Frick Collection: Difference between revisions

	The museum's courtyard
	Interactive fullscreen map
Established	December 16, 1935; 88 years ago
Location	1 East 70th Street; Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Coordinates	40°46′16″N 73°58′2″W / 40.77111°N 73.96722°W
Type	Art
Director	Axel Rüger
Public transit access	Subway: at 68th Street–Hunter College; Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M66, M72, M98, M101, M102, M103
Website	www.frick.org

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The Frick Collection (colloquially known as the Frick) is an art museum on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. It was established in 1935 to preserve the art collection of the industrialist Henry Clay Frick. The collection consists of 14th- to 19th-century European paintings, as well as other pieces of European fine and decorative art. It is located at the Henry Clay Frick House, a Beaux-Arts mansion designed for Henry Clay Frick. The Frick also houses the Frick Art Research Library, an art history research center established by Frick's daughter Helen Clay Frick in 1920, which contains sales catalogs, books, periodicals, and photographs.

The museum dates to 1920, when the trustees of Frick's estate formed the Frick Collection Inc. to care for his art collection, which he had bequeathed for public use. After Frick's wife Adelaide Frick died in 1931, John Russell Pope converted the Frick House into a museum, which opened on December 16, 1935. The museum acquired additional works of art over the years, and it expanded the house in 1977 to accommodate increasing visitation. Following fundraising campaigns in the 2000s, a further expansion was announced in the 2010s. From 2021 until March 2024, during the renovation of the Frick House, the Frick Madison operated at 945 Madison Avenue. The Frick House is scheduled to reopen in April 2025.

The Frick has about 1,500 pieces in its collection as of 2021. Artists with works in the collection include Bellini, Fragonard, Gainsborough, Goya, Holbein, Rembrandt, Titian, Turner, Velázquez, Vermeer, and Whistler. The museum has gradually acquired additional pieces over the years to supplement the paintings in Frick's original collection. In addition to its permanent collection, the museum has hosted small temporary exhibitions on narrowly defined topics, as well as academic symposiums, concerts, and classes. The Frick Collection typically has up to 300,000 visitors annually and has an endowment fund to support its programming. Commentary on the museum over the years has been largely positive, particularly in relation to the works themselves and their juxtaposition with the Frick House.

History

Henry Clay Frick was a coke and steel magnate.^[4]^[5] As early as 1870, he had hung pictures throughout his house in Broadford, Pennsylvania.^[6] Frick acquired the first painting in his permanent collection, Luis Jiménez's In the Louvre, in 1880,^[7] after moving to Pittsburgh.^[6] He did not begin buying paintings in large numbers until the mid-1890s,^[8]^[9] and he began devoting significant amounts of time to his collection.^[10] This made Frick one of several prominent American businessmen who also collected art, along with figures such as Henry Havemeyer and J. P. Morgan.^[11] In explaining why he collected art, Frick said, "I can make money... I cannot make pictures."^[12] He curated his collection with the help of Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen.^[13]^[14]

When the Frick family moved from Pittsburgh to New York City in 1905, they leased the William H. Vanderbilt House at 640 Fifth Avenue,^[15]^[12] and Frick expanded his collection during that time.^[16]^[17] The collection was spread across their homes in New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts.^[18] Thomas Hastings of Carrère and Hastings designed Frick's permanent house at 1 East 70th Street,^[19] which was completed in 1914.^[20] The house had been designed with the collection in mind.^[12] James Howard Bridge, Frick's personal assistant, was hired as the house's curator in 1914 and worked at the house for fourteen years.^[21]^[22] Frick, who was known for being especially particular in his tastes,^[23] spent an estimated $10 million to acquire pieces during his lifetime.^[24] Duveen opened four art-purchasing accounts for Frick, including two accounts specifically for art from Morgan's estate.^[25]

Creation

Establishment of Frick Collection Inc.

The Henry Clay Frick House as seen from across Fifth Avenue — When Frick died in 1919, he bequeathed the Henry Clay Frick House on Fifth Avenue as a public museum for his art collection.

Frick died in 1919 at the age of 69, bequeathing the house as a public museum for his art collection.^[4]^[26] His widow Adelaide Howard Childs Frick continued living in the mansion with her daughter Helen;^[27] if Adelaide died or moved away, the house would be converted to a public museum.^[28]^[29] At the time, the collection alone was worth $30 million,^[30] and Frick also provided a $15 million endowment for the maintenance of the collection.^[28] Nine people, including Adelaide, Helen, and Helen's brother Childs, were named as trustees of his estate;^[31] Childs served as the head of the Frick estate's board of trustees until his death in 1965.^[32] Per the terms of Frick's will, the trustees moved to incorporate Frick's art collection in April 1920, submitting articles of incorporation to the New York state government.^[33] The Frick Collection Inc. was incorporated that month.^[34]

The New York and Pennsylvania state governments fought over which government should collect taxes from Frick's estate.^[35] Amid this dispute, the collection was reassessed at $13 million in 1921;^[30] this figure was repeated in a revised appraisal of Frick's estate that was filed with the New York state government in 1923.^[36] Meanwhile, Helen Frick studied plans for the Witt Library in London in the early 1920s, as she wanted to create a library for Frick's personal collection.^[37] Helen catalogued most of the collection over the next decade.^[31] The Frick Art Research Library, originally named the Frick Art Reference Library, was organized at the mansion after Frick's death,^[38] and a dedicated library building opened the next year.^[39] During the 1920s, the library added thousands of volumes and photographs to its holdings.^[21]^[40] Over the years, four additional trustees had to be appointed after their predecessors died.^[27]

Opening of museum

After Adelaide Frick's death in October 1931, the trustees were finally allowed to open the house to the public;^[41] they announced in January 1933 that the collection would likely open to the public within a year.^[42]^[43] John Russell Pope was hired to alter and enlarge the house.^[44] Frederick Mortimer Clapp, who had joined the Frick Collection as an advisor in 1931,^[45] was hired as the museum's first director.^[43]^[46] Work on the mansion began in December 1933.^[47] A new library wing was constructed on 71st Street to replace the original library.^[48] Other modifications included a new storage vault and renovations of the Frick family's living space.^[49] The museum's opening, originally scheduled for 1934, was postponed because of the complexity of the construction project.^[50] The Frick estate also sued the city government in 1935 to obtain a property-tax exemption for the museum,^[51]^[52] and the taxes were waived the next year, as the Frick Collection was a public museum.^[53]

When the rebuilt library opened in January 1935,^[54] it had 200,000 photographs, 18,000 catalogs of art sales, and 45,000 books.^[55] The museum itself had a soft opening on December 11, 1935;^[56] the preview was noteworthy enough that the names of 700 visitors were published in that day's New York Herald Tribune.^[57] The Frick Collection officially opened to the public five days later on December 16.^[1] When it opened, the museum did not charge admission fees,^[27]^[58] but staff distributed timed-entry tickets to prevent crowding.^[27]^[49]^[59] Although about 600 tickets were distributed daily to people who showed up in person,^[60] other visitors had to make reservations several weeks in advance due to high demand.^[27]^[49] Ropes were placed throughout the house to force visitors to follow a specific path.^[27] The galleries were originally closed on holidays, Sundays, and for a month in the middle of the year.^[60] Artworks were arranged based on how they blended in with the house's ambiance, rather than being arranged by year.^[61]

1930s to 1960s

Within a year of the museum's opening, demand had declined enough that officials decided to scale down, and then eliminate, its timed-entry ticketing system.^[62] The ropes throughout the house were taken down, and visitors were allowed to visit the Frick House's rooms in any order.^[63]^[64] Museum officials also presented lectures five days a week during the late 1930s,^[62]^[63] and they started hosting afternoon concert series in November 1938;^[64]^[65] these concerts and lectures continued throughout Clapp's tenure at the museum.^[45] Clapp also obtained fresh flowers each day and placed them in the first-floor galleries for esthetic purposes.^[45] Three magnolia trees were planted on the grounds in 1939.^[66] To expand their land holdings, museum officials bought a neighboring townhouse at 9 East 70th Street in 1940^[67] and used that building as storage space.^[68]

Museum officials constructed a vault in 1941 to protect the artwork from air raids.^[69] During World War II, the museum continued to host visitors, but some rooms were closed,^[70] and more than five dozen paintings and all of the sculptures were moved into storage.^[71] Museum officials took these pieces out of storage in May 1945 and restored them; other artworks in the house were rearranged and cleaned as well.^[72] The Frick acquired another townhouse at 7 East 70th Street in 1947^[73] and replaced it with a service wing.^[68] By the late 1940s, the museum had cumulatively spent about $2.9 million in acquisitions since Frick's death.^[74] When John D. Rockefeller Jr. offered to donate several pieces of artwork in 1948, Helen Frick objected, arguing that the museum only accepted gifts from Frick family members.^[75] In the lawsuit that followed, a New York Supreme Court judge ruled that the terms of Frick's will did not prevent the museum from accepting external gifts;^[76] the court's Appellate Division upheld this ruling.^[77] Rockefeller, who had been on the board of trustees, resigned amid the dispute.^[12]

Clapp resigned in 1951 and was replaced by the museum's assistant director Franklin M. Biebel.^[78] Biebel established a decorative-arts conservation program, and the number of annual visitors nearly doubled under his tenure.^[79] The museum's collection remained largely unchanged over the next several years, as Helen Frick opposed any expansions, saying that her father would not have wanted items to be added.^[80] Helen resigned from the museum's board of trustees in 1961, when the board finally voted to accept Rockefeller's gift.^[81] Assistant director Harry D. M. Grier replaced Biebel, becoming the museum's third director in 1964.^[82] By the mid-1960s, the Frick had 160 portraits, 80 sculptures, and various other items in its collection. The Frick was open six days a week (except in August, when it was closed) and was still free to enter.^[83] The collection was small compared to that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which at the time had 365,000 items.^[83] Edgar Munhall was hired as the museum's first chief curator in 1965, a position he would hold for thirty-five years.^[84] As part of a master plan in 1967,^[85] the Frick's trustees drew up plans for an annex at 7 and 9 East 70th Street.^[86]

1970s to 1990s

By the early 1970s, the museum recorded about 800 daily visitors^[87] and employed 75 staff members.^[87]^[88] The next year, the museum began asking visitors to pay an optional admission fee due to rising taxes and expenses.^[89] After Grier was killed in a traffic accident in 1972,^[90] Everett Fahy was appointed as the museum's fourth director in 1973.^[91] The museum announced plans to construct an annex at 5–9 East 70th Street.^[92] After the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) expressed concerns over the fact that the expansion would require the demolition of the Widener House at 5 East 70th Street,^[93] the museum announced a plan for a "temporary garden" on the 70th Street lots, which the LPC approved.^[94] The original annex was canceled that November,^[92] and Frick officials subsequently decided to build a one-story wing on the Widener House's site.^[95] The annex had been proposed because, at the time, the mansion could accommodate only 250 people at once.^[96]

Under Fahy's tenure, the museum began hosting more temporary exhibits, which it had seldom held before Fahy took over.^[97] The Frick began charging admission for the first time in 1976.^[98] The annex was completed the next year, along with a garden,^[96]^[98] designed by British landscape architect Russell Page.^[99] The Frick renovated the Boucher Room and cleaned and rearranged its paintings during the following decade.^[100] By the mid-1980s, the museum displayed 169 works of art,^[101]^[102] and the galleries occupied 16 rooms.^[101] The museum periodically hosted chamber music performances in the Frick House's courtyard.^[103] It was relatively low-profile compared to others in New York City, only sporadically expanding its collection and hosting small temporary exhibitions.^[104] After Helen Frick died in 1984, the museum took over responsibility for the Frick Art Research Library;^[104] initially, the library had no endowment as Helen had not provided anything for the library in her will.^[105] Ceiling lights were installed in the Fragonard and Boucher rooms in the 1980s.^[106]

