Jump to content

The 39 Steps (play): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
 
(44 intermediate revisions by 34 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Short description|Play written by Patrick Barlow}}
{{Infobox play
{{Infobox play
| name = The 39 Steps
| name = The 39 Steps
| image = 39 steps.jpg
| image = 39 steps.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| caption =
| writer = [[Patrick Barlow]]
| writer = [[Patrick Barlow]]
| based_on = {{plainlist|
| genre = [[Comedy]]/[[parody]]
* {{based on|[[The Thirty-Nine Steps]]|[[John Buchan]]}}
| publisher = [[Samuel French, Inc.]]
* {{based on|[[The 39 Steps (1935 film)]]|[[Alfred Hitchcock]]}}}}
| genre = [[Comedy]]/[[parody]]
| setting = 1930s England and Scotland
| setting = 1930s England and Scotland
| subject =
| subject =
| premiere = 17 June 2005
| premiere = {{plainlist|
* {{start date|1996|5|3|df=y}}
| close = 5 September 2015
* {{start date|2005|6|17|df=y}}}}
| place = [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]]<br>[[Leeds]]
| place = {{plainlist|
* [[Georgian Theatre Royal]], [[Richmond, North Yorkshire]]
* [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]], [[Leeds]]}}
| orig_lang = English
| orig_lang = English
| web = http://www.love39steps.com/
| web = {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901020946/http://www.love39steps.com:80/|date=2018-09-01|title=Official home page of the play}}
}}
}}
'''''The 39 Steps''''' is a [[parody]] [[Play (theatre)|play]] adapted from the [[The Thirty-nine Steps|1915 novel]] by [[John Buchan]] and the [[The 39 Steps (1935 film)|1935 film]] by [[Alfred Hitchcock]]. The original concept and production of a four-actor version of the story was written by [[Simon Corble]] and Nobby Dimon, and premiered in 1996. [[Patrick Barlow]] rewrote this adaptation in 2005.<ref name="Brown">{{cite news | author=Joel Brown | title=4 actors, 150 roles add up to ''39 Steps'' | url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2007/09/16/4_actors_150_roles_add_up_to_39_steps/?page=full | work=Boston Globe | date=16 September 2007 | access-date=2008-04-04}}</ref>


The play's concept calls for the entirety of the 1935 adventure film ''[[The 39 Steps (1935 film)|The 39 Steps]]'' to be performed with a cast of only four. One actor plays the hero, [[Richard Hannay]]; an actress (or sometimes actor) plays the three women with whom he has romantic entanglements; and two other actors play every other character in the show, each occasionally playing multiple characters at once. Thus the film's serious spy story is given a comedic twist.
'''''The 39 Steps''''' is a [[parody]] adapted from the [[The Thirty-nine Steps|1915 novel]] by [[John Buchan]] and the [[The 39 Steps (1935 film)|1935 film]] by [[Alfred Hitchcock]]. The original concept and production of a four-actor version of the story was by [[Simon Corble]] and Nobby Dimon. [[Patrick Barlow]] rewrote this adaptation in 2005.<ref name="Brown">{{cite news | author=Joel Brown | title=4 actors, 150 roles add up to ''39 Steps'' | url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2007/09/16/4_actors_150_roles_add_up_to_39_steps/?page=full | work=Boston Globe | date=16 September 2007 | accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref>

The play's concept calls for the entirety of the 1935 adventure film ''[[The 39 Steps (1935 film)|The 39 Steps]]'' to be performed with a cast of only four. One actor plays the hero, [[Richard Hannay]], an actress (or sometimes actor) plays the three women with whom he has romantic entanglements, and two other actors play every other character in the show: heroes, villains, men, women, children and even the occasional inanimate object. This often requires lightning fast [[List of quick-change acts|quick-change]]s and occasionally for them to play multiple characters at once. Thus the film's serious spy story is played mainly for laughs, and the script is full of allusions to (and puns on the titles of) other Alfred Hitchcock films, including ''[[Strangers on a Train (film)|Strangers on a Train]]'', ''[[Rear Window]]'', ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', ''[[Vertigo (film)|Vertigo]]'' and ''[[North by Northwest]]''.


==Production history==
==Production history==
The first version of the play written by [[Simon Corble]] and Nobby Dimon for a cast of four actors and funded by a £1,000 Yorkshire Arts Grant, premiered in 1995 before an audience of 90 people at the [[Georgian Theatre Royal]] in [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], [[North Yorkshire]], before embarking on a tour of village halls across the north of England.<ref name=Independent>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Andrew|title=Thirty-nine steps to an unlikely theatrical triumph|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/thirtynine-steps-to-an-unlikely-theatrical-triumph-847465.html|accessdate=1 May 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=15 June 2008}}</ref>
The first version of the play written by Simon Corble and Nobby Dimon for a cast of four actors and funded by a £1,000 Yorkshire Arts Grant, premiered in 1996 before an audience of 90 people at the [[Georgian Theatre Royal]] in [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], [[North Yorkshire]], before embarking on a tour of village halls across the north of England.<ref name=Independent>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Andrew|title=Thirty-nine steps to an unlikely theatrical triumph|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/thirtynine-steps-to-an-unlikely-theatrical-triumph-847465.html|access-date=1 May 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=15 June 2008}}</ref>


