Buddhists]], [[Malaysian Siamese]]
|litcolor =
|litcolor =
|significance = Celebrates Buddha’s symbolic return to earth at the [[Wan Ok Phansa|end of Buddhist Lent]]
|significance = Celebrates Buddha’s symbolic return to earth at the [[Wan Ok Phansa|end of Buddhist Lent]]
Line 15: Line 14:
|duration = 9 days and 9 nights
|duration = 9 days and 9 nights
|frequency = Annual
|frequency = Annual
|date2018 = 21-29 October
|date2019 = 10–18 October
|date2018 = 21–29 October
|relatedto = [[Tak Bat Devo]], [[Wan Ok Phansa]]
|relatedto = [[Tak Bat Devo]], [[Wan Ok Phansa]]
}}
}}


'''Chak Phra''' ({{lang-th|ชักพระ}}) is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated annually in [[Southern Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oservice.skru.ac.th/ebookft/296/%C0%D2%A4%BC%B9%C7%A1%20%A1.pdf |title= Lesson 13: Chak Phra Festival |publisher= Songkhla Rajabhat University |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> The named could be translated as “Pulling the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]”, “pulling of the Buddhist monks”<ref>{{cite book |last=Chadchaidee |first=Thanapol "Lamduan"|title=Essays on Thailand |publisher=Booksmango |date=2013 |pages=5-7 |chapter=Tak Bat Devo and Chak Phra Festivals |chapterurl= https://books.google.co.th/books?id=Zk4dAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tan |first=Terry |title=The Thai Table: A Celebration of Culinary Treasures |publisher=Marshal Cavendish International |date=2007 |page=24 |chapter=Beginnings: Festival Flavours |chapterurl= https://books.google.co.th/books?id=68UdeYiPeRUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> , or “pulling of ceremonial Buddha image carriages”.<ref> Yuankoet, Aonta. [http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/objects/thesis/fulltext/thapra/Aonta_Yuankoet/fulltext.pdf "Development and changes in the crafting of Ruea Phra Bok in Kanchanadit District, Suratthani Province"], ''Silpakorn University'', 2014. Retrieved on 23 October 2018.</ref>
'''Chak Phra''' ({{langx|th|ชักพระ}}, {{IPA|th|t͡ɕʰák pʰráʔ|pron}}) is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] festival that is celebrated annually in [[Southern Thailand]] and [[Malaysia|Northern Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oservice.skru.ac.th/ebookft/296/%C0%D2%A4%BC%B9%C7%A1%20%A1.pdf |title= Lesson 13: Chak Phra Festival |publisher= Songkhla Rajabhat University |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> The name "Chak Phra" could be translated as “Pulling the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]”, “pulling of the Buddhist monks”,<ref>{{cite book |last=Chadchaidee |first=Thanapol "Lamduan"|title=Essays on Thailand |publisher=Booksmango |date=2013 |pages=5–7 |chapter=Tak Bat Devo and Chak Phra Festivals |isbn=9786162222641|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk4dAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Tan |first=Terry |title=The Thai Table: A Celebration of Culinary Treasures |publisher=Marshal Cavendish International |date=2007 |page=24 |chapter=Beginnings: Festival Flavours |isbn=9789812614421 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=68UdeYiPeRUC&pg=PP1}}</ref> or “pulling of ceremonial Buddha image carriages”.<ref>Yuankoet, Aonta. [http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/objects/thesis/fulltext/thapra/Aonta_Yuankoet/fulltext.pdf "Development and changes in the crafting of Ruea Phra Bok in Kanchanadit District, Suratthani Province"], ''Silpakorn University'', 2014. Retrieved on 23 October 2018.</ref>