Charles Ryskamp, the former director of the Pierpont Morgan Library, was appointed as the Frick's fifth director in December 1986 after Fahy's resignation,^[107] though he did not assume that position for another six months.^[104] Under Ryskamp's directorship, some of the paintings were rearranged or brought out of storage.^[108] By the 1990s, the art reference library was low on funds;^[109] the library had a $25 million endowment by 1993,^[105] and the Frick began charging "frequent commercial users" of the library that year.^[110] Through the 1990s, the Frick banned all children under the age of 10, as well as unaccompanied minors between ages 10 and 15,^[111]^[112] and the museum also did not have a café.^[113] The New York City government passed a law banning public institutions from discriminating by age in 1993, which would have forced the museum to start admitting children.^[111]^[114] Museum officials requested a waiver, saying that they would have to install barriers if children were allowed,^[111]^[112] and they received such a waiver in 1995.^[115] In addition, further lighting upgrades were made in the mid-1990s.^[106]

Ryskamp announced his retirement in 1997.^[116] After Samuel Sachs II was named as the museum's sixth director that May,^[116]^[117] the trustees tasked him with raising funds.^[118] Under Sachs's directorship, the museum launched a website in the 1990s,^[119] and replaced the lighting and hosted additional special exhibitions.^[120] Sachs also contemplated expanding the exhibition space, adding a café, and relocating the entrance to the house's garden.^[119] In addition, the museum began providing complimentary audio guides for the mansion and artworks^[29]^[121] and, in the early 21st century, added the Bloomberg Connects smartphone app.^[122] Museum officials also began allowing parties to be hosted in the Frick House.^[123] A group named Friends of the Fellows of the Frick Collection was formed to raise interest in the museum.^[124]

2000s and 2010s

Colin Bailey was appointed as chief curator in 2000 after Munhall resigned.^[125] During the late 1990s, the Helen Clay Frick Foundation proposed moving its archives in Pittsburgh to the Frick Collection's archives, prompting an intra-family debate over whether the collections should be merged.^[126] The foundation's collection ultimately was split between the two cities in 2001, and most of the objects were sent to New York City.^[127] After attendance dropped following the September 11 attacks that year, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation provided $270,000, in part to fund extended hours on Fridays.^[128] Sachs announced in January 2003 that he would resign as the museum's director in eight months,^[129] as the board of trustees had not renewed his contract.^[118] At the time of Sachs's resignation, the museum recorded 350,000 annual visitors, 20 percent more than in 1997,^[129] but it was running at a $1 million annual deficit.^[130] Annexes to the museum were proposed in 2001, 2005, and 2008,^[131] but all of these plans were canceled because it would have required an extended closure of the museum and still would not have provided sufficient space.^[132]

The art scholar Anne L. Poulet was hired in August 2003 as the Frick's first female director,^[133] and the museum was reorganized as a tax-exempt public charity shortly after Poulet became the director.^[130] Under Poulet's tenure, she replaced lighting in several galleries^[130]^[134] and rearranged some of the pieces.^[130] She also raised $55 million for renovations;^[134] the museum's facilities had become dated, and the basement exhibition space was no longer sufficient.^[130] Because of the Frick's classification as a charity, the museum had to raise a third of its budget from donations.^[118] The Frick created programs to attract major donors and art collectors,^[118]^[134] and it began charging admission fees for concerts in 2005.^[135]^[136] During the 2000s decade, the Frick did not acquire many additional items.^[134] In contrast to larger museums, it generally hosted small, detailed exhibits,^[134] though the number of short-term exhibitions at the Frick increased during the decade.^[137] Further restorations of the museum's galleries took place through the late 2000s to attract visitors.^[138]

Poulet announced her retirement in September 2010,^[139] and Ian Wardropper was hired as the museum's director in 2011.^[140] A sculpture gallery, designed by Davis Brody Bond, opened at the Frick House in December 2011, becoming the first new gallery at the museum in three decades.^[141]^[142] Bailey resigned as the chief curator in 2013,^[143] and Xavier F. Salomon was hired as the chief curator the same year.^[144] During the 2010s, the Frick began raising $290 million for its renovation.^[145]^[146] The collection had reached more than 1,100 works by the mid-2010s.^[147]^[131]^[132]^[a] In addition, the museum was hosting an average of five temporary exhibits per year.^[132] The Frick House's facilities were not adequate for the museum's modern needs. For example, paintings had to be carried into the museum through the house's front door, and portraits had to be placed in storage whenever the Frick hosted a visiting show.^[85] The concerts at the museum sometimes sold out as well.^[132]

In 2014, the museum announced plans for a six-story annex on 70th Street designed by Davis Brody Bond.^[131]^[147] Russell Page's garden on 70th Street would have been demolished to make way for the annex; this prompted opposition from residents and preservationists,^[148]^[149] and the Frick announced in June 2015 that it would draw up new designs.^[150] To attract younger visitors, the museum began hosting free events in the mid-2010s,^[151] such as First Fridays.^[152] The Frick hired Annabelle Selldorf to design a revised expansion plan for the museum, which was announced in April 2018;^[153]^[154] the LPC approved Selldorf's plans that June.^[155] The Frick then sought to relocate to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum temporarily, but the Guggenheim was available for only four months.^[156] By September 2018, the Frick was negotiating to take over the Whitney Museum's space at 945 Madison Avenue;^[157] the Frick finalized a two-year lease for that building in 2020.^[158]

2020s to present

The Frick closed in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City;^[159]^[160] the opening of the temporary location was delayed due to the pandemic.^[161]^[160] The museum's collection was moved to 945 Madison Avenue, which reopened as the Frick Madison in March 2021.^[162] The Frick Madison housed the museum's old masters collection, including 104 paintings, along with sculptures, vases, and clocks.^[156] Most of the 1,500-piece collection of artwork was placed in storage at 945 Madison Avenue,^[163] and about 300 works were placed on display.^[163]^[164] At the Frick Madison, the artwork was exhibited against stark dark gray walls, in contrast to the Frick House's ornate decoration;^[163]^[156] the paintings were also grouped according to their age and region of origin.^[165]^[166]^[167] The Frick Madison also included a café.^[168]

The museum had raised $242 million for its capital campaign by the end of 2023.^[145]^[146] Wardropper announced in January 2024 that he would resign the following year, after the Frick House's renovation was complete.^[146]^[169] The Frick Madison closed on March 3, 2024.^[170]^[171] The Henry Clay Frick House and Frick Art Research Library were originally expected to reopen in late 2024,^[170]^[172] but this was later pushed back to April 2025.^[173] In September 2024, the Frick appointed Axel Rüger, the head of the Royal Academy of Arts in London, as the museum's director beginning in 2025.^[174]

Collection

The Frick has a collection of old master paintings and furniture housed in 19 galleries of varying size within the former residence.^[119] Frick ultimately acquired a variety of European paintings,^[31]^[175] Renaissance bronzes,^[43] French clocks,^[176] and a set of porcelains.^[175] Toward the end of Frick's life, he focused on porcelains, sculptures, and furniture.^[177] Although Frick made over a thousand acquisitions over his lifetime, he resold most of the things he bought.^[88] The original collection contained 635 pieces of art or decorations when Frick died.^[147] When the museum opened, it displayed 136^[59] or about 200 paintings in addition to porcelains, enamels, and bronzes.^[49] There were also 80 sculptures on display.^[60]

Helen Clay Frick and the board of trustees expanded the collection after his death; in 2006, the New York Times estimated that about 30 percent of the collection had been acquired after Frick died.^[118] Nonetheless, until 1948, the museum accepted donations of art only from Frick family members.^[74] The museum can lend works acquired after Frick's death, but not works that he owned in his lifetime;^[119]^[178]^[179] this restriction has prevented works from appearing in other museums' exhibitions.^[180] The Frick is also prohibited from selling items in its collection and seldom acquires new works. Some of the works are normally not visible to the public but can be displayed as necessary.^[181] The Frick has sometimes borrowed paintings for long periods, including a portrait of Cosimo de' Medici that was displayed in the museum from 1970 to 1989.^[182] Purchases of new art were funded by the museum's endowment until 2016, when the museum's trustees established an acquisitions fund.^[183]

As of 2021^[update], the museum has 1,500 pieces in its collection, including both paintings and other objects;^[163] it normally displays 470 objects.^[164] Prior to the museum's 2021 renovation, the artwork was displayed in 15 galleries.^[184]

Visual arts collection

Frick's collection initially consisted of salon pieces and works by Barbizon School artists,^[24]^[7] and he bought 90 paintings from Charles Carstairs between 1895 and 1900 alone.^[9] He had begun to acquire other types of paintings by the end of the 19th century,^[24]^[7] and his acquisitions during the 1900s were increasingly composed of Old Master artworks.^[23]^[185] By the early 1910s, his collection consisted largely of English and Dutch paintings, with scattered French and Spanish paintings; a magazine article from that time described him as having relatively little interest in Italian Renaissance work.^[186] The paintings ranged from the 14th to 19th centuries,^[187] and many of the paintings depicted women.^[57] There were some chronological gaps in the original collection: for example, there were no 17th-century French paintings when the museum opened, even as the museum had both older and newer French paintings.^[188]

When Frick died, he was variously cited as having collected 103,^[175] 137,^[189] "about 140",^[24] or 250 paintings.^[18] Some of the original paintings in Frick's personal collection were discovered to be forgeries after his death,^[190] while other paintings were found to be misattributed.^[191] Artists with works in the museum's collection have included:

Several artists, including Holbein, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Turner, Gainsborough, Van Dyck, Fragonard, and Boucher, painted multiple pieces that are in the collection.^[187] Included in the modern collection are Fragonard's The Progress of Love,^[203] three Vermeer paintings including Mistress and Maid, two van Ruisdael paintings including Quay at Amsterdam,^[232] El Greco's Christ Driving the Money Changers from the Temple,^[233] Titian's Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap,^[234]^[233] one of Rembrandt's self-portraits,^[102]^[235] and della Francesca's St. John the Evangelist.^[13]^[236]

Notable works in the original collection

Some of the earliest works in Frick's collection were portraits of his family, created for his Pittsburgh residence. At the beginning of the 20th century, Frick bought works such as Rembrandt's Portrait of a Young Artist^[185]^[237] (possibly the first Old Master painting in the collection^[238]), Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot's Ville d'Avray,^[237] Constant Troyon's A Pasture in Normandy,^[237] and Vermeer's Girl Interrupted at Her Music.^[185] From 1905 to 1915, Frick also acquired paintings such as Hals's Portrait of a Woman,^[239] Velázquez's Portrait of Philip IV in Fraga,^[175]^[240] Rembrandt's A Dutch Merchant,^[241] and Rembrandt's The Polish Rider.^[242]

After Frick had finished his own mansion, he brought over several paintings of his firstborn daughter Martha, who had died in her childhood.^[19] He also obtained 14 Fragonard panels from the collection of J. P. Morgan^[243]^[244] and moved the panels to his house's drawing room.^[245]^[246] At the time of the house's completion, he owned paintings by such artists as El Greco, Goya, Hals, Rembrandt, Romney, Titian, Anthony van Dyck, and Velázquez.^[246]^[247] In the late 1910s, Frick acquired additional pieces from outside the Morgan collection, such as Hans Holbein's portrait of Thomas Cromwell,^[248] Rubens's Portrait of the Marquis Ambrose de Spinola,^[249] Rembrandt's An Old Woman Reflecting Over the Lecture,^[250] and Gainsborough's Mall between 1915 and 1916 alone.^[251] He also bought four Boucher panels,^[252] although he turned down the opportunity to buy additional panels.^[253] From 1917 through 1919, Frick obtained several pieces of Boucher tapestry furniture,^[254] Van Dyck's Countess of Clanbrazil,^[255] Hals's Portrait of a Man,^[256] Vermeer's Mistress and Maid,^[256]^[257] and a Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.^[175]^[258]