In 2005 Patrick Barlow rewrote the script, keeping the scenes, staging and small-scale feel,<ref name=Independent /> and on June 17, 2005 this re-adaption premiered at the [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Kate Bassett | title=''The 39 Steps'', West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-497445.html | work=The Independent | date=3 July 2005 | accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Sam Marlowe | title=The 39 Steps | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article611828.ece | work=The Times | date=18 August 2006 | accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref> directed by Fiona Buffini and designed by [[Peter McKintosh]].<ref name="Rees">{{cite news | author=Jasper Rees | title=The 39 Steps from Leeds to Broadway | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/18/nosplit/btsteps118.xml | work=Telegraph | date=18 August 2007 | accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref> The featured actors were Robert Whitelock, Lisa Jackson, Simon Gregor and Mark Hadfield.<ref>{{cite news | author=Lynne Walker | title=''The 39 Steps'', West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-498321.html | work=The Independent | date=11 July 2005 | accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref> [[Maria Aitken]] directed the revised production in its London premiere at the [[Tricycle Theatre]] (London),<ref>{{cite news | author=Dominic Cavendish | title=Irreverent romp down the nostalgia track | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/08/18/btsteps18.xml | work=Telegraph | date=18 August 2006 | accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref> which opened on 10 August 2006 titled ''[[John Buchan]]'s The 39 Steps''.<ref name="Brantley">{{cite news | author=Ben Brantley | title=Spies, Blonde and a Guy Go North by Northwest | url=http://theater2.nytimes.com/2008/01/16/theater/reviews/16steps.html | work=The New York Times | date=16 January 2008 | accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref> The cast for the London premiere comprised [[Rupert Degas]], [[Charles Edwards (English actor)|Charles Edwards]], Simon Gregor and [[Catherine McCormack]], again with designs by [[Peter McKintosh]]. The production transferred to the [[Criterion Theatre]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]] in September 2006.<ref>{{cite news | author=Brian Logan | title=The 39 Steps (Criterion, London) | url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/reviews/story/0,,1880605,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=23 September 2006 | accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref> ''The 39 Steps'' closed on 5 September 2015 after 9 years in the West End, making it the fifth longest running play in West End history.<ref>{{cite news | author=Georgia Snow | title=The 39 Steps to close after nine years in the West End | url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2015/39-steps-close-nine-years-west-end/ | work=The Stage | date=17 June 2015 | accessdate=2015-06-23}}</ref>
In 2005 Patrick Barlow rewrote the script, keeping the scenes, staging and small-scale feel,<ref name=Independent /> and on June 17, 2005, this re-adaptation premiered at the [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Kate Bassett | title=''The 39 Steps'', West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-497445.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20090618143211/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-497445.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 18, 2009 | work=The Independent | date=3 July 2005 | access-date=2008-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Sam Marlowe | title=The 39 Steps | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article611828.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517092852/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article611828.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2011 | work=The Times | date=18 August 2006 | access-date=2008-03-30}}</ref> directed by Fiona Buffini and designed by [[Peter McKintosh]].<ref name="Rees">{{cite news | author=Jasper Rees | title=The 39 Steps from Leeds to Broadway | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/18/nosplit/btsteps118.xml | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522100203/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/18/nosplit/btsteps118.xml | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 May 2008 | work=Telegraph | date=18 August 2007 | access-date=2008-03-30}}</ref> The featured actors were Robert Whitelock, Lisa Jackson, Simon Gregor and Mark Hadfield.<ref>{{cite news | author=Lynne Walker | title=''The 39 Steps'', West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-498321.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20090618143219/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-west-yorkshire-playhouse-leeds-498321.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 18, 2009 | work=The Independent | date=11 July 2005 | access-date=2008-04-04}}</ref> [[Maria Aitken]] directed the revised production in its London premiere at the [[Tricycle Theatre]] (London),<ref>{{cite news | author=Dominic Cavendish | title=Irreverent romp down the nostalgia track | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/08/18/btsteps18.xml | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205120804/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/08/18/btsteps18.xml | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 December 2008 | work=Telegraph | date=18 August 2006 | access-date=2008-03-30}}</ref> which opened on 10 August 2006 titled ''[[John Buchan]]'s The 39 Steps''.<ref name="Brantley">{{cite news | author=Ben Brantley | title=Spies, Blonde and a Guy Go North by Northwest | url=http://theater2.nytimes.com/2008/01/16/theater/reviews/16steps.html | work=The New York Times | date=16 January 2008 | access-date=2008-03-30}}</ref> The cast for the London premiere comprised [[Rupert Degas]], [[Charles Edwards (English actor)|Charles Edwards]], Simon Gregor and [[Catherine McCormack]], again with designs by [[Peter McKintosh]]. The production transferred to the [[Criterion Theatre]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]] in September 2006.<ref>{{cite news | author=Brian Logan | title=The 39 Steps (Criterion, London) | url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/reviews/story/0,,1880605,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=23 September 2006 | access-date=2008-03-30}}</ref> ''The 39 Steps'' closed on 5 September 2015 after 9 years in the West End, making it the fifth longest running play in West End history.<ref>{{cite news | author=Georgia Snow | title=The 39 Steps to close after nine years in the West End | url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2015/39-steps-close-nine-years-west-end/ | work=The Stage | date=17 June 2015 | access-date=2015-06-23}}</ref>


On 27 August 2008 a Spanish production opened at Maravillas Theatre in Madrid directed by Eduardo Bazo and starring Gabino Diego, Jorge de Juan, Diego Molero and [[Patricia Conde]] (later replaced by Beatriz Rico).
On 27 August 2008 a Spanish production opened at Maravillas Theatre in Madrid directed by Eduardo Bazo and starring Gabino Diego, Jorge de Juan, Diego Molero and [[Patricia Conde (Spanish actress)|Patricia Conde]] (later replaced by Beatriz Rico).