''Chak Phra'' takes place on the first day of the waning moon of the eleventh lunar month of the traditional [[Thai lunar calendar]], thus the exact dates of the festival change every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/395/SuratEn.pdf |title= Surat Thani E-Brochure (May 2014) |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/670/Thainess.pdf |title= Discover 7 Thainess Gems (2015) |publisher= Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> In the Western calendar this usually falls in the month of October.
''Chak Phra'' takes place in the eleventh lunar month of the traditional [[Thai lunar calendar]] on the first day of the waning moon. In the [[Gregorian calendar|western calendar]] it usually falls in the month of October. Because the festival is based on a [[lunar calendar]], the exact dates when it takes place change every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/395/SuratEn.pdf |title= Surat Thani E-Brochure (May 2014) |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Thainess Gems">{{cite web|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/670/Thainess.pdf |title= Discover 7 Thainess Gems (2015) |publisher= Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>


The largest celebration takes place in [[Surat Thani | Muang Surat Thani]] along the [[Tapi River, Thailand | Tapi River]], where the festival lasts nine days and nine nights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/670/Thainess.pdf |title= Discover 7 Thainess Gems (2015) |publisher= Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> Smaller celebrations also take place throughout the south including: [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/379/nakhonsithammarat.pdf |title= Nakhon Si Thammarat E-Brochure (January 2011). |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Nakhon Si Thammarat |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>, [[Phatthalung Province | Phatthalung]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/384/phathalung.pdf |title= Phattalung E-Brochure (July 2010). |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Hat Yai |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>, [[Pattani]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/608/pattani.pdf
The largest celebration takes place in [[Surat Thani|Mueang Surat Thani]], along the [[Tapi River, Thailand|Tapi River]]. This festival lasts nine days and nine nights.<ref name="Thainess Gems" /> Smaller celebrations also take place throughout the south including: [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/379/nakhonsithammarat.pdf |title= Nakhon Si Thammarat E-Brochure (January 2011). |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Nakhon Si Thammarat |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> [[Phatthalung Province|Phatthalung]],<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/384/phathalung.pdf |title= Phattalung E-Brochure (July 2010). |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Hat Yai |access-date= 22 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180816125915/https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/384/phathalung.pdf |archive-date= 16 August 2018 |url-status= dead }}</ref> [[Pattani, Thailand|Pattani]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tourismthailand.org/fileadmin/upload_img/Multimedia/Ebrochure/608/pattani.pdf
|title= Pattani E-Brochure (September 2012) |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Narathiwat |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>, and [[Ko Samui]].
|title= Pattani E-Brochure (September 2012) |publisher= Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Narathiwat |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Ko Samui]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==


"Chak" ({{lang-th|ชัก}}) means "to pull"<ref>[http://www.thai-language.com/id/133180 ชัก chak ''thai-language.com'']</ref> and "Phra" ({{lang-th|พระ}}) can refer to a monk, god, or Buddha image.<ref>[http://www.thai-language.com/id/131839 พระ phra ''thai-language.com'']</ref>
"Chak" ({{langx|th|ชัก}}) means "to pull"<ref>[http://www.thai-language.com/id/133180 ชัก chak ''thai-language.com'']</ref> and "Phra" ({{langx|th|พระ}}) can refer to a monk, god, or Buddha image.<ref>[http://www.thai-language.com/id/131839 พระ phra ''thai-language.com'']</ref>

==Origin==
The tradition is based on the following Buddhist legend:{{Blockquote
|text=The Buddha’s mother, [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)|Maya]], had died seven days after the Buddha-to-be was born. As she had no access to the Buddha’s teachings, he went up to [[Trāyastriṃśa|Tavatimsa heaven]], where she had been reborn, in order to give her the benefit of hearing the [[Dharma|Dhamma]]. Upon his return to earth, the Buddha descended upon a ladder of crystal accompanied by two Hindu gods who acted as his witnesses and acolytes: [[Brahma]] on a ladder of gold at right and [[Indra]] on a ladder of silver at left.<ref>{{cite book |last= Stratton |first=Carol |title= Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand |publisher=Buppha Press |date=2014 |page=43 |chapter=Chapter 3: Sculptural Conventions, Iconography, Style, Sets, Types |isbn=9781932476095 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EVpSSigMi4cC }}</ref>
|author=Carol Stratton |title="The Legend: The Buddha Descends from Tavatimsa Heaven" |source='' Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand'' (2004)
⚫
}}

It is said, that once Buddha had returned to [[earth]], a large crowd gathered to welcome him. He was offered large amounts of food and was invited to ride in a [[busabok]] throne.