Notable acquisitions after Frick's death

In the half-century after Frick died, thirty objects were added to the original collection.^[87] After Frick's death but before the opening of the current museum, the Frick estate's trustees bought the Portrait of Comtesse d'Haussonville by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,^[259] as well as a painting by Duccio and the Coronation of the Virgin by Paolo Veneziano.^[21] The Giuseppe Bastiani painting Adoration of Magi was acquired in 1935.^[8] Works by Cimabue, Duccio, della Francesca, and Filippo Lippi entered the museum's collection for the first time between 1924 and 1950.^[260] Shortly after the museum opened, it acquired items such as a Renaissance-era panel by della Francesca,^[261] a portrait that Boucher painted of his wife,^[262] Jacques-Louis David's painting of a French noblewoman,^[63]^[263] Monet's Vétheuil in Winter,^[260] and a Paul Cézanne landscape.^[264] This was followed in the 1950s by three Italian Renaissance paintings,^[265] David's portrait of Antonio Bartolomeo Bruni,^[266] and Jan van Eyck's Virgin and Child, with Saints and Donor.^[267] The collection had only one 17th-century French work until the 1960s, when the museum obtained Claude Lorrain's painting of the Sermon on the Mount;^[268] the museum also obtained della Francesca's Crucifixion during that decade.^[81]

The Frick did not acquire anything between c. 1968 and 1991, when the museum obtained its first Jean-Antoine Watteau painting, Portal of Valenciennes.^[269] The museum's other acquisitions in the 1990s and 2000s included one of Corot's oil sketches,^[270] two of Jean-Baptiste Greuze's portraits,^[271] and Gabriel de Saint-Aubin's The Private Academy.^[272] After former director Ryskamp died in 2010, he bequeathed some of his collection to the Frick.^[273] The museum's other acquisitions in the 2010s included a self-portrait by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo that had been owned by Henry Clay Frick's grandson.^[274] In 2023, the Frick obtained Giovanni Battista Moroni's painting Portrait of a Lady, the first Renaissance-era portrait of a woman in the collection.^[275]

Other objects

The modern-day museum's collection includes numerous works of sculpture and porcelain,^[29]^[2] in addition to 18th-century French furniture, Limoges enamel, and Oriental rugs.^[83]^[103]^[29] The objects in the collection include 18th-century tapestries that belonged to Louis XV and Louis XVI of France.^[276]

Frick had acquired some objects from the J. P. Morgan estate specifically to complement the visual art in his collection.^[57] Some of these acquisitions included 18th-century French sculptures and furniture,^[25] a hawthorn beaker,^[277] and Chinese porcelains.^[278] In one case, Frick paid $1.5 million for some of Morgan's 44 enamels and 225 bronzes.^[279] He also acquired 40 Limoges enamels from Morgan's collection in 1919,^[280] one of the last things he would personally purchase.^[256] Outside of the Morgan collection, Frick also bought the bronzes Bust of a Jurist by Danese Cattaneo, Antonio Galli by Federico Brandani, and Duke of Alba by Jacques Jonghelinck. Although Frick had planned a sculpture gallery to his home in the late 1910s, the lack of other statuary caused him to cancel the plan.^[281] Duveen displayed numerous marble busts in the Frick House while Frick decided whether to buy them.^[256]

A bust of Henry Clay Frick by Malvina Hoffman was gifted to the museum when it opened in 1935.^[282] Other acquisitions of sculpture in the mid-20th century included a Diana bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon,^[283] a 15th-century bronze figure of an angel,^[71] and a pair of 15th-century Italian marble busts.^[81] In the 1990s and 2000s, the Frick received Winthrop Edey's collection of timekeeping pieces,^[284] a 19th-century terracotta bust by Joseph Chinard,^[285] a marble bust by Houdon;^[284] a bust by Massimiliano Soldani Benzi,^[286] and a clock.^[284]^[134] Acquisitions since the 2010s have included 131 Meissen porcelains,^[287] as well as 28 objects from collector Alexis Gregory (including rare clocks and enamels).^[288]

Selected works

Giovanni Bellini, St. Francis in Ecstasy, 1478^[192]
Titian, Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap, c. 1516^[234]
Hans Holbein the Younger, Portrait of Thomas More, 1527^[211]
Hans Holbein the Younger, Portrait of Thomas Cromwell, 1532 or 1533^[211]
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Three Soldiers, 1568^[289]
El Greco, Saint Jerome, c. 1590–1600^[290]
Rembrandt, The Polish Rider, 1655^[291]
Rembrandt, Self-Portrait, 1658^[292]
Johannes Vermeer, Officer and Laughing Girl, 1657^[293]
Johannes Vermeer, Girl Interrupted at Her Music, 1658–1661^[294]
Johannes Vermeer, Mistress and Maid, 1667^[295]
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Spring), 1755^[296]
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Summer), 1755^[296]
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Autumn), 1755^[297]
François Boucher, The Four Seasons (Winter), 1755^[297]
John Constable, The White Horse, 1819^[298]
J. M. W. Turner, The Harbour of Dieppe, 1826^[299]
J. M. W. Turner, Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening, 1826^[300]
J. M. W. Turner, Mortlake Terrace: Early Summer Morning, 1826^[301]

Agnolo di Cosimo (Bronzino), Portrait of Ludovico Capponi, 1551^[196]
Diego Velázquez, King Philip IV of Spain, 1644^[228]
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Secret Meeting, 1771^[302]
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Progress of Love – Love Letters, 1771–1772^[303]
Francisco Goya, The Forge, 1817^[304]
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville, 1845^[259]
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mother and Children (La Promenade), 1875–76^[221]
James McNeill Whistler, Harmony in Pink and Grey (Portrait of Lady Meux), 1881^[305]
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Perseus and Andromeda, 1730–31^[306]
Hendrick van der Burgh, Drinkers before the Fireplace, 1660^[307]
Gentile Bellini, Doge Giovanni Mocenigo, 1478–1485^[308]
Thomas Lawrence, Portrait of Julia, Lady Peel, 1827^[309]

Programming and events

Temporary exhibits

The Frick Collection has historically hosted temporary exhibitions less frequently than similar museums.^[97]^[134] It initially focused almost exclusively on its permanent collection,^[310] with one temporary exhibit a year during the 1960s.^[132] Since 1972, the Frick has sometimes hosted small exhibitions on narrowly defined topics;^[310] in some cases, exhibitions have consisted of a single painting.^[120] By the 2010s, the museum hosted five exhibits a year on average,^[132] and exhibitions were scheduled several years in advance.^[311]

Late 20th century

Temporary exhibitions in the 1970s included an exhibit in honor of the museum's late director Harry D. M. Grier,^[312] bronzes by Severo Calzetta da Ravenna,^[313] and drawings by Fragonard.^[97] Topics of temporary exhibitions during the 1980s included busts by Houdon,^[314] French clocks,^[176] terracotta sculptures by Clodion,^[310] drawings by Ingres,^[315] Henry Clay Frick's earliest acquisitions,^[316] and Old Master paintings.^[317]

Especially in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the museum has hosted temporary exhibitions about singular artworks or artists.^[179] Among the items exhibited in the 1990s were works by French painter Nicolas Lancret,^[318] watercolors from the Rijksmuseum,^[319] eighteenth- and nineteenth-century drawings from the Stanford Museum,^[320] a single Claude Monet painting,^[120] drawings by German artists,^[321] and drawings by French artists.^[322] In 1999, several items in the permanent collection were taken out of storage specifically to complement an exhibition of Ingres's Portrait of Comtesse d'Haussonville.^[323]

21st century

In the early 2000s, the topics of the Frick's exhibitions included drawings in the collection of the Albertina museum,^[324] paintings from John Hay Whitney's collection,^[325] El Greco paintings,^[326] antique clocks,^[327] pieces from the Toledo Museum of Art's collection,^[328] a set of Parmigianino paintings,^[329] and three consecutive exhibits of antique bronzes.^[330] Later in the decade, the temporary exhibitions included portraits by Hans Memling,^[331] paintings by Paolo Veronese,^[332] a show of French art,^[333] the Frick's first Meissen porcelain show,^[334] pieces from the Norton Simon Museum's collection,^[335] and a single painting by Parmigianino.^[336] The Frick hosted various exhibits in honor of its 75th anniversary in 2010,^[337] including an exhibition on its own founding.^[23] Other early-2010s exhibits included works from the Dulwich Picture Gallery,^[179] works from the Courtauld Gallery,^[338] Picasso drawings,^[339] Renoir paintings,^[340] Piero della Francesca panels,^[341] and a historical overview of St. Francis in the Desert.^[342]

After some works from the Mauritshuis in The Hague were displayed at the Frick in 2013,^[343] the Frick displayed several paintings at the Mauritshuis in 2015,^[344] marking the first time that the Frick lent paintings to a European museum.^[345] During the mid- and late 2010s, the subjects of the Frick's exhibits included paintings from the Scottish National Gallery's collection,^[346] paintings from the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Florence,^[347] works by Andrea del Sarto,^[348] objects by Pierre Gouthière,^[349] and canvases by J. M. W. Turner.^[350] When the Frick moved to 945 Madison Avenue in the early 2020s, its exhibits included a showcase of Barkley Hendricks paintings (the museum's first exhibit of a black artist's art)^[351] and a pair of paintings by Giovanni Bellini and Giorgio da Castelfranco.^[352]

Other programs

The museum hosts special events,^[353] such as academic symposiums, concerts, and classes.^[184] The educational programs are led by Rika Burnham, who became head of the museum's education department in 2008.^[354] The Frick's educational programs include online visits for students at secondary schools and postsecondary institutions,^[355] as well as courses where a single piece is discussed at length.^[356] The Frick also has partnerships with local educational partnerships such as the Ghetto Film School.^[357] Docents began hosting lectures in galleries in 2010,^[57] and the museum launched a mobile app in 2014, allowing visitors to bookmark artworks in the museum's collection.^[358] After the Frick closed for renovation, museum officials launched several digital programs, including drawing classes and discussions about artwork.^[359]

Every year since 2000, the Frick hosts the Young Fellows Ball, a springtime gala for philanthropists who are largely under age 40.^[360] The museum also started hosting an annual Garden Party in 2008;^[361]^[362] the event, which began as a members-only gathering, evolved into an annual fundraiser.^[362] In 2016, the Frick introduced First Fridays, in which patrons could visit the museum for free on the first Friday of every month.^[152]^[363] First Fridays include gallery talks and activities for visitors.^[152]

The Concerts from the Frick Collection series was launched in 1938^[64]^[364] and has continued through the 20th and 21st centuries.^[365]^[366] Musicians who have performed at the Frick Collection have included Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Guarneri String Quartet, Wanda Landowska, Gregor Piatigorsky, Artur Schnabel, and Kiri Te Kanawa.^[135]^[364] The concerts were broadcast on radio starting in 1939, first on the Municipal Broadcasting System, then on American Public Radio and WNYC.^[366] Although visitors originally could listen to the concerts free of charge (even after the museum started charging an admission fee), a separate admission charge for concerts was instituted in 2005.^[135]^[136] Prior to the 2020s renovation, the concerts were hosted in the Frick House's music room.^[367]