===United States premiere===
===United States premiere===
The play premiered the U.S. at the Boston University Theatre, by the [[Huntington Theatre Company]], in [[Boston]] on 19 September 2007.<ref name="Brown"/><ref>{{cite news | author=Louise Kennedy | title=Hitch a ride | url=http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2007/09/21/hitch_a_ride/ | work=Boston Globe | date=21 September 2007 | accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref> Billed as ''Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps'', it opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in a [[Roundabout Theatre]] production at the [[American Airlines Theatre]], with previews beginning on 4 January 2008 and the official opening on 15 January 2008.<ref name="Brantley"/> The initial run concluded on 29 March 2008 and transferred to the [[Cort Theatre]] on 29 April 2008 and then transferred to the [[Helen Hayes Theatre]] on 21 January 2009.<ref>Jones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/125391.html "The Chase Is Back On! 39 Steps Begins at Broadway's Helen Hayes"], playbill.com, January 21, 2009</ref> Aitken also directed the United States productions, with McKintosh designing, and Edwards transferred to these productions as Richard Hannay, the only actor from the UK cast to do so. The other actors in the premiere US productions were [[Jennifer Ferrin]], Arnie Burton and Cliff Saunders. Edwards concluded his run on 6 July 2008 and [[Sam Robards]] took over the role of Richard Hannay.<ref>{{cite news|authorlink1=Robert Simonson | author=Robert Simonson | title=Charles in Charge | url=http://www.playbill.com/features/article/118353.html | work=Playbill | date=4 June 2008 | accessdate=2008-06-14 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608071343/http://www.playbill.com/features/article/118353.html | archivedate=8 June 2008 | df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Kenneth Jones | title=Sam Robards Is the Next Pursued Man of Broadway's ''39 Steps'' | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118367.html | work=Playbill | date=4 June 2008 | accessdate=2008-06-14 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607232159/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118367.html | archivedate=7 June 2008 | df= }}</ref>
The play premiered the U.S. at the Boston University Theatre, by the [[Huntington Theatre Company]], in [[Boston]] on 19 September 2007.<ref name="Brown"/><ref>{{cite news | author=Louise Kennedy | title=Hitch a ride | url=http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2007/09/21/hitch_a_ride/ | work=Boston Globe | date=21 September 2007 | access-date=2008-04-04}}</ref> Billed as ''Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps'', it opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in a [[Roundabout Theatre]] production at the [[American Airlines Theatre]], with previews beginning on 4 January 2008 and the official opening on 15 January 2008.<ref name="Brantley"/> The initial run concluded on 29 March 2008 and transferred to the [[Cort Theatre]] on 29 April 2008 and then transferred to the [[Helen Hayes Theatre]] on 21 January 2009.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kenneth Jones |title=The Chase Is Back On! ''39 Steps'' Begins at Broadway's Helen Hayes |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/the-chase-is-back-on-39-steps-begins-at-broadways-helen-hayes-com-157127 |access-date=27 June 2022 |work=Playbill |date=21 January 2009}}</ref> Aitken also directed the United States productions, with McKintosh designing, and Edwards transferred to these productions as Richard Hannay, the only actor from the UK cast to do so. The other actors in the premiere US productions were [[Jennifer Ferrin]], Arnie Burton and Cliff Saunders. Edwards concluded his run on 6 July 2008 and [[Sam Robards]] took over the role of Richard Hannay.<ref>{{cite news|author-link1=Robert Simonson | author=Robert Simonson | title=Charles in Charge | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/charles-in-charge-com-150652 | work=Playbill | date=4 June 2008 | access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Kenneth Jones | title=Sam Robards Is the Next Pursued Man of Broadway's ''39 Steps'' | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/sam-robards-is-the-next-pursued-man-of-broadways-39-steps-com-150666 | work=Playbill | date=4 June 2008 | access-date=27 June 2022}}</ref>


Jeffrey Kuhn and Francesca Faridany joined the cast on 28 October 2008.<ref>Jones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122738.html "Broadway's 39 Steps Gets Two New Zanies Starting Oct. 28"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031190014/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/122738.html |date=2008-10-31 }}, playbill.com, October 28, 2008</ref> In December 2008 it was announced that [[Sean Mahon]] would take over the role of Richard Hannay. The show had its final Broadway performance on 10 January 2010 after 771 performances, "the longest-running Broadway play in seven years" (according to the writer for Playbill.com).<ref>Jones, Kenneth.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/133063-The_Chase_Ends%21_Broadway%27s_39_Steps_Will_Close_in_January_2010 The Chase Ends! Broadway's 39 Steps Will Close in January 2010"] playbill.com, September 21, 2009</ref><ref name="BroadwayWorld.com, 21 January 2010">[http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/THE_39_STEPS_to_ReOpen_OffBroadway_20100121 BroadwayWorld.com, 21 January 2010]</ref> ''The 39 Steps'' transferred to the [[off-Broadway]] venue [[New World Stages]], reopening on 25 March 2010.<ref name="BroadwayWorld.com, 21 January 2010"/>
Jeffrey Kuhn and Francesca Faridany joined the cast on 28 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kenneth Jones |title=Broadway's ''39 Steps'' Gets Two New Zanies Starting Oct. 28 |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/broadways-39-steps-gets-two-new-zanies-starting-oct-28-com-154632 |access-date=27 June 2022 |work=Playbill |date=28 October 2008}}</ref> In December 2008 it was announced that [[Sean Mahon]] would take over the role of Richard Hannay. The show had its final Broadway performance on 10 January 2010 after 771 performances, "the longest-running Broadway play in seven years" (according to the writer for Playbill.com).<ref>{{cite news |author=Kenneth Jones |title=The Chase Ends! Broadway's ''39 Steps'' Will Close in January 2010 |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/133063-The_Chase_Ends%21_Broadway%27s_39_Steps_Will_Close_in_January_2010 |access-date=27 June 2022 |work=Playbill |date=21 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925001155/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/133063-The_Chase_Ends!_Broadway's_39_Steps_Will_Close_in_January_2010 |archive-date=25 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="Diamond">{{cite news |author=Robert Diamond |title=THE 39 STEPS to Re-Open Off Broadway |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/THE-39-STEPS-to-ReOpen-OffBroadway-20100121 |access-date=27 June 2022 |work=BroadwayWorld |date=21 January 2010}}</ref> ''The 39 Steps'' transferred to the [[off-Broadway]] venue [[New World Stages]], reopening on 25 March 2010.<ref name="Diamond"/>