==Overview==
==Overview==
Chak Phra is assumed to take place in India under the doctrine of [[Brahmanism]] which is popularly uses Buddha statue in a procession on various occasion. Later on, Chak Phra transferred to the [[Southern Thailand]] and has been put into practice and became a traditional festival for nowadays. People believe that Chak Phra will cause rainfall during the rainy season because people who are in the ceremony are mainly farmers.
Chak Phra is assumed to take place in India under the doctrine of [[Brahmanism]] which is a popularly used Buddha statue in a procession on various occasion. Later on, Chak Phra transferred to the [[Southern Thailand]] and Northern [[Malaysia]] and has been put into practice and became a traditional festival for nowadays. People believe that Chak Phra will cause rainfall during the rainy season because people who are in the ceremony are mainly farmers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}


==Description==
==Description==
Line 37: Line 45:
There are two types for this festival. Pulling the Buddha on the land or in the river.
There are two types for this festival. Pulling the Buddha on the land or in the river.
Pulling the Buddha Statue on the land is to invite the Buddha statue to the destination which is the temple. This festival is suitable for the temple which is far away from the river.
Pulling the Buddha Statue on the land is to invite the Buddha statue to the destination which is the temple. This festival is suitable for the temple which is far away from the river.
Dragging in the river is to invite the Buddha statue enshrined on the boat and then flock to the destination. This festival is suitable for the temple that is near the river.
Dragging in the river is to invite the Buddha statue enshrined on the boat and then flock to the destination. This festival is suitable for the temple that is near the river.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}


===Ceremonial floats===
===Ceremonial floats===


* land floats ({{lang-th|เรือพนมพระทางบก}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra thang bok''}})
* land floats ({{langx|th|เรือพนมพระทางบก}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra thang bok''}})
* river floats ({{lang-th|เรือพนมพระ}}; {{rtgs|''reua phanom phra''}})
* river floats ({{langx|th|เรือพนมพระ}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra''}})


{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=400
{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=400
| align = center
| align = center
| image1 =
| image1 = Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 07.jpg
| image2 =
| image2 = Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 08.jpg
| footer = Ceremonial river floats (left), are brought into Muang Surat Thani via the Tapi River. Ceremonial land floats (right) are pulled through the streets of Muang Surat Thani during the Chak Phra Parade and then put on display for the remainder of the festival.
| footer = Ceremonial river floats (left), are brought into Mueang Surat Thani via the Tapi River. Ceremonial land floats (right) are pulled through the streets of Mueang Surat Thani during the Chak Phra Parade and then put on display for the remainder of the festival.
}}
}}


==Customs==
==Customs==


The main activities during '''Chak Phra''' in [[Surat Thani | Muang Surat Thani]] include:
The main activities during '''Chak Phra''' in [[Surat Thani|Mueang Surat Thani]] include:


* Putting up donation trees ({{lang-th|ชักพุ่มผ้าป่า}}; {{rtgs|''chak phum pha pa''}}) in front of houses for the Buddhist monks. These donation trees are like Buddhist Christmas trees decorated with money, food, toiletries, and other items that the monks may need. There are over 2,000 registered donation trees around Muang Surat Thani.
* Putting up donation trees ({{langx|th|ชักพุ่มผ้าป่า}}; {{rtgs|''chak phum pha pa''}}) in front of houses for the Buddhist monks. These donation trees are like Buddhist Christmas trees decorated with money, food, toiletries, and other items that the monks may need. There are over 2,000 registered donation trees around Mueang Surat Thani.
⚫
* Display of ceremonial land floats ({{langx|th|เรือพนมพระทางบก}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra thang bok''}}) from over 100 local [[Wat|Buddhist temples]]