Publications

The collection is detailed in books such as Masterpieces of the Frick Collection, first published in 1970,^[88]^[368] and Art in the Frick Collection, first published in 1996.^[369] The history of the collection was also detailed in Henry Clay Frick: An Intimate Portrait, a biography of Frick written by his great-granddaughter Martha Frick Symington Sanger in 1998.^[8]^[13]^[121] Sanger's subsequent book The Henry Clay Frick House: Architecture-Interiors—Landscapes in the Golden Era, published in 2001, described the Frick House and its collection in detail.^[370] In 2011, the Frick and the BNP Paribas Foundation published a guidebook on the collection, its history, and the Frick House.^[371] The Frick launched its Diptych series in 2017; the series consists of short books with essays that relate to paintings from the museum's collection.^[372]

Building

The museum is ordinarily located at the Henry Clay Frick House at 1 East 70th Street,^[44]^[373] which is part of Fifth Avenue's Museum Mile.^[374] The house spans an entire blockfront on Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71st Streets.^[375] The original structure from 1914 was designed by Thomas Hastings^[19] in the Beaux-Arts style.^[376] The same style is also used for the 1970s reception wing,^[376] designed by Harry Van Dyke, John Barrington Bayley, and G. Frederick Poehler.^[96] Both structures have a facade of Indiana Limestone.^[377] The house has a lawn that is mostly closed to the public.^[378]

The interiors were designed by a variety of people. The British decorator Charles Allom furnished most of the rooms on the ground floor,^[379]^[380] while the majority of the rooms on the second and third floors were decorated by Elsie de Wolfe.^[381]^[382] Charles Carstairs and Joseph Duveen provided the original decorations for the rooms.^[383]^[384] Inside the house are the museum's galleries (adapted from the old living spaces of the mansion), as well as a courtyard with reflecting pool,^[385]^[377] the latter of which is based on a Roman atrium.^[386] Some parts of the house have been modified over the years specifically to accommodate the artwork, including a room for the Fragonard panels.^[387] In addition to the artwork and artifacts on display, there are bookcases placed throughout the Frick House's rooms,^[385] and some rooms have various other pieces of furniture such as a dining table.^[187]

Frick Art Research Library

The Frick Collection oversees the Frick Art Research Library,^[388] which was established in 1920 and opened to researchers in June 1924.^[39] The library is housed at a 13-story building at 10 East 71st Street (next to the original mansion).^[39]^[147]^[389] Prior to the library building's opening, the basement bowling alley was used as storage space for the library's collection.^[18]^[390]^[389] The library has always been open to the public, except during World War II, when it was closed for six months,^[389] and during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 renovation, when it was shuttered while being moved to the Frick Madison.^[160] The library is typically open free of charge to "any adult with a serious interest in art".^[390] In the late 20th century, the library served 6,000 people a year on average, most of whom made advance reservations or requests.^[109]

Helen Frick acted as director for six decades, during which time its collection expanded to include 50,000 sales catalogs, 400,000 photographs, and 150,000 books.^[391] By the 1990s, the library had an estimated 235,000 volumes,^[109] which grew to 280,000 by the late 2000s.^[18] The collections of the library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century to the mid-twentieth century, and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials supplement its research collections.^[392] The Frick Art Research Library Photoarchive contains over a million photocopies of artwork, including objects that are not in the museum's collection.^[389]^[393]

The Frick has been part of the New York Art Resources Consortium (NYARC), which also includes the Museum of Modern Art and Brooklyn Museum, since 2007.^[394] NYARC operates Arcade, an online catalog that combines the collections of the three museums' libraries.^[394]^[395] The Center for the History of Collecting, also founded in 2007,^[396] is also part of the library.^[397] The Frick is a member of the International Consortium of Photo Archives (PHAROS), which operates a database of digitized artworks from the collections of 14 art museums.^[393]

Management

The Frick Collection is operated by a nonprofit organization of the same name, which is dedicated to conserving the artworks in the museum's collection.^[398] Axel Rüger was named the Frick's director in 2024,^[174] while Xavier F. Salomon is the chief curator.^[399] The director's position has been known as the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Director since 2020,^[400] while the chief curator's position is known as the Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator.^[401]

The museum's board of trustees originally comprised nine trustees^[31] and was largely composed of Frick family members.^[134] The board was relatively small during the 20th century, with nine trustees until the 1990s^[119] and eleven by 2003.^[353] Under Poulet's directorship, in the 2000s, the board was expanded by 10 members^[139] and was broadened to include more people from outside the Frick family.^[118]^[134] Poulet also introduced the Director's Circle, a group of 44 members who each give a minimum of $25,000 a year to the Frick Collection.^[134]^[139]

Admission and attendance

After the museum opened in 1935, it accommodated 5,000 visitors in its first week^[58] and 100,000 visitors in six months; at its peak, the museum saw 1,600 visitors in one day.^[402] At the end of 1936, the museum had seen 136,000 visitors, an average of 460 per day.^[62] In the 1970s, the museum recorded between 800^[87] and 1,500 daily visitors.^[96] The number of annual visitors averaged 250,000 by the late 1990s,^[117] and annual attendance had increased to 350,000 by the early 2000s.^[129] The Frick Collection had a typical annual attendance of up to 300,000 in the 2010s,^[146]^[403] although it recorded 420,000 visitors in 2013 due to a particularly popular exhibit there.^[404] Shows in the 2010s attracted upwards of 4,000 daily visitors.^[85]

The Frick was originally free to enter but has charged an admission fee since 1976.^[98] The museum offers pay-as-you-wish hours one day of the week, in addition to free admission on First Fridays.^[405] Free admission is also provided to members of the Frick; students and staff of certain universities in New York City; certain demographic groups such as youth, senior citizens, and people with disabilities; and other groups such as military personnel.^[406] Frick Collection members receive several membership benefits,^[407] including a queue jump for exhibits.^[408] As part of the Culture Pass program, persons with cards from New York City's public libraries^[b] could also visit the museum for free with a Culture Pass,^[409] albeit with restrictions on the number of passes distributed.^[410] Until 2019, the Frick also sold the Connoisseur Pass,^[411] which also provided admission to the Morgan Library & Museum and Neue Galerie New York.^[412]

Children under the age of 10 are not allowed inside the museum;^[115]^[184] this restriction, intended to protect the paintings, has existed ever since the museum opened in 1935.^[111]^[112] As part of the same restriction, youths between 10 and 15 years old are allowed to enter only if there is an adult with them.^[59] The museum provides guided tours to small groups and school classes.^[184] Starting in the late 1990s, the museum provided complimentary audio guides to visitors;^[29]^[121] it later added the Bloomberg Connects smartphone app.^[122]^[413] The guides are offered in several languages^[413] and consist of handsets that provide information about the artworks and the subjects of each painting.^[414] The Frick also launched its website in the late 1990s;^[119] the website has been updated several times since then.^[415]

Funding

Frick's will established a $15 million endowment fund for what would become the Frick Collection museum.^[28] At the Frick Collection Inc.'s 50th anniversary in 1970, the museum's endowment had grown to $40 million, and it received more than $1 million a year in income.^[89] By 1997, the Frick Collection had an operating budget of $10 million and an endowment of $170 million;^[116]^[117] this increased in the mid-2000s to a budget of $18.8 million and an endowment of $200 million.^[135] As of 2015, the museum had an endowment of $315 million.^[416]

Reception and commentary

20th-century commentary

In 1912, before the collection had become a museum, Town & Country magazine wrote that Frick owned "one of the greatest private collections of paintings in the world".^[186] Art World magazine said in 1917 that the Frick House contained "one of the most remarkable assemblies of old paintings in the United States belonging to a private collector", rivaling the collection of the former Lenox Library on the same site.^[417] When the Frick Collection opened to the public in 1935, a critic for The New York Times wrote that the museum's "informality in the distribution of works of art has even its amusing overtones",^[418] while another commentator in The Christian Science Monitor regarded the collection as having "long been recognized as one of the world's treasuries of art".^[60] One of the few detractors was Lewis Mumford, who felt that the other objects in the house diverted visitors' attention from the visual art.^[57]

A Los Angeles Times critic wrote in 1941 that few other art collections in the U.S. "so completely [exemplified] a great period in American art collecting".^[419] The New York Times wrote in 1969 that the Frick was one of the world's best "residence-museums" along with the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum and the Wallace Collection.^[45] A critic for the Christian Science Monitor said in 1971 that the collection's paintings seemed to fit the building because Frick had "to be sure he felt at home with them".^[7] Another critic, writing for The Post-Standard of Syracuse, New York, in 1975, praised the museum's "tranquility and superb decorative arts coupled with masterworks".^[420]

John Russell of the Times said in 1981 that "The Frick is loved for its unpushy ways, for the largesse of its hospitality and for the high quality of what it has to show."^[100] In a review for the Christian Science Monitor the same year, Madeline Lee wrote that the museum was special because of its courtyard and reflecting pool;^[421] another reviewer for the same newspaper said "The Frick is the only museum I know whose collection consists almost exclusively of great or nearly great art."^[233] GQ magazine said that "the most renowned—and probably best—combined house and art collection of a so-called 'robber baron' is that of Henry Clay Frick".^[422] Bryan Miller of the Times wrote in 1987 that there were "artistic gems in every room",^[423] and Grace Glueck of the same paper called it "the enclave of masterpieces".^[187] A Los Angeles Times critic in 1990 said the Frick Collection "represents the aristocratic aspirations of turn-of-the-century robber barons".^[424] Another New York Times critic called the museum "as frumpy and elegant as a dowager queen", describing the quality of its collection and the Frick House.^[425] A Globe and Mail reviewer said the museum was extremely peaceful and was "a more comfortable museum than most" because it used to serve as a residence.^[426]

21st-century commentary

A 2000 poll by Travel Holiday magazine ranked the Frick Collection as the third-best art museum in the U.S.^[427] Upon the museum's 75th anniversary in 2010, a Wall Street Journal critic wrote that, although the museum lacked major shows and had not undergone a high-profile renovation, it "quietly attracts a steady stream of about 300,000 visitors each year who come to see one of the most extraordinary assemblages of fine and decorative arts in the world".^[134] A reviewer for the Condé Nast Traveler wrote that the museum was "exactly the right scale, everything in the collection is worth seeing, and can be viewed in an hour or less",^[184] while a New Yorker writer said that "you feel more than welcomed—you feel invited, like a family friend" at the Frick House.^[428] A critic for the Daily Telegraph wrote in 2014 that the Frick was "the best small museum in New York, perfect if you don't fancy dealing with a crush of people at MoMA or the Met".^[429]

When the museum was temporarily relocated to 945 Madison Avenue, one critic wrote that the temporary building was "an exercise in contrasts" with the Frick House's decorations and that "the vibe here is serious and meditative".^[165] Another critic wrote for Vogue that the Frick Madison was a "shock to the senses in every way" but that "the collection comes directly to the fore" amid that building's bare walls.^[430] Writers for the Financial Times and the Wall Street Journal similarly said that the spartan setting helped highlight the collection itself.^[167]^[431]

References

Notes

^ A New York Times article from 2014 described the collection as having 1,200 works,^[131] while a Wall Street Journal article from the same year gives a figure of 1,115 works.^[132]
^ The Brooklyn Public Library, Queens Library, and New York Public Library^[409]