On April 1, 2015, performances of the play, subtly retitled "39 Steps", resumed at the [[Union Square Theatre]] with the entire original creative team, and starring Robert Petkoff as Hannay, Brittany Vicars as the women, Billy Carter as Man #1. Arnie Burton resumed his long-running stint as Man #2; a role he continued until the 'clock' for his tenure reached 1000 performances on September 28, 2015. Mark Cameron Pow replaced Arnie Burton in the role and the production continued performances until January 3, 2016, when the theatre and building were closed for repurposing of the building into creative office space and high-end retail. This production, produced by [[Douglas Denoff]], ran 317 performances to 61,590 ticket holders ranging in age from 5 years to 103, and each received a trademark red nose in honor of the plays' branding "Hitchcock Made Hilarious". A Broadway return for this production is anticipated in 2018-2019.
On 1 April 2015, performances of the play, subtly retitled "39 Steps", resumed at the [[Union Square Theatre]] with the entire original creative team, and starring Robert Petkoff as Hannay, [[Brittany Vicars]] as the women, Billy Carter as Man #1. Arnie Burton resumed his long-running stint as Man #2; a role he continued until the 'clock' for his tenure reached 1000 performances on 28 September 2015. Mark Cameron Pow replaced Arnie Burton in the role and the production continued performances until 3 January 2016, when the theatre and building were closed for repurposing of the building into creative office space and high-end retail. This production, produced by [[Douglas Denoff]], ran 317 performances to 61,590 ticket holders ranging in age from 5 years to 103, and each received a trademark red nose in honor of the plays' branding "Hitchcock Made Hilarious".


===Awards===
===Awards===
The play won the [[Olivier Award]] for ''Best Comedy in 2007'' and the What's On Stage Award for ''Best Comedy 2007''.
The play won the [[Olivier Award]] for ''Best Comedy in 2007'' and the What's On Stage Award for ''Best Comedy 2007''.


The 2008 Roundabout Broadway production won the 2008 [[Drama Desk Award]] for Unique Theatrical Experience and Outstanding Lighting Design (Kevin Adams). It won two [[Tony Award]]s on 15 June 2008 for [[Tony Award for Best Lighting Design|Best Lighting Design]] and [[Tony Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]. It was nominated for four other Tonys: Best Play, Best Direction of a Play ([[Maria Aitken]]), Best Scenic Design of a Play ([[Peter McKintosh]]) and Best Costume Design of a Play ([[Peter McKintosh]]).
The 2008 Roundabout Broadway production won the 2008 [[Drama Desk Award]] for Unique Theatrical Experience and Outstanding Lighting Design (Kevin Adams). It won two [[Tony Award]]s on 15 June 2008 for [[Tony Award for Best Lighting Design in a Play|Best Lighting Design in a Play]] and [[Tony Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]. It was nominated for four other Tonys: Best Play, Best Direction of a Play ([[Maria Aitken]]), Best Scenic Design of a Play ([[Peter McKintosh]]) and Best Costume Design of a Play ([[Peter McKintosh]]).


===Film references & production notes===
===Film references & production notes===
The play shares the plot and characters with the film. However, the play is a more comic treatment of the story, in the style of [[Monty Python]] and Barlow's own [[National Theatre of Brent]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Paul Taylor | title=''The 39 Steps'', Tricycle Theatre, Kilburn, London | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-tricycle-theatre-kilburn-london-411991.html | work=The Independent | date=15 August 2006 | accessdate=2008-04-06}}</ref> compared to the original and more serious film. The play incorporates references and use of music excerpts from other Hitchcock films. The cast of four actors portrays between 100 and 150 roles, including actors doubling parts within the same scene.<ref name="Brown"/><ref name="Rees"/><ref name="Brantley"/> The quick, comic changes are reminiscent of [[Charles Ludlam]]'s ''[[The Mystery of Irma Vep]]''. The actress playing Annabella Schmidt also plays the two other romantic females, Pamela and Margaret, while the two clowns play the nearly all the other roles.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gates|first1=Anita|title=Revisiting a Thriller, Revised as a Farce|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/a-review-of-the-39-steps-at-the-george-street-playhouse.html|website=www.nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=10 April 2016}}</ref> The part of Richard Hannay is the only one where the actor does not double in another role in the play.
The play shares the plot and characters with the film. However, the play is a more comic treatment of the story, in the style of [[Monty Python]] and Barlow's own [[National Theatre of Brent]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Paul Taylor | title=''The 39 Steps'', Tricycle Theatre, Kilburn, London | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre/reviews/the-39-steps-tricycle-theatre-kilburn-london-411991.html | work=The Independent | date=15 August 2006 | access-date=2008-04-06}}</ref> compared to the original and more serious film. The play incorporates references and use of music excerpts from other Hitchcock films. The cast of four actors portrays between 100 and 150 roles, including actors doubling parts within the same scene.<ref name="Brown"/><ref name="Rees"/><ref name="Brantley"/> The quick, comic changes are reminiscent of [[Charles Ludlam]]'s ''[[The Mystery of Irma Vep]]''. The actress playing Annabella Schmidt also plays the two other romantic females, Pamela and Margaret, while the two clowns play nearly all the other roles.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gates|first1=Anita|title=Revisiting a Thriller, Revised as a Farce|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/a-review-of-the-39-steps-at-the-george-street-playhouse.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 May 2012|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref> The part of Richard Hannay is the only one where the actor does not double in another role in the play.