* Display of ceremonial land floats ({{lang-th|เรือพนมพระทางบก}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra thang bok''}}) from over 100 local [[Wat|Buddhist temples]]
* Pulling of the ceremonial land floats ({{langx|th|ชักพระ}}; {{rtgs|''chak phra''}}) during a morning parade
* Pulling of the ceremonial land floats ({{lang-th|ชักพระ}}; {{rtgs|''chak phra''}}) during a morning parade
* Long-boat Races ({{langx|th|แข่งเรือยาว}}; {{rtgs|''khaeng ruea yao''}})
* Long-boat Races ({{lang-th|แข่งเรือยาว}}; {{rtgs|''khaeng ruea yao''}})
* Ceremonial river floats ({{langx|th|เรือพนมพระ}}; {{rtgs|''ruea phanom phra''}})
⚫
* Colourful displays of the [[Gautama Buddha|Lord Buddha’s]] life cycle ({{langx|th|พุ่มผ้าป่า}}; {{rtgs|''phum pha pa''}})
⚫
* Ceremonial river floats ({{lang-th|เรือพนมพระ}}; {{rtgs|''reua phanom phra''}})
⚫
* Eating the traditional boiled rice snack of “belief & generosity” ({{langx|th|ขนมต้ม}}; {{rtgs|''khanom tom''}})<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.watthasai.net/prapeni_hotom2.html |title= "ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี
⚫
* Colourful displays of the [[Gautama Buddha|Lord Buddha’s]] life cycle ({{lang-th|พุ่มผ้าป่า}}; {{rtgs|''phum pha pa''}})
⚫
* Eating the traditional boiled rice snack of “belief & generosity” ({{lang-th|ขนมต้ม}}; {{rtgs|''khanom tom''}})<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.watthasai.net/prapeni_hotom2.html |title= "ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี
|publisher= Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>
|publisher= Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>

<gallery>
Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 02.jpg|A donation tree (''chak phum pha pa)'' in front of a business in [[Surat Thani]]
Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 06.jpg|Dioramas of the Lord Buddha (''Phum Pha Pa'') on put on display during the festival
Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 03.jpg|Long-boat races (''khaeng ruea yao'') on the [[Tapi River, Thailand|Tapee River]]
Chak Phra Festival Surat Thani Thailand 05.jpg|Chak Phra morning parade in [[Surat Thani]]
</gallery>


===Khanom tom===
===Khanom tom===


Khanom tom ({{lang-th|ขนมต้ม}}) is a Southern Thai snack made from sticky rice, coconut milk, and sugar. The mixture is wrapped in young [[Licuala spinosa | Mangrove Fan Palm]] leaves ({{lang-th|ใบกะพ้อ}}), formed into a triangle shape, and then boiled or steamed until cooked. To show their generosity to those who participate in the Chak Phra parade, the snack is usually made in large volumes by community members the day before the parade at various temples around town, the most prominent being Wat Tha Sai in [[Kanchanadit District]], Surat Thani.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.watthasai.net/prapeni_hotom2.html |title= "ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี
'''Khanom tom''' ({{langx|th|ขนมต้ม}}; literally ''"boiled snack"'') is a Southern Thai snack made from sticky rice, coconut milk, sugar, and salt. The mixture is wrapped in young [[Licuala spinosa|Mangrove Fan Palm]] leaves ({{langx|th|ใบกะพ้อ}}), formed into a triangle shape, and then boiled or steamed until cooked.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.royin.go.th/dictionary/ |title= Royal Institute Dictionary: ชักพระ (Thai only) |author= Royal Society of Thailand
|access-date= 23 October 2018 }}</ref> To show their generosity to those who participate in the Chak Phra parade, the snack is usually made in large volumes by community members the day before the parade at various temples around town, the most prominent being Wat Tha Sai in [[Kanchanadit District]], Surat Thani.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.watthasai.net/prapeni_hotom2.html |title= "ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี
|publisher= Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref>
|publisher= Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only) |access-date=22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.watthasai.net/pn_horkaotom.htm
|title= "ประเพณีห่อข้าวต้มลูกโยน(แทงต้ม)วัดท่าไทร กว่า 32 ปีแห่งการอนุรักษ์ภูมิปัญญาพุทธ ภูมิปัญญาไทย" (Thai only)|publisher= Wat Tha Sai, Surat Thani |access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