Citations

^ ^a ^b "Frick Art Museum Opened to Public; 750 View Superb Collection in Former Home of Donor – Same Number to See It Daily". The New York Times. December 17, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Frick Museum Opens to Public As 700 See Art: Director Calls First Day a Success; Lecture Tour Is Planned for Visitors". New York Herald Tribune. December 17, 1935. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242909040.
^ ^a ^b "The Frick Collection: About". ARTINFO. 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
^ "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Henry C. Frick Dies; Leaves Art to City; Pioneer in Steel and Coke Industry Stricken Suddenly By Heart Attack". The New York Times. December 3, 1919. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ Bailey 2006, p. 10.
^ ^a ^b Bailey 2006, pp. 10–11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chapin, Louis (July 29, 1971). "Museum Treasure Hunt: the Frick Collection". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 6. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 511241270.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dobrzynski, Judith H. (October 19, 1998). "Mourning Became Frick as an Art Collector". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Bailey 2006, p. 13.
^ "Frick Collection Belongs to Public". The Christian Science Monitor. October 5, 1931. p. 6. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 513076875.
^ Raynor, Vivien (December 13, 1987). "Art; Jersey City: Early Collector's Collection". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Maeder, Jay (February 25, 1999). "American Sepulchral: Henry Clay Frick". New York Daily News. p. 506. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lambert, Richard (January 9, 1999). "The robber baron's gift: Why did coke king Henry Frick leave his art collection to the US nation? asks Richard Lambert". Financial Times. p. 5. ProQuest 248753901.
^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (March 12, 2008). "Re-Enter the Gilded Age". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
^ "Gets Vanderbilt Twin House?". The Sun. March 22, 1905. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.
^ Gutkowski, Melanie Linn (Spring 2012). "Aspiration and Obsession; Henry Clay Frick and the W.H. Vanderbilt House and Collection". 19th Century. 32 (1): 29–30 – via Internet Archive.
^ Quodbach, Esmee (November 1, 2009). "'I want this collection to be my monument': Henry Clay Frick and the formation of The Frick Collection". Journal of the History of Collections. 21 (2): 229–240. doi:10.1093/jhc/fhp008. ISSN 0954-6650. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Shaw, Kurt (October 28, 2007). "Frick legacy: Book examines life of industrialist's daughter". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. ProQuest 382473031.
^ ^a ^b ^c Skrabec, Jr. 2014, p. 210.
^ Gray, Christopher (November 14, 2014). "The Garden at the Frick, and How It Grew". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Frick Art Listed Among World's Best Collections: Outstanding Private Accumulation Housed in Perfect Gallery, Experts Agree". New York Herald Tribune. October 6, 1931. p. 27. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114140415.
^ "Helen C. Frick Sued by Ex-curator, 73; James H. Bridge Says Daughter of Capitalist Slandered Reputation as Art Specialist". The New York Times. February 21, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gray, Christopher (April 29, 2010). "The Frick and Other Grand Private Galleries". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Masterpieces Left by Frick to Be Given to the Public". Boston Daily Globe. December 7, 1919. p. E5. ProQuest 503844676.
^ ^a ^b Bailey 2006, p. 76.
^ "Henry Clay Frick, Pioneer Iron Master and Famous Art Collector, Passes Away". Buffalo Courier. December 3, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Art: Elaborately Guarded Frick Collection Open After 16 Years". Newsweek. Vol. 6, no. 24. December 14, 1935. p. 19. ProQuest 1796842053.
^ ^a ^b ^c "$136,000,000 Left by Frick". Times Union. December 7, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "$65,000,000 for New York Art Gallery". New-York Tribune. December 7, 1919. pp. 1, 13. ISSN 1941-0646. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Andre, Mila (December 17, 1999). "Museo Drive". New York Daily News. p. 97. ISSN 2692-1251. ProQuest 313742866.
^ ^a ^b "Frick Art Values Shrink $17,000,000; Collection Originally Estimated at $30,000,000 Appraised in 1919 at $13,000,000". The New York Times. May 28, 1921. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Value of Frick's Art Collection Shrinks Over 50%". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 28, 1921. p. 1. ISSN 1085-6706. ProQuest 174841032.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Art Fortune Goes to Public By Death of Mrs. H. C. Frick: Fifth Avenue Mansion and Collection of Old Masters, Valued Up to $30,000,000, May Become Museum Under Steel Man's Will". New York Herald Tribune. October 5, 1931. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114223395.
^ "Childs Frick, 81, Art Patron, Managed Frick Collection". Newsday. May 10, 1965. p. 34. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 915250229; "Childs Frick Dies; Paleontologist: Millionaire Museum Aide Headed Art Collection". The New York Times. May 10, 1965. p. 33. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 116840755.
^ "Frick Collection Plans; Incorporation Sought in Order to Carry Out Provisions of Will". The New York Times. April 8, 1920. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Bill Incorporates Frick Collection". New York Herald. April 8, 1920. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ "Frick Art Collection Is Incorporated". Press and Sun-Bulletin. April 15, 1920. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ "2 States Fight to Set Big Frick Estate Tax; Surrogate Reserves Decision on Application to Have Financier Declared New York Resident". The New York Times. June 15, 1921. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ "$92,953,552 Total H. C. Frick Estate; Only $20,932,905 of Realty and Personal Property Is Tax- able in New York". The New York Times. March 2, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ Grant, Jane (August 14, 1921). "Society Oracle". The Buffalo Times. p. 39. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ "Henry Clay Frick Reference Library Nearing Completion: Collection Ultimately Will Contain Photographic Reproduction of Ancient and Modern Art Works". St. Louis Post – Dispatch. February 23, 1922. p. 18. ProQuest 578830122; "Frick Library Gives Key to World's Art". New York Herald. February 23, 1922. p. 11. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c Howell, Hannah Johnson (1951). "The Frick Art Reference Library". College Art Journal. 11 (2). [College Art Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.]: 123–126. doi:10.2307/772702. ISSN 1543-6322. JSTOR 772702. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ "Histories of Family Portraits Sought by Frick Art Library: Home of Great Collection of Portrait Photographs A Secluded Place to Study". The Christian Science Monitor. July 29, 1927. p. 5B. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 512180943.
^ "Mrs. Frick Estate Goes to Children; Son and Daughter Divide Bulk of $6,000,000 in Will Filed at Pittsburgh". The New York Times. October 9, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Death of Mrs. Frick Gives Art Gallery to New York: Collection and House Containing it, Valued at $50,000,000". The Washington Post. October 5, 1931. p. 1. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 150128901.
^ "Frick Art Collection Will Be Put On Public Display Within Year: $2,000,000 5th Ave. Chateau Housing Treasures To Be Made a Museum". New York Herald Tribune. January 19, 1933. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1221650499.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Public to Receive Frick Art in Fall; Trustees of His $50,000,000 Collection Will Open Centre in Fifth Avenue Home". The New York Times. January 19, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Horsley, Carter B. (December 17, 1969). "Frederick Clapp of Frick Museum; Founding Director, 90, Dies – Organized Art Treasure". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
^ Bailey 2006, p. 99.
^ "Frick Mansion To Be Altered Into Museum: Workmen Already Busy Remodeling House at 5th Av. and 71st St. for Art". New York Herald Tribune. December 3, 1933. p. 24. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114674666.
^ "New Frick Library to Open in October; Structure in 71st Street Will Contain Noted Collection of Art Photographs". The New York Times. July 1, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rhodenbaugh, Harold (December 15, 1935). "$50,000,000 Frick Art Collection Opens to Public View Tomorrow in New York: His Mansion Is Converted Into Museum Cultural World Eager to See Fabulous Works of Masters. Death of Industrial Titan's Widow Permits Release of Legacy". The Washington Post. p. SS5. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 150577112.
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Sources

Bailey, Colin B. (2006). Building the Frick Collection: An Introduction to the House and Its Collections. Scala Arts Publishers Inc. ISBN 978-0-912114-30-9.
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White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.

External links

[148] A New York Times article from 2014 described the collection as having 1,200 works,^[131] while a Wall Street Journal article from the same year gives a figure of 1,115 works.^[132]

[411] The Brooklyn Public Library, Queens Library, and New York Public Library^[409]

[The_New_York_Times_1935_r493-1] "Frick Art Museum Opened to Public; 750 View Superb Collection in Former Home of Donor – Same Number to See It Daily". The New York Times. December 17, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024; "Frick Museum Opens to Public As 700 See Art: Director Calls First Day a Success; Lecture Tour Is Planned for Visitors". New York Herald Tribune. December 17, 1935. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242909040.

[FC:_About-2] "The Frick Collection: About". ARTINFO. 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2022.

[3] "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

[nyt-1919-12-03-4] "Henry C. Frick Dies; Leaves Art to City; Pioneer in Steel and Coke Industry Stricken Suddenly By Heart Attack". The New York Times. December 3, 1919. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

[Bailey_p._10-5] Bailey 2006, p. 10.

[Bailey_pp._10–11-6] Bailey 2006, pp. 10–11.

[p511241270-7] Chapin, Louis (July 29, 1971). "Museum Treasure Hunt: the Frick Collection". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 6. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 511241270.

[Dobrzynski_1998_j766-8] Dobrzynski, Judith H. (October 19, 1998). "Mourning Became Frick as an Art Collector". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.

[Bailey_p._13-9] Bailey 2006, p. 13.

[The_Christian_Science_Monitor_1931-10] "Frick Collection Belongs to Public". The Christian Science Monitor. October 5, 1931. p. 6. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 513076875.

[11] Raynor, Vivien (December 13, 1987). "Art; Jersey City: Early Collector's Collection". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.

[n140331240-12] Maeder, Jay (February 25, 1999). "American Sepulchral: Henry Clay Frick". New York Daily News. p. 506. ISSN 2692-1251. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024 – via newspapers.com.

[p248753901-13] Lambert, Richard (January 9, 1999). "The robber baron's gift: Why did coke king Henry Frick leave his art collection to the US nation? asks Richard Lambert". Financial Times. p. 5. ProQuest 248753901.

[Fabrikant_2008_p045-14] Fabrikant, Geraldine (March 12, 2008). "Re-Enter the Gilded Age". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024.

[15] "Gets Vanderbilt Twin House?". The Sun. March 22, 1905. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021 – via newspapers.com.

[Gutkowski-16] Gutkowski, Melanie Linn (Spring 2012). "Aspiration and Obsession; Henry Clay Frick and the W.H. Vanderbilt House and Collection". 19th Century. 32 (1): 29–30 – via Internet Archive.

[17] Quodbach, Esmee (November 1, 2009). "'I want this collection to be my monument': Henry Clay Frick and the formation of The Frick Collection". Journal of the History of Collections. 21 (2): 229–240. doi:10.1093/jhc/fhp008. ISSN 0954-6650. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

[p382473031-18] Shaw, Kurt (October 28, 2007). "Frick legacy: Book examines life of industrialist's daughter". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. ProQuest 382473031.

[Skrabec_2014_p._210-19] Skrabec, Jr. 2014, p. 210.

[nyt-2014-11-14-20] Gray, Christopher (November 14, 2014). "The Garden at the Frick, and How It Grew". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

[New_York_Herald_Tribune_1931-21] "Frick Art Listed Among World's Best Collections: Outstanding Private Accumulation Housed in Perfect Gallery, Experts Agree". New York Herald Tribune. October 6, 1931. p. 27. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114140415.

[The_New_York_Times_1932_o394-22] "Helen C. Frick Sued by Ex-curator, 73; James H. Bridge Says Daughter of Capitalist Slandered Reputation as Art Specialist". The New York Times. February 21, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

[Gray_2010_q262-23] Gray, Christopher (April 29, 2010). "The Frick and Other Grand Private Galleries". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2024.

[p503844676-24] "Masterpieces Left by Frick to Be Given to the Public". Boston Daily Globe. December 7, 1919. p. E5. ProQuest 503844676.

[Bailey_p._76-25] Bailey 2006, p. 76.

[26] "Henry Clay Frick, Pioneer Iron Master and Famous Art Collector, Passes Away". Buffalo Courier. December 3, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.

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[Times_Union_1919-28] "$136,000,000 Left by Frick". Times Union. December 7, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com; "$65,000,000 for New York Art Gallery". New-York Tribune. December 7, 1919. pp. 1, 13. ISSN 1941-0646. Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 – via newspapers.com.