==Roles==
==Roles==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Role
!Role
!World Premiere Cast<br>17 June 2005<br>[[West Yorkshire Playhouse]], [[Leeds]]
!World Premiere Cast<br>17 June 2005<br>[[West Yorkshire Playhouse]], [[Leeds]]
!London Premiere Cast<br>10 August 2006<br>[[Tricycle Theatre]], London
!London Premiere Cast<br>10 August 2006<br>[[Tricycle Theatre]], London
Line 50: Line 54:
!Madrid Premiere Cast<br>27 August 2008<br>Teatro Maravillas, [[Madrid]]
!Madrid Premiere Cast<br>27 August 2008<br>Teatro Maravillas, [[Madrid]]
!Paris Premiere Cast<br>10 October 2010<br>Théâtre La Bruyère, Paris
!Paris Premiere Cast<br>10 October 2010<br>Théâtre La Bruyère, Paris
|-
|-
|[[Richard Hannay]]
|[[Richard Hannay]]
|Robert Whitelock
|Robert Whitelock
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Charles Edwards (English actor)|Charles Edwards]]
|colspan=2 align=center|[[Charles Edwards (English actor)|Charles Edwards]]
|Jorge de Juan
|Jorge de Juan
|Christophe Laubion
|Christophe Laubion
|-
|-
|Annabella Schmidt / Pamela / Margaret
|Annabella Schmidt / Pamela / Margaret
|Lisa Jackson
|Lisa Jackson
|[[Catherine McCormack]]
|[[Catherine McCormack]]
|[[Jennifer Ferrin]]
|[[Jennifer Ferrin]]
|[[Patricia Conde]]
|[[Patricia Conde (Spanish actress)|Patricia Conde]]
|Andrea Bescond
|Andrea Bescond
|-
|-
|Clown / Man #1
|Clown / Man #1
|colspan=2 align=center|Simon Gregor
|colspan=2 align=center|Simon Gregor
|Cliff Saunders
|Cliff Saunders
|Gabino Diego
|Gabino Diego
|{{illm|Éric Métayer|fr|Éric Métayer}}
|Éric Métayer
|-
|-
|Clown / Man #2
|Clown / Man #2
|Mark Hadfield
|Mark Hadfield
|[[Rupert Degas]]
|[[Rupert Degas]]
|Arnie Burton
|Arnie Burton
|Diego Molero
|Diego Molero
|Jean-Philippe Beche
|Jean-Philippe Beche
|}
|}


==Productions==
==Productions==
Apart from the transfers to London and Broadway, this lists only the first production in a country or state.