Outside of [[Southern Thailand]], '''khanom tom''' is usually referred to as "khao tom luk yon" ({{langx|th|ข้าวต้มลูกโยน}}), as “khanom tom” is also the name of [[Central Thailand]] snack made from glutinous boiled rice balls covered in shredded coconut.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Buddhist festivals]]
[[Category:Buddhist festivals in Thailand]]
[[Category:Festivals in Thailand]]
[[Category:Culture of Malaysia]]


{{Thailand-stub}}
{{Buddhism-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:35, 30 October 2024

Chak Phra
Official nameThai: ชักพระ
Observed byThai Buddhists, Malaysian Siamese
TypeBuddhist
SignificanceCelebrates Buddha’s symbolic return to earth at the end of Buddhist Lent
Date1st waning moon of the 11th lunar month of the Thai lunar calendar
FrequencyAnnual
Related toTak Bat Devo, Wan Ok Phansa

Chak Phra (Thai: ชักพระ, pronounced [t͡ɕʰák pʰráʔ]) is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated annually in Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia.[1] The name "Chak Phra" could be translated as “Pulling the Buddha”, “pulling of the Buddhist monks”,[2][3] or “pulling of ceremonial Buddha image carriages”.[4]

Chak Phra takes place in the eleventh lunar month of the traditional Thai lunar calendar on the first day of the waning moon. In the western calendar it usually falls in the month of October. Because the festival is based on a lunar calendar, the exact dates when it takes place change every year.[5][6]

The largest celebration takes place in Mueang Surat Thani, along the Tapi River. This festival lasts nine days and nine nights.[6] Smaller celebrations also take place throughout the south including: Nakhon Si Thammarat,[7] Phatthalung,[8] Pattani,[9] and Ko Samui.

Etymology

[edit]

"Chak" (Thai: ชัก) means "to pull"[10] and "Phra" (Thai: พระ) can refer to a monk, god, or Buddha image.[11]

Origin

[edit]

The tradition is based on the following Buddhist legend:

The Buddha’s mother, Maya, had died seven days after the Buddha-to-be was born. As she had no access to the Buddha’s teachings, he went up to Tavatimsa heaven, where she had been reborn, in order to give her the benefit of hearing the Dhamma. Upon his return to earth, the Buddha descended upon a ladder of crystal accompanied by two Hindu gods who acted as his witnesses and acolytes: Brahma on a ladder of gold at right and Indra on a ladder of silver at left.[12]

— Carol Stratton, "The Legend: The Buddha Descends from Tavatimsa Heaven", Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand (2004)

It is said, that once Buddha had returned to earth, a large crowd gathered to welcome him. He was offered large amounts of food and was invited to ride in a busabok throne.

Overview

[edit]

Chak Phra is assumed to take place in India under the doctrine of Brahmanism which is a popularly used Buddha statue in a procession on various occasion. Later on, Chak Phra transferred to the Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia and has been put into practice and became a traditional festival for nowadays. People believe that Chak Phra will cause rainfall during the rainy season because people who are in the ceremony are mainly farmers.[citation needed]

Description

[edit]

There are two types for this festival. Pulling the Buddha on the land or in the river. Pulling the Buddha Statue on the land is to invite the Buddha statue to the destination which is the temple. This festival is suitable for the temple which is far away from the river. Dragging in the river is to invite the Buddha statue enshrined on the boat and then flock to the destination. This festival is suitable for the temple that is near the river.[citation needed]

Ceremonial floats

[edit]
  • land floats (Thai: เรือพนมพระทางบก; RTGS: ruea phanom phra thang bok)
  • river floats (Thai: เรือพนมพระ; RTGS: ruea phanom phra)

Customs

[edit]

The main activities during Chak Phra in Mueang Surat Thani include:

  • Putting up donation trees (Thai: ชักพุ่มผ้าป่า; RTGS: chak phum pha pa) in front of houses for the Buddhist monks. These donation trees are like Buddhist Christmas trees decorated with money, food, toiletries, and other items that the monks may need. There are over 2,000 registered donation trees around Mueang Surat Thani.
  • Display of ceremonial land floats (Thai: เรือพนมพระทางบก; RTGS: ruea phanom phra thang bok) from over 100 local Buddhist temples
  • Pulling of the ceremonial land floats (Thai: ชักพระ; RTGS: chak phra) during a morning parade
  • Long-boat Races (Thai: แข่งเรือยาว; RTGS: khaeng ruea yao)
  • Ceremonial river floats (Thai: เรือพนมพระ; RTGS: ruea phanom phra)
  • Colourful displays of the Lord Buddha’s life cycle (Thai: พุ่มผ้าป่า; RTGS: phum pha pa)
  • Eating the traditional boiled rice snack of “belief & generosity” (Thai: ขนมต้ม; RTGS: khanom tom)[13]

Khanom tom

[edit]

Khanom tom (Thai: ขนมต้ม; literally "boiled snack") is a Southern Thai snack made from sticky rice, coconut milk, sugar, and salt. The mixture is wrapped in young Mangrove Fan Palm leaves (Thai: ใบกะพ้อ), formed into a triangle shape, and then boiled or steamed until cooked.[14] To show their generosity to those who participate in the Chak Phra parade, the snack is usually made in large volumes by community members the day before the parade at various temples around town, the most prominent being Wat Tha Sai in Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani.[15][16]

Outside of Southern Thailand, khanom tom is usually referred to as "khao tom luk yon" (Thai: ข้าวต้มลูกโยน), as “khanom tom” is also the name of Central Thailand snack made from glutinous boiled rice balls covered in shredded coconut.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Lesson 13: Chak Phra Festival" (PDF). Songkhla Rajabhat University. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  2. ^ Chadchaidee, Thanapol "Lamduan" (2013). "Tak Bat Devo and Chak Phra Festivals". Essays on Thailand. Booksmango. pp. 5–7. ISBN 9786162222641.
  3. ^ Tan, Terry (2007). "Beginnings: Festival Flavours". The Thai Table: A Celebration of Culinary Treasures. Marshal Cavendish International. p. 24. ISBN 9789812614421.
  4. ^ Yuankoet, Aonta. "Development and changes in the crafting of Ruea Phra Bok in Kanchanadit District, Suratthani Province", Silpakorn University, 2014. Retrieved on 23 October 2018.
  5. ^ "Surat Thani E-Brochure (May 2014)" (PDF). Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Discover 7 Thainess Gems (2015)" (PDF). Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  7. ^ "Nakhon Si Thammarat E-Brochure (January 2011)" (PDF). Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Nakhon Si Thammarat. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  8. ^ "Phattalung E-Brochure (July 2010)" (PDF). Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Hat Yai. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Pattani E-Brochure (September 2012)" (PDF). Tourist Information Division, Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Narathiwat. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  10. ^ ชัก chak thai-language.com
  11. ^ พระ phra thai-language.com
  12. ^ Stratton, Carol (2014). "Chapter 3: Sculptural Conventions, Iconography, Style, Sets, Types". Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand. Buppha Press. p. 43. ISBN 9781932476095.
  13. ^ ""ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี". Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only). Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  14. ^ Royal Society of Thailand. "Royal Institute Dictionary: ชักพระ (Thai only)". Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  15. ^ ""ขนมต้ม" ขนมแห่งศรัทธาและความเอื้ออารี". Wat Sai, Surat Thani (Thai only). Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  16. ^ ""ประเพณีห่อข้าวต้มลูกโยน(แทงต้ม)วัดท่าไทร กว่า 32 ปีแห่งการอนุรักษ์ภูมิปัญญาพุทธ ภูมิปัญญาไทย" (Thai only)". Wat Tha Sai, Surat Thani. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Chak_Phra&oldid=1254408858"