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[nyt-1966-09-24-79] "Franklin Biebel of the Frick Dies; Directed Art Collection Left by Steel Magnate 13 Years". The New York Times. September 24, 1966. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.

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@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | location        = [[Henry Clay Frick House|1 East 70th Street]]<br />[[Manhattan]], New York, U.S.
 | type            = [[Art]]<ref name="FC: About">{{Cite web |title=The Frick Collection: About |publisher=ARTINFO |year=2008 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/galleryguide/22132/8650/about/the-frick-collection-new-york/ |access-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005060042/http://www.artinfo.com/galleryguide/22132/8650/about/the-frick-collection-new-york/ |archive-date=October 5, 2008}}</ref>
 | visitors        =
-| director        = Ian Wardropper
+| director        = Axel Rüger
 | curator         =
 | publictransit   = [[New York City Subway|Subway]]: {{NYCS Lexington local day|time=bullets}} at [[68th Street–Hunter College (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)|68th Street–Hunter College]]<br />[[MTA Regional Bus Operations|Bus]]: {{NYC bus link|M1|M2|M3|M4|M66|M72|M98|M101|M102|M103}}<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|M}}</ref>
 | website         = {{official URL}}
 }}
-The '''Frick Collection''' (colloquially known as '''the Frick''') is an [[art museum]] on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. It was established in 1935 to preserve the art collection of the industrialist [[Henry Clay Frick]]. The museum consists of 14th- to 19th-century European paintings, as well as other pieces of European fine and decorative art. It is located at the [[Henry Clay Frick House]], a [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] mansion designed for Henry Clay Frick. The Frick also houses the [[Frick Art Reference Library]], an art history research center established by Frick's daughter [[Helen Clay Frick]] in 1920, which contains sales catalogs, books, periodicals, and photographs.
+The '''Frick Collection''' (colloquially known as '''the Frick''') is an [[art museum]] on the [[Upper East Side]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. It was established in 1935 to preserve the art collection of the industrialist [[Henry Clay Frick]]. The [[collection (museum)|collection]] consists of 14th- to 19th-century European paintings, as well as other pieces of European fine and decorative art. It is located at the [[Henry Clay Frick House]], a [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] mansion designed for Henry Clay Frick. The Frick also houses the [[Frick Art Research Library]], an art history research center established by Frick's daughter [[Helen Clay Frick]] in 1920, which contains sales catalogs, books, periodicals, and photographs.
-The museum dates to 1920, when the trustees of Frick's estate formed the Frick Collection Inc. to care for his art collection, which he had bequeathed for public use. After Frick's wife Adelaide Frick died in 1931, [[John Russell Pope]] converted the Frick House into a museum, which opened on December 16, 1935. The museum acquired additional works of art over the years, and it expanded the house in 1977 to accommodate increasing visitation. Following fundraising campaigns in the 2000s, a further expansion was announced in the 2010s. From 2021 until March 2024, during the renovation of the Frick House, the Frick Madison operated at [[945 Madison Avenue]]. The Frick House is scheduled to reopen in late 2024.
+The museum dates to 1920, when the trustees of Frick's estate formed the Frick Collection Inc. to care for his art collection, which he had bequeathed for public use. After Frick's wife Adelaide Frick died in 1931, [[John Russell Pope]] converted the Frick House into a museum, which opened on December 16, 1935. The museum acquired additional works of art over the years, and it expanded the house in 1977 to accommodate increasing visitation. Following fundraising campaigns in the 2000s, a further expansion was announced in the 2010s. From 2021 until March 2024, during the renovation of the Frick House, the Frick Madison operated at [[945 Madison Avenue]]. The Frick House is scheduled to reopen in April 2025.
-The Frick has about 1,500 pieces in its collection as of 2021. Artists with works in the collection include [[Giovanni Bellini|Bellini]], [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]], [[Goya]], [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Holbein]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Titian]], [[J. M. W. Turner|Turner]], [[Velázquez]], [[Vermeer]], and [[James Whistler|Whistler]]. The museum has gradually acquired additional pieces over the years to supplement the paintings in Frick's original collection. In addition to its permanent collection, the museum has hosted small temporary exhibitions on narrowly defined topics, as well as [[Academic conference|academic symposiums]], concerts, and classes. The Frick Collection typically has up to 300,000 visitors annually and has an endowment fund to support its programming. Commentary on the museum over the years has been largely positive, particularly in relation to the works themselves and their juxtaposition with the Frick House.
+The Frick has about 1,500 pieces in its collection as of 2021. Artists with works in the collection include [[Giovanni Bellini|Bellini]], [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]], [[Francisco Goya|Goya]], [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Holbein]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Titian]], [[J. M. W. Turner|Turner]], [[Diego Velázquez|Velázquez]], [[Johannes Vermeer|Vermeer]], and [[James Whistler|Whistler]]. The museum has gradually acquired additional pieces over the years to supplement the paintings in Frick's original collection. In addition to its permanent collection, the museum has hosted small temporary exhibitions on narrowly defined topics, as well as [[Academic conference|academic symposiums]], concerts, and classes. The Frick Collection typically has up to 300,000 visitors annually and has an endowment fund to support its programming. Commentary on the museum over the years has been largely positive, particularly in relation to the works themselves and their juxtaposition with the Frick House.
 == History ==
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 Frick died in 1919 at the age of 69, bequeathing the house as a public museum for his art collection.<ref name="nyt-1919-12-03" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 3, 1919 |title=Henry Clay Frick, Pioneer Iron Master and Famous Art Collector, Passes Away |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/buffalo-courier-henry-clay-frick-pionee/139832346/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=Buffalo Courier |pages=1 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204740/https://www.newspapers.com/article/buffalo-courier-henry-clay-frick-pionee/139832346/ |url-status=live}}</ref> His widow [[Adelaide Howard Childs Frick]] continued living in the mansion with her daughter [[Helen Clay Frick|Helen]];<ref name="Newsweek 1935">{{cite magazine |date=December 14, 1935 |title=Art: Elaborately Guarded Frick Collection Open After 16 Years |magazine=Newsweek |page=19 |volume=6 |issue=24 |id={{ProQuest|1796842053}}}}</ref> if Adelaide died or moved away, the house would be converted to a public museum.<ref name="Times Union 1919">{{Cite news |date=December 7, 1919 |title=$136,000,000 Left by Frick |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-136000000-left-by-frick/139832798/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=Times Union |pages=1 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204742/https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-136000000-left-by-frick/139832798/ |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=December 7, 1919 |title=$65,000,000 for New York Art Gallery |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-tribune-65000000-for-new-yor/139832659/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=New-York Tribune |issn=1941-0646 |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-tribune-65000000-for-new-yor/139832710/ 13] |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204744/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-tribune-65000000-for-new-yor/139832659/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p3137428662">{{cite news |last=Andre |first=Mila |date=December 17, 1999 |title=Museo Drive |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |page=97 |id={{ProQuest|313742866}}}}</ref> At the time, the collection alone was worth $30 million,<ref name="The New York Times 1921 w450">{{cite web |date=May 28, 1921 |title=Frick Art Values Shrink $17,000,000; Collection Originally Estimated at $30,000,000 Appraised in 1919 at $13,000,000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/05/28/archives/frick-art-values-shrink-17000000-collection-originally-estimated-at.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211651/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/05/28/archives/frick-art-values-shrink-17000000-collection-originally-estimated-at.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=May 28, 1921 |title=Value of Frick's Art Collection Shrinks Over 50% |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |page=1 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|174841032}}}}</ref> and Frick also provided a $15 million endowment for the maintenance of the collection.<ref name="Times Union 1919" /> Nine people, including Adelaide, Helen, and Helen's brother [[Childs Frick|Childs]], were named as trustees of his estate;<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1931 |title=Art Fortune Goes to Public By Death of Mrs. H. C. Frick: Fifth Avenue Mansion and Collection of Old Masters, Valued Up to $30,000,000, May Become Museum Under Steel Man's Will |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1114223395}}}}</ref> Childs served as the head of the Frick estate's board of trustees until his death in 1965.<ref name="p915250229">{{cite news |date=May 10, 1965 |title=Childs Frick, 81, Art Patron, Managed Frick Collection |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |page=34 |id={{ProQuest|915250229}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |date=May 10, 1965 |title=Childs Frick Dies; Paleontologist: Millionaire Museum Aide Headed Art Collection |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |page=33 |id={{ProQuest|116840755}}}}</ref> Per the terms of Frick's will, the trustees moved to incorporate Frick's art collection in April 1920, submitting [[articles of incorporation]] to the New York state government.<ref name="The New York Times 1920 p230">{{cite web |date=April 8, 1920 |title=Frick Collection Plans; Incorporation Sought in Order to Carry Out Provisions of Will. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/04/08/archives/frick-collection-plans-incorporation-sought-in-order-to-carry-out.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211652/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/04/08/archives/frick-collection-plans-incorporation-sought-in-order-to-carry-out.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=April 8, 1920 |title=Bill Incorporates Frick Collection |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-bill-incorporates-frick/139836783/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=New York Herald |pages=3 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211651/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-bill-incorporates-frick/139836783/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Collection Inc. was incorporated that month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 1920 |title=Frick Art Collection Is Incorporated |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-and-sun-bulletin-frick-art-collect/139835814/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=Press and Sun-Bulletin |pages=3 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211652/https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-and-sun-bulletin-frick-art-collect/139835814/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
-The New York and Pennsylvania state governments fought over which government should collect taxes from Frick's estate.<ref name="The New York Times 1921 t342">{{cite web |date=June 15, 1921 |title=2 States Fight to Set Big Frick Estate Tax; Surrogate Reserves Decision on Application to Have Financier Declared New York Resident. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/06/15/archives/2-states-fight-to-set-big-frick-estate-tax-surrogate-reserves.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211652/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/06/15/archives/2-states-fight-to-set-big-frick-estate-tax-surrogate-reserves.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Amid this dispute, the collection was reassessed at $13 million in 1921;<ref name="The New York Times 1921 w450" /> this figure was repeated in a revised appraisal of Frick's estate that was filed with the New York state government in 1923.<ref name="The New York Times 1923 v253">{{cite web |date=March 2, 1923 |title=$92,953,552 Total H. C. Frick Estate; Only $20,932,905 of Realty and Personal Property Is Tax- able in New York. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/02/archives/92953552-total-hc-frick-estate-only-20932905-of-realty-and-personal.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211653/https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/02/archives/92953552-total-hc-frick-estate-only-20932905-of-realty-and-personal.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, Helen Frick studied plans for the [[Witt Library]] in London in the early 1920s, as she wanted to create a library for Frick's personal collection.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Jane |date=August 14, 1921 |title=Society Oracle |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-times-society-oracle/139838196/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=The Buffalo Times |pages=39 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221003/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-times-society-oracle/139838196/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Helen catalogued most of the collection over the next decade.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a" /> The [[Frick Art Reference Library]] was organized at the mansion after Frick's death,<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 23, 1922 |title=Henry Clay Frick Reference Library Nearing Completion: Collection Ultimately Will Contain Photographic Reproduction of Ancient and Modern Art Works |work=St. Louis Post – Dispatch |page=18 |id={{ProQuest|578830122}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 23, 1922 |title=Frick Library Gives Key to World's Art |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-library-gives-key/139833125/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=New York Herald |pages=11 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204743/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-library-gives-key/139833125/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and a dedicated library building opened the next year.<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126" /> During the 1920s, the library added thousands of volumes and photographs to its holdings.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931" /><ref>{{cite news |date=July 29, 1927 |title=Histories of Family Portraits Sought by Frick Art Library: Home of Great Collection of Portrait Photographs A Secluded Place to Study |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=5B |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|512180943}}}}</ref> Over the years, four additional trustees had to be appointed after their predecessors died.<ref name="Newsweek 1935" />