Apart from the transfers to London and Broadway, this lists only the first production in a country.
[[Image:CriterionTheatre.png|thumb|right|''The 39 Steps'' played for 9 years (2006–2015) at the [[Criterion Theatre]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]].]]
[[Image:CriterionTheatre.png|thumb|right|''The 39 Steps'' played for 9 years (2006–2015) at the [[Criterion Theatre]] in London's [[West End theatre|West End]].]]
*2005, Leeds - [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]]
* 2005, [[Leeds]] [[West Yorkshire Playhouse]]
*2006, London - [[Tricycle Theatre]]
* 2006, [[London]] [[Tricycle Theatre]]
*2006, London West End - [[Criterion Theatre]]
* 2006, London [[West End theatre|West End]] [[Criterion Theatre]]
*2007, Boston - [[Huntington Theatre]]
* 2007, [[Boston]], [[United States]] [[Huntington Theatre]]
*2008, New York City, Broadway - [[American Airlines Theatre]], [[Cort Theatre]], [[Helen Hayes Theatre]]
* 2008, [[New York City]], [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[American Airlines Theatre]], [[Cort Theatre]], [[Helen Hayes Theatre]]
*2008, Melbourne - Playhouse, [[Victorian Arts Centre]] ([[Melbourne Theatre Company]])
* 2008, [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]] Playhouse, [[Victorian Arts Centre]] ([[Melbourne Theatre Company]])
*2008, Aachen - Grenzlandttheater, first performance in German
* 2008, [[Aachen]], [[Germany]] Grenzlandttheater, first performance in German
*2008, Tel Aviv - [[Habima Theatre]], in Hebrew
* 2008, [[Tel Aviv]] [[Habima Theatre]], in Hebrew
*2008, Hong Kong - Lyric Theatre, [[Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]]
* 2008, [[Hong Kong]] Lyric Theatre [[Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]]
*2008, Mexico City - Ramiro Jiménez Theatre
* 2008, [[Mexico City]] Ramiro Jiménez Theatre
*2008, Athens - Knossos Theatre, Greek adaptation
* 2008, [[Athens]], [[Greece]] Knossos Theatre, Greek adaptation
*2008, Madrid - Maravillas Theatre, in Spanish
* 2008, [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] Maravillas Theatre, in Spanish
*2008, Turku - [[Åbo Svenska Teater]], in Swedish
* 2008, [[Turku]], [[Finland]] [[Åbo Svenska Teater]], in Swedish
*2008, Tampere - Komediateatteri, in Finnish
* 2008, [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] Komediateatteri, in Finnish
*2009, Paris -Paris théâtre Labruyere
* 2009, [[Paris]], [[France]] – Paris théâtre Labruyere
*2009, South Korea - Sejong Arts Center
* 2009, [[South Korea]] Sejong Arts Center
*2009, Wellington - Circa Theatre
* 2009, [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]] [[Circa Theatre]]
*2009, Warsaw, Poland - Teatr Komedia (in Polish)
* 2009, [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] Teatr Komedia (in Polish)
*2010, Gananoque, Ontario - [[The Thousand Islands Playhouse]] (Canadian Premiere)
* 2010, [[Gananoque]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] [[The Thousand Islands Playhouse]] (Canadian Premiere)
*2010, Buenos Aires, Argentina - Teatro Piccadilly
* 2010, [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] Teatro Piccadilly
*2010, São Paulo,Brazil - Teatro Frei Caneca
* 2010, [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] Teatro Frei Caneca
*2011, Makati City, Philippines-Greenbelt, Ayala Center
* 2011, [[Makati City]], [[Philippines]] - Greenbelt, [[Ayala Center]]
*2011, Montevideo, Uruguay - Gran Teatro Metro
* 2011, [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] Gran Teatro Metro
*2011, Barcelona, Spain - Teatre Capitol
* 2011, [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] Teatre Capitol
*2012, Shanghai, China, [[Shanghai American School]]
* 2012, [[Shanghai]], [[China]] - [[Shanghai American School]]
*2012, Dubai, United Arab Emirates [Backstage Theatre Group]
* 2012, [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] [Backstage Theatre Group]
* 2012, [[Cotuit]], [[Massachusetts]], United States – Cotuit Center for the Arts
*2013, Stockholm, Sweden - Intiman theatre
*2013, Nuremberg, GermanyStaatstheater, in German
* 2013, [[Stockholm]], Sweden[[Intiman Theatre]]
* 2013, [[Nuremberg]], Germany – Staatstheater, in German
*2015, Halifax, Nova Scotia - [http://www.neptunetheatre.com/default.asp?mn=1.107%20 Neptune Theatre]
* 2013, [[Nantucket]], Massachusetts – Theater Workshop of Nantucket
*2015, Kincardine, Ontario- Bluewater Summer Playhouse [http://www.bluewatersummerplayhouse.com/]
* 2015, [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], Canada – [[Neptune Theatre (Halifax, Nova Scotia)|Neptune Theatre]]
*2015 American Stage St Petersburg, Florida
* 2015, [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]], Ontario - Bluewater Summer Playhouse
*2017, Los Angeles, California - Caroline's Loft. Starring Eitan Gurvis, Alyssa Lopez, Moss Woodbury, Kyle Tomlin, and Trevor Keyfauver
* 2015, American Stage, [[St. Petersburg]], [[Florida]], United States
*2017, Alley Theatre, Houston, Texas
* 2016, [[Ozark Actors Theatre]], [[Rolla, Missouri|Rolla]], [[Missouri]], United States
*2017, The Lake Charles Little Theatre, Lake Charles, Louisiana, starring Clay Hebert and Alex Landry.
*2017, Oakhill College, Castle Hill, Sydney
* 2017, [[Alley Theatre]], [[Houston]], [[Texas]], United States
* 2017, The Lake Charles Little Theatre, [[Lake Charles, Louisiana|Lake Charles]], Louisiana, starring Clay Hebert and Alex Landry
*2017, Alberta, Calgary, Vertigo Theater [http://www.vertigotheatre.com/]
* 2017, Oakhill College, Castle Hill, [[Sydney, Australia|Sydney]]
*2018, Springfield Little Theatre, Springfield, Missouri
* 2017, [[Alberta]] - Vertigo Theater

* 2019, Muskegon Civic Theater, [[Muskegon]], [[Michigan]], United States
===Closing West End Cast===
* 2019, Costa Mesa Playhouse, [[Costa Mesa]], [[California]], United States
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.love39steps.com/london/cast.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-06-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061034/http://www.love39steps.com/london/cast.php |archivedate=2013-05-12 |df= }}</ref>
* 2020, Uxbridge Music Hall, [[Uxbridge, Ontario|Uxbridge]]
* Richard Hannay - [[Daniel Llewelyn-Williams]]
* 2022, [[St. Lawrence Shakespeare Festival]], [[Prescott, Ontario|Prescott]]
* Pamela/Annabella/Margaret - [[Kelly Hotten]]
* 2022, [[University College Dublin]], [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], directed by Morgan Ward
* Man 1 - Gary Sefton
* 2023, County Stage Company, [[Prince Edward County, Ontario|Prince Edward County]]
* Man 2 - Darryl Clark
* 2024, London – [[Trafalgar Theatre]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swain |first=Marianka |date=2024-08-20 |title='The 39 Steps' review – it's no mystery why this gleefully silly spy parody remains an audience favourite |url=https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/reviews/the-39-steps-review-trafalgar-theatre |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=London Theatre |language=en}}</ref>


==Awards and nominations==
==Awards and nominations==
Line 143: Line 147:
* 2008 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Sound Design (Mic Pool)
* 2008 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Sound Design (Mic Pool)
* 2009 Molière France révélation Actress Andrea Bescond
* 2009 Molière France révélation Actress Andrea Bescond
* 2009 Molière France Best Director Métayer Éric
* 2009 Molière France Best Director Métayer Éric
* 2009 Molière France Best adaptation Gerald Sibleyras
* 2009 Molière France Best adaptation Gerald Sibleyras