+The New York and Pennsylvania state governments fought over which government should collect taxes from Frick's estate.<ref name="The New York Times 1921 t342">{{cite web |date=June 15, 1921 |title=2 States Fight to Set Big Frick Estate Tax; Surrogate Reserves Decision on Application to Have Financier Declared New York Resident. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/06/15/archives/2-states-fight-to-set-big-frick-estate-tax-surrogate-reserves.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211652/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/06/15/archives/2-states-fight-to-set-big-frick-estate-tax-surrogate-reserves.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Amid this dispute, the collection was reassessed at $13 million in 1921;<ref name="The New York Times 1921 w450" /> this figure was repeated in a revised appraisal of Frick's estate that was filed with the New York state government in 1923.<ref name="The New York Times 1923 v253">{{cite web |date=March 2, 1923 |title=$92,953,552 Total H. C. Frick Estate; Only $20,932,905 of Realty and Personal Property Is Tax- able in New York. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/02/archives/92953552-total-hc-frick-estate-only-20932905-of-realty-and-personal.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129211653/https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/02/archives/92953552-total-hc-frick-estate-only-20932905-of-realty-and-personal.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, Helen Frick studied plans for the [[Witt Library]] in London in the early 1920s, as she wanted to create a library for Frick's personal collection.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Jane |date=August 14, 1921 |title=Society Oracle |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-times-society-oracle/139838196/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=The Buffalo Times |pages=39 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221003/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-times-society-oracle/139838196/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Helen catalogued most of the collection over the next decade.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a" /> The [[Frick Art Research Library]], originally named the Frick Art Reference Library, was organized at the mansion after Frick's death,<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 23, 1922 |title=Henry Clay Frick Reference Library Nearing Completion: Collection Ultimately Will Contain Photographic Reproduction of Ancient and Modern Art Works |work=St. Louis Post – Dispatch |page=18 |id={{ProQuest|578830122}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 23, 1922 |title=Frick Library Gives Key to World's Art |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-library-gives-key/139833125/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=New York Herald |pages=11 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204743/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-library-gives-key/139833125/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and a dedicated library building opened the next year.<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126" /> During the 1920s, the library added thousands of volumes and photographs to its holdings.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931" /><ref>{{cite news |date=July 29, 1927 |title=Histories of Family Portraits Sought by Frick Art Library: Home of Great Collection of Portrait Photographs A Secluded Place to Study |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=5B |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|512180943}}}}</ref> Over the years, four additional trustees had to be appointed after their predecessors died.<ref name="Newsweek 1935" />
 ==== Opening of museum ====
-After Adelaide Frick's death in October 1931, the trustees were finally allowed to open the house to the public;<ref name="The New York Times 1931 x3562">{{cite web |date=October 9, 1931 |title=Mrs. Frick Estate Goes to Children; Son and Daughter Divide Bulk of $6,000,000 in Will Filed at Pittsburgh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/09/archives/mrs-frick-estate-goes-to-children-son-and-daughter-divide-bulk-of.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221003/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/09/archives/mrs-frick-estate-goes-to-children-son-and-daughter-divide-bulk-of.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=October 5, 1931 |title=Death of Mrs. Frick Gives Art Gallery to New York: Collection and House Containing it, Valued at $50,000,000 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=1 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|150128901}}}}</ref> they announced in January 1933 that the collection would likely open to the public within a year.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1933">{{cite news |date=January 19, 1933 |title=Frick Art Collection Will Be Put On Public Display Within Year: $2,000,000 5th Ave. Chateau Housing Treasures To Be Made a Museum |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221650499}}}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798">{{cite web |date=January 19, 1933 |title=Public to Receive Frick Art in Fall; Trustees of His $50,000,000 Collection Will Open Centre in Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/19/archives/public-to-receive-frick-art-in-fall-trustees-of-his-50000000.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225000/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/19/archives/public-to-receive-frick-art-in-fall-trustees-of-his-50000000.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Russell Pope]] was hired to alter and enlarge the house.<ref name="nycland">{{cite nycland |pages=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Guide_to_New_York_City_Landmarks/AwYcSFtdE_AC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA163&printsec=frontcover 162–163]}}</ref> [[Frederick Mortimer Clapp]], who had joined the Frick Collection as an advisor in 1931,<ref name="nyt-1969-12-17">{{Cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter B. |date=December 17, 1969 |title=Frederick Clapp of Frick Museum; Founding Director, 90, Dies – Organized Art Treasure |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/17/archives/frederick-clapp-of-frick-museum-founding-director-90-dies-organized.html |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180816/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/17/archives/frederick-clapp-of-frick-museum-founding-director-90-dies-organized.html |url-status=live}}</ref> was hired as the museum's first director.<ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798" /><ref name="Bailey p. 99">{{harvnb|ps=.|Bailey|2006|page=99}}</ref> Work on the mansion began in December 1933.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 3, 1933 |title=Frick Mansion To Be Altered Into Museum: Workmen Already Busy Remodeling House at 5th Av. and 71st St. for Art |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=24 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1114674666}}}}</ref> A new library wing was constructed on 71st Street to replace the original library.<ref name="The New York Times 1934 c417">{{cite web |date=July 1, 1934 |title=New Frick Library to Open in October; Structure in 71st Street Will Contain Noted Collection of Art Photographs. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/07/01/archives/new-frick-library-to-open-in-october-structure-in-71st-street-will.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225004/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/07/01/archives/new-frick-library-to-open-in-october-structure-in-71st-street-will.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Other modifications included a new storage vault and renovations of the Frick family's living space.<ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935">{{cite news |last=Rhodenbaugh |first=Harold |date=December 15, 1935 |title=$50,000,000 Frick Art Collection Opens to Public View Tomorrow in New York: His Mansion Is Converted Into Museum Cultural World Eager to See Fabulous Works of Masters. Death of Industrial Titan's Widow Permits Release of Legacy. |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=SS5 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|150577112}}}}</ref> The museum's opening, originally scheduled for 1934, was postponed because of the complexity of the construction project.<ref name="The New York Times 1934 f332">{{cite web |date=February 22, 1934 |title=Frick Art Showing Delayed Till Fall; Unexpected Difficulties Are Met in Turning Residence Into Public Gallery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/22/archives/frick-art-showing-delayed-till-fall-unexpected-difficulties-are-met.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225003/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/22/archives/frick-art-showing-delayed-till-fall-unexpected-difficulties-are-met.html |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>  The Frick estate also sued the city government in 1935 to obtain a property-tax exemption for the museum,<ref>{{cite news |date=June 18, 1935 |title=Frick Gallery Sues for City Tax Exemption: Asks Court to Void 5 Million Assessment on Plea Art Was Willed to Public Library Is Included Justice Walsh Sets Sept. 30 for Hearing of Plea |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=17 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221591498}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 18, 1935 |title=Frick Art Gallery Asks Tax Exemption; Fights $5,000,000 Assessment and Gets Order for Review – University Club Acts, Too. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/06/18/archives/frick-art-gallery-asks-tax-exemption-fights-5000000-assessment-and.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201014800/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/06/18/archives/frick-art-gallery-asks-tax-exemption-fights-5000000-assessment-and.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and the taxes were waived the next year, as the Frick Collection was a public museum.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 22, 1936 |title=Tax Exemption On the Morgan Library Ended: $12,000,000 Collection of Art and Books Not Open to the Public, City Rules $48,000 Already Due Frick Gallery Need Not Pay Levies, Windels Holds |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=17 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1237440297}}}}</ref>[[File:Frick Art Reference Library - interior.jpg|thumb|alt=View of the Frick Art Reference Library's interior|The Frick Art Reference Library reopened in 1935.]]
+After Adelaide Frick's death in October 1931, the trustees were finally allowed to open the house to the public;<ref name="The New York Times 1931 x3562">{{cite web |date=October 9, 1931 |title=Mrs. Frick Estate Goes to Children; Son and Daughter Divide Bulk of $6,000,000 in Will Filed at Pittsburgh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/09/archives/mrs-frick-estate-goes-to-children-son-and-daughter-divide-bulk-of.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221003/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/09/archives/mrs-frick-estate-goes-to-children-son-and-daughter-divide-bulk-of.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=October 5, 1931 |title=Death of Mrs. Frick Gives Art Gallery to New York: Collection and House Containing it, Valued at $50,000,000 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=1 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|150128901}}}}</ref> they announced in January 1933 that the collection would likely open to the public within a year.<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1933">{{cite news |date=January 19, 1933 |title=Frick Art Collection Will Be Put On Public Display Within Year: $2,000,000 5th Ave. Chateau Housing Treasures To Be Made a Museum |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221650499}}}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798">{{cite web |date=January 19, 1933 |title=Public to Receive Frick Art in Fall; Trustees of His $50,000,000 Collection Will Open Centre in Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/19/archives/public-to-receive-frick-art-in-fall-trustees-of-his-50000000.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225000/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/19/archives/public-to-receive-frick-art-in-fall-trustees-of-his-50000000.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Russell Pope]] was hired to alter and enlarge the house.<ref name="nycland">{{cite nycland |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AwYcSFtdE_AC&pg=PA163 162–163]}}</ref> [[Frederick Mortimer Clapp]], who had joined the Frick Collection as an advisor in 1931,<ref name="nyt-1969-12-17">{{Cite news |last=Horsley |first=Carter B. |date=December 17, 1969 |title=Frederick Clapp of Frick Museum; Founding Director, 90, Dies – Organized Art Treasure |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/17/archives/frederick-clapp-of-frick-museum-founding-director-90-dies-organized.html |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180816/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/17/archives/frederick-clapp-of-frick-museum-founding-director-90-dies-organized.html |url-status=live}}</ref> was hired as the museum's first director.<ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798" /><ref name="Bailey p. 99">{{harvnb|ps=.|Bailey|2006|page=99}}</ref> Work on the mansion began in December 1933.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 3, 1933 |title=Frick Mansion To Be Altered Into Museum: Workmen Already Busy Remodeling House at 5th Av. and 71st St. for Art |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=24 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1114674666}}}}</ref> A new library wing was constructed on 71st Street to replace the original library.<ref name="The New York Times 1934 c417">{{cite web |date=July 1, 1934 |title=New Frick Library to Open in October; Structure in 71st Street Will Contain Noted Collection of Art Photographs. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/07/01/archives/new-frick-library-to-open-in-october-structure-in-71st-street-will.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225004/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/07/01/archives/new-frick-library-to-open-in-october-structure-in-71st-street-will.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Other modifications included a new storage vault and renovations of the Frick family's living space.<ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935">{{cite news |last=Rhodenbaugh |first=Harold |date=December 15, 1935 |title=$50,000,000 Frick Art Collection Opens to Public View Tomorrow in New York: His Mansion Is Converted Into Museum Cultural World Eager to See Fabulous Works of Masters. Death of Industrial Titan's Widow Permits Release of Legacy. |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=SS5 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|150577112}}}}</ref> The museum's opening, originally scheduled for 1934, was postponed because of the complexity of the construction project.<ref name="The New York Times 1934 f332">{{cite web |date=February 22, 1934 |title=Frick Art Showing Delayed Till Fall; Unexpected Difficulties Are Met in Turning Residence Into Public Gallery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/22/archives/frick-art-showing-delayed-till-fall-unexpected-difficulties-are-met.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225003/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/22/archives/frick-art-showing-delayed-till-fall-unexpected-difficulties-are-met.html |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>  The Frick estate also sued the city government in 1935 to obtain a property-tax exemption for the museum,<ref>{{cite news |date=June 18, 1935 |title=Frick Gallery Sues for City Tax Exemption: Asks Court to Void 5 Million Assessment on Plea Art Was Willed to Public Library Is Included Justice Walsh Sets Sept. 30 for Hearing of Plea |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=17 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221591498}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 18, 1935 |title=Frick Art Gallery Asks Tax Exemption; Fights $5,000,000 Assessment and Gets Order for Review – University Club Acts, Too. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/06/18/archives/frick-art-gallery-asks-tax-exemption-fights-5000000-assessment-and.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201014800/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/06/18/archives/frick-art-gallery-asks-tax-exemption-fights-5000000-assessment-and.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and the taxes were waived the next year, as the Frick Collection was a public museum.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 22, 1936 |title=Tax Exemption On the Morgan Library Ended: $12,000,000 Collection of Art and Books Not Open to the Public, City Rules $48,000 Already Due Frick Gallery Need Not Pay Levies, Windels Holds |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=17 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1237440297}}}}</ref>[[File:Frick Art Reference Library - interior.jpg|thumb|alt=View of the Frick Art Research Library's interior|The Frick Art Research Library reopened in 1935.]]