Line 150: Line 154:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|The 39 Steps (play)}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.love39steps.com/ Official home page of the play]
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901020946/http://www.love39steps.com:80/|date=2018-09-01|title=Official home page of the play}}
* [http://www.39stepsonBroadway.com Broadway website]
* [http://www.39stepsonBroadway.com Broadway website]
* {{IBDB show|469214|The 39 Steps}}
* {{IBDB show|469214|The 39 Steps}}
Line 164: Line 168:
[[Category:Broadway plays]]
[[Category:Broadway plays]]
[[Category:Comedy plays]]
[[Category:Comedy plays]]
[[Category:John Buchan]]
[[Category:Comedy thriller plays]]
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays]]
[[Category:Detective, mystery and crime plays]]
[[Category:Works based on The Thirty-Nine Steps]]
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award–winning plays]]
[[Category:Off-Broadway plays]]
[[Category:Off-Broadway plays]]
[[Category:Plays based on films]]
[[Category:Plays based on films]]
Line 172: Line 178:
[[Category:Plays set in London]]
[[Category:Plays set in London]]
[[Category:Plays set in Scotland]]
[[Category:Plays set in Scotland]]
[[Category:Thriller plays]]
[[Category:West End plays]]
[[Category:West End plays]]

Latest revision as of 23:18, 30 October 2024

The 39 Steps
Written byPatrick Barlow
Based on
Date premiered
  • 3 May 1996 (1996-05-03)
  • 17 June 2005 (2005-06-17)
Place premiered
Original languageEnglish
GenreComedy/parody
Setting1930s England and Scotland
[Official home page of the play at the Wayback Machine (archived 2018-09-01) Official site]

The 39 Steps is a parody play adapted from the 1915 novel by John Buchan and the 1935 film by Alfred Hitchcock. The original concept and production of a four-actor version of the story was written by Simon Corble and Nobby Dimon, and premiered in 1996. Patrick Barlow rewrote this adaptation in 2005.[1]

The play's concept calls for the entirety of the 1935 adventure film The 39 Steps to be performed with a cast of only four. One actor plays the hero, Richard Hannay; an actress (or sometimes actor) plays the three women with whom he has romantic entanglements; and two other actors play every other character in the show, each occasionally playing multiple characters at once. Thus the film's serious spy story is given a comedic twist.

Production history

[edit]

The first version of the play written by Simon Corble and Nobby Dimon for a cast of four actors and funded by a £1,000 Yorkshire Arts Grant, premiered in 1996 before an audience of 90 people at the Georgian Theatre Royal in Richmond, North Yorkshire, before embarking on a tour of village halls across the north of England.[2]

In 2005 Patrick Barlow rewrote the script, keeping the scenes, staging and small-scale feel,[2] and on June 17, 2005, this re-adaptation premiered at the West Yorkshire Playhouse,[3][4] directed by Fiona Buffini and designed by Peter McKintosh.[5] The featured actors were Robert Whitelock, Lisa Jackson, Simon Gregor and Mark Hadfield.[6] Maria Aitken directed the revised production in its London premiere at the Tricycle Theatre (London),[7] which opened on 10 August 2006 titled John Buchan's The 39 Steps.[8] The cast for the London premiere comprised Rupert Degas, Charles Edwards, Simon Gregor and Catherine McCormack, again with designs by Peter McKintosh. The production transferred to the Criterion Theatre in London's West End in September 2006.[9] The 39 Steps closed on 5 September 2015 after 9 years in the West End, making it the fifth longest running play in West End history.[10]

On 27 August 2008 a Spanish production opened at Maravillas Theatre in Madrid directed by Eduardo Bazo and starring Gabino Diego, Jorge de Juan, Diego Molero and Patricia Conde (later replaced by Beatriz Rico).

United States premiere

[edit]

The play premiered the U.S. at the Boston University Theatre, by the Huntington Theatre Company, in Boston on 19 September 2007.[1][11] Billed as Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, it opened on Broadway in a Roundabout Theatre production at the American Airlines Theatre, with previews beginning on 4 January 2008 and the official opening on 15 January 2008.[8] The initial run concluded on 29 March 2008 and transferred to the Cort Theatre on 29 April 2008 and then transferred to the Helen Hayes Theatre on 21 January 2009.[12] Aitken also directed the United States productions, with McKintosh designing, and Edwards transferred to these productions as Richard Hannay, the only actor from the UK cast to do so. The other actors in the premiere US productions were Jennifer Ferrin, Arnie Burton and Cliff Saunders. Edwards concluded his run on 6 July 2008 and Sam Robards took over the role of Richard Hannay.[13][14]

Jeffrey Kuhn and Francesca Faridany joined the cast on 28 October 2008.[15] In December 2008 it was announced that Sean Mahon would take over the role of Richard Hannay. The show had its final Broadway performance on 10 January 2010 after 771 performances, "the longest-running Broadway play in seven years" (according to the writer for Playbill.com).[16][17] The 39 Steps transferred to the off-Broadway venue New World Stages, reopening on 25 March 2010.[17]

On 1 April 2015, performances of the play, subtly retitled "39 Steps", resumed at the Union Square Theatre with the entire original creative team, and starring Robert Petkoff as Hannay, Brittany Vicars as the women, Billy Carter as Man #1. Arnie Burton resumed his long-running stint as Man #2; a role he continued until the 'clock' for his tenure reached 1000 performances on 28 September 2015. Mark Cameron Pow replaced Arnie Burton in the role and the production continued performances until 3 January 2016, when the theatre and building were closed for repurposing of the building into creative office space and high-end retail. This production, produced by Douglas Denoff, ran 317 performances to 61,590 ticket holders ranging in age from 5 years to 103, and each received a trademark red nose in honor of the plays' branding "Hitchcock Made Hilarious".

Awards

[edit]

The play won the Olivier Award for Best Comedy in 2007 and the What's On Stage Award for Best Comedy 2007.

The 2008 Roundabout Broadway production won the 2008 Drama Desk Award for Unique Theatrical Experience and Outstanding Lighting Design (Kevin Adams). It won two Tony Awards on 15 June 2008 for Best Lighting Design in a Play and Best Sound Design. It was nominated for four other Tonys: Best Play, Best Direction of a Play (Maria Aitken), Best Scenic Design of a Play (Peter McKintosh) and Best Costume Design of a Play (Peter McKintosh).

Film references & production notes

[edit]

The play shares the plot and characters with the film. However, the play is a more comic treatment of the story, in the style of Monty Python and Barlow's own National Theatre of Brent,[18] compared to the original and more serious film. The play incorporates references and use of music excerpts from other Hitchcock films. The cast of four actors portrays between 100 and 150 roles, including actors doubling parts within the same scene.[1][5][8] The quick, comic changes are reminiscent of Charles Ludlam's The Mystery of Irma Vep. The actress playing Annabella Schmidt also plays the two other romantic females, Pamela and Margaret, while the two clowns play nearly all the other roles.[19] The part of Richard Hannay is the only one where the actor does not double in another role in the play.

Roles

[edit]
Role World Premiere Cast
17 June 2005
West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds
London Premiere Cast
10 August 2006
Tricycle Theatre, London
USA Premiere Cast
19 September 2007
Huntington Theatre Company, Boston
Madrid Premiere Cast
27 August 2008
Teatro Maravillas, Madrid
Paris Premiere Cast
10 October 2010
Théâtre La Bruyère, Paris
Richard Hannay Robert Whitelock Charles Edwards Jorge de Juan Christophe Laubion
Annabella Schmidt / Pamela / Margaret Lisa Jackson Catherine McCormack Jennifer Ferrin Patricia Conde Andrea Bescond
Clown / Man #1 Simon Gregor Cliff Saunders Gabino Diego Éric Métayer
Clown / Man #2 Mark Hadfield Rupert Degas Arnie Burton Diego Molero Jean-Philippe Beche

Productions

[edit]

Apart from the transfers to London and Broadway, this lists only the first production in a country or state.

The 39 Steps played for 9 years (2006–2015) at the Criterion Theatre in London's West End.

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Awards
Nominations
  • 2008 Tony Award for Best Play
  • 2008 Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play (Maria Aitken)
  • 2008 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design of a Play (Peter McKintosh)
  • 2008 Tony Award for Best Costume Design of a Play (Peter McKintosh)
  • 2008 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Sound Design (Mic Pool)
  • 2009 Molière France révélation Actress Andrea Bescond
  • 2009 Molière France Best Director Métayer Éric
  • 2009 Molière France Best adaptation Gerald Sibleyras

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Joel Brown (16 September 2007). "4 actors, 150 roles add up to 39 Steps". Boston Globe. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  2. ^ a b Johnson, Andrew (15 June 2008). "Thirty-nine steps to an unlikely theatrical triumph". The Independent. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  3. ^ Kate Bassett (3 July 2005). "The 39 Steps, West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  4. ^ Sam Marlowe (18 August 2006). "The 39 Steps". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  5. ^ a b Jasper Rees (18 August 2007). "The 39 Steps from Leeds to Broadway". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  6. ^ Lynne Walker (11 July 2005). "The 39 Steps, West Yorkshire, Playhouse, Leeds". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  7. ^ Dominic Cavendish (18 August 2006). "Irreverent romp down the nostalgia track". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  8. ^ a b c Ben Brantley (16 January 2008). "Spies, Blonde and a Guy Go North by Northwest". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  9. ^ Brian Logan (23 September 2006). "The 39 Steps (Criterion, London)". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
  10. ^ Georgia Snow (17 June 2015). "The 39 Steps to close after nine years in the West End". The Stage. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  11. ^ Louise Kennedy (21 September 2007). "Hitch a ride". Boston Globe. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  12. ^ Kenneth Jones (21 January 2009). "The Chase Is Back On! 39 Steps Begins at Broadway's Helen Hayes". Playbill. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  13. ^ Robert Simonson (4 June 2008). "Charles in Charge". Playbill. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  14. ^ Kenneth Jones (4 June 2008). "Sam Robards Is the Next Pursued Man of Broadway's 39 Steps". Playbill. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  15. ^ Kenneth Jones (28 October 2008). "Broadway's 39 Steps Gets Two New Zanies Starting Oct. 28". Playbill. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  16. ^ Kenneth Jones (21 September 2009). "The Chase Ends! Broadway's 39 Steps Will Close in January 2010". Playbill. Archived from the original on 25 September 2009. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  17. ^ a b Robert Diamond (21 January 2010). "THE 39 STEPS to Re-Open Off Broadway". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  18. ^ Paul Taylor (15 August 2006). "The 39 Steps, Tricycle Theatre, Kilburn, London". The Independent. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  19. ^ Gates, Anita (4 May 2012). "Revisiting a Thriller, Revised as a Farce". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  20. ^ Swain, Marianka (20 August 2024). "'The 39 Steps' review – it's no mystery why this gleefully silly spy parody remains an audience favourite". London Theatre. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
[edit]