 When the rebuilt library opened in January 1935,<ref name="The New York Times 1935 d548">{{cite web |date=January 15, 1935 |title=New Frick Library Opened to Students; Art Reference Centre Resumes Service After Moving Into $850,000 Building. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/01/15/archives/new-frick-library-opened-to-students-art-reference-centre-resumes.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225002/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/01/15/archives/new-frick-library-opened-to-students-art-reference-centre-resumes.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=January 6, 1935 |title=Frick Library Of Art Opens in Its New Home: Pre-View Held in 7-Story Building Housing 200,000 Pictorial Reproductions Adjoins Site of Gallery $50,000,000 Collection To Be on Exhibition Soon Views of the Imposing New Frick Art Reference Library |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=25 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1223551353}}}}</ref> it had 200,000 photographs, 18,000 catalogs of art sales, and 45,000 books.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Art: Helen Clay Frick Opens Home for Her Hobby |magazine=Newsweek |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=January 12, 1935 |pages=26–27 |id={{ProQuest|1797093787}}}}</ref> The museum itself had a [[soft opening]] on December 11, 1935;<ref name="The New York Times 1935 s753">{{cite web |date=December 12, 1935 |title=700 See Treasures of Frick Gallery; Steelmaker's Mansion Begins Career as Museum With Preview to Guests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/12/archives/700-see-treasures-of-frick-gallery-steelmakers-mansion-begins.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129224959/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/12/archives/700-see-treasures-of-frick-gallery-steelmakers-mansion-begins.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=December 12, 1935 |title=Frick Gallery Of Art Opens With 700 at Its Preview: Vast Treasure, Centered on 136 Master Paintings, Becomes Accessible to Public Monday Donor's Children Receive the Guests Collection's Purchase of Morgan Painting Made Known; Value of Works Is Called $50,000,000 |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1221727004}}}}</ref> the preview was noteworthy enough that the names of 700 visitors were published in that day's ''[[New York Herald Tribune]]''.<ref name="p506235636">{{cite news |date=June 17, 2010 |title=Frick museum celebrates its 75th birthday:: Art museum welcomes 300,000 visitors annually |work=Charleston Daily Mail |page=D.6 |id={{ProQuest|506235636}} |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> The Frick Collection officially opened to the public five days later on December 16.<ref name="The New York Times 1935 r493">{{cite web |date=December 17, 1935 |title=Frick Art Museum Opened to Public; 750 View Superb Collection in Former Home of Donor – Same Number to See It Daily. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/17/archives/frick-art-museum-opened-to-public-750-view-superb-collection-in.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129225001/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/17/archives/frick-art-museum-opened-to-public-750-view-superb-collection-in.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |date=December 17, 1935 |title=Frick Museum Opens to Public As 700 See Art: Director Calls First Day a Success; Lecture Tour Is Planned for Visitors |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=21 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1242909040}}}}</ref> When it opened, the museum did not charge admission fees,<ref name="Newsweek 1935" /><ref name="nyt-1935-12-22">{{Cite news |date=December 22, 1935 |title=5,000 In First Week See Frick Collection; Attendance at Museum Averaged 830 With All Requests Filled Except for Yesterday. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/22/archives/5000-in-first-week-see-frick-collection-attendance-at-museum.html |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131020121/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/12/22/archives/5000-in-first-week-see-frick-collection-attendance-at-museum.html |url-status=live}}; {{cite news |id={{ProQuest|1266817851}} |title=5,000 See Frick Collection |date=December 22, 1935 |page=17A |work=New York Herald Tribune |issn=1941-0646}}</ref> but staff distributed timed-entry tickets to prevent crowding.<ref name="Newsweek 1935" /><ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935" /><ref name="p513922219">{{cite news |date=12 Dec 1935 |title=Canvases of Masters Viewed At Opening of Frick Gallery: Fifth Avenue Mansion Becomes Art Center |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=15 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|513922219}}}}</ref> Although about 600 tickets were distributed daily to people who showed up in person,<ref name="p513933607">{{cite news |last=Sherburne |first=Ernest C. |date=February 12, 1936 |title=The Frick Collection: Like the Wallace Collection in London, Which Henry Clay Frick Regarded as a Model, the New Museum in New York Uses the Family Residence to House Some Rare Treasures .. The Frick Collection: A Gallery of Treasures |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=WM8 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|513933607}}}}</ref> other visitors had to make reservations several weeks in advance due to high demand.<ref name="Newsweek 1935" /><ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935" /> Ropes were placed throughout the house to force visitors to follow a specific path.<ref name="Newsweek 1935" /> The galleries were originally closed on holidays, Sundays, and for a month in the middle of the year.<ref name="p513933607" /> Artworks were arranged based on how they blended in with the house's ambiance, rather than being arranged by year.<ref name="n139714760">{{Cite news |date=June 2, 1964 |title=New York Full of Treasures |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-statesman-new-york-full-of-tr/139714760/ |access-date=February 1, 2024 |work=The Herald Statesman |pages=9 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203235713/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-statesman-new-york-full-of-tr/139714760/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 By the early 1970s, the museum recorded about 800 daily visitors<ref name="Glueck 1970 o477">{{cite web |last=Glueck |first=Grace |date=April 29, 1970 |title=With Minimum of Fanfare, Frick Collection Turns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/29/archives/with-minimum-of-fanfare-frick-collection-turns-50.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201214848/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/29/archives/with-minimum-of-fanfare-frick-collection-turns-50.html |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and employed 75 staff members.<ref name="Glueck 1970 o477" /><ref name=n141924432 /> The next year, the museum began asking visitors to pay an optional admission fee due to rising taxes and expenses.<ref name="nyt-1971-07-07">{{Cite news |last=Glueck |first=Grace |date=July 7, 1971 |title=Frick Collection Seeks to Stave Off Tax |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/07/archives/frick-collection-seeks-to-stave-off-tax.html |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201746/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/07/archives/frick-collection-seeks-to-stave-off-tax.html |url-status=live}}</ref> After Grier was killed in a traffic accident in 1972,<ref name="nyt-1972-06-01">{{Cite news |date=June 1, 1972 |title=Harry D. M. Grier of Frick Museum |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/01/archives/harry-d-m-grier-of-frick-museum-collections-director-since-64.html |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202214826/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/01/archives/harry-d-m-grier-of-frick-museum-collections-director-since-64.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Everett Fahy]] was appointed as the museum's fourth director in 1973.<ref name="The New York Times 1973 a419">{{cite web |last=Shirey |first=David L. |date=May 20, 1973 |title=Everett Fahy of the Met Is Narned. Frick Director |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/20/archives/everett-fahy-of-the-met-is-named-frick-director.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201214847/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/20/archives/everett-fahy-of-the-met-is-named-frick-director.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The museum announced plans to construct an annex at 5–9 East 70th Street.<ref name="nyt-1973-11-28">{{Cite news |last=Fowler |first=Glenn |date=November 28, 1973 |title=Frick Drops Plan for Its New Wing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/28/archives/frick-drops-plan-for-its-new-wing-garden-and-terrace-to-be-created.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201747/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/28/archives/frick-drops-plan-for-its-new-wing-garden-and-terrace-to-be-created.html |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> After the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] (LPC) expressed concerns over the fact that the expansion would require the demolition of the Widener House at 5 East 70th Street,<ref name="nyt-1973-03-15">{{Cite news |last=Knight |first=Michael |date=March 15, 1973 |title=Frick Planning to Raze Widener Town House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/15/archives/frick-planning-to-raze-widener-town-house.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201749/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/15/archives/frick-planning-to-raze-widener-town-house.html |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=March 15, 1973 |title=Frick Dooms Town House |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-frick-dooms-town-house/140110384/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201746/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-frick-dooms-town-house/140110384/ |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=450}}</ref> the museum announced a plan for a "temporary garden" on the 70th Street lots, which the LPC approved.<ref name="The New York Times 1973 q840">{{cite web |first=Carter B. |last=Horsley |title=Widener Mansion is Coming Down |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=July 9, 1973 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/09/archives/widener-mansion-is-coming-down-museum-is-given-approval-to-demolish.html |access-date=February 8, 2024 |postscript=none |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215005719/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/09/archives/widener-mansion-is-coming-down-museum-is-given-approval-to-demolish.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=July 9, 1973 |title=Garden to Grow at Frick Museum |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-garden-to-grow-at-frick-museu/140111768/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=50 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201747/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-garden-to-grow-at-frick-museu/140111768/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The original annex was canceled that November,<ref name="nyt-1973-11-28" /> and Frick officials subsequently decided to build  a one-story wing on the Widener House's site.<ref name="nyt-1974-05-17">{{Cite news |date=May 17, 1974 |title=The Frick Changes Plan for Vacant Plot, Proposing 2d Wing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/the-frick-changes-plan-for-vacant-plot-proposing-2d-wing.html |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202201747/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/17/archives/the-frick-changes-plan-for-vacant-plot-proposing-2d-wing.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The annex had been proposed because, at the time, the mansion could accommodate only 250 people at once.<ref name="Wallach 1977">{{Cite news |last=Wallach |first=Amei |date=January 23, 1977 |title=Frick Collection's New Room Is Worth Waiting For |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-collecti/139790230/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |pages=89 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-collecti/139790230/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Under Fahy's tenure, the museum began hosting more temporary exhibits, which it had seldom held before Fahy took over.<ref name="n140113951">{{Cite news |date=January 23, 1979 |title=Frick shows loaned Fragonard drawings |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-shows-lo/140113951/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |pages=110 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202214826/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-shows-lo/140113951/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick began charging admission for the first time in 1976.<ref name="Goldberger 1977 i035">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=March 1, 1977 |title=Frick Addition Echoes Original, a Holdover From Innocent Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/01/archives/frick-addition-echoes-original-a-holdover-from-innocent-times.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/01/archives/frick-addition-echoes-original-a-holdover-from-innocent-times.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The annex was completed the next year, along with a garden,<ref name="Wallach 1977" /><ref name="Goldberger 1977 i035" /> designed by British landscape architect [[Russell Page]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Howe |first=Marvine |date=January 6, 1985 |title=Russell Page, British Planner of Gardens and Landscapes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/06/world/russell-page-british-planner-of-gardens-and-landscapes.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214606/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/06/world/russell-page-british-planner-of-gardens-and-landscapes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick renovated the Boucher Room and cleaned and rearranged its paintings during the following decade.<ref name="The New York Times 1981 s585">{{cite web |last=Russell |first=John |date=July 24, 1981 |title=A Guide to the Discreet Changes at the Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/24/arts/a-guide-to-the-discreet-changes-at-the-frick.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204740/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/24/arts/a-guide-to-the-discreet-changes-at-the-frick.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the mid-1980s, the museum displayed 169 works of art,<ref name="wp-1988-08-14" /><ref name="p1222376533">{{Cite news |last=Mays |first=John Bentley |date=October 25, 1985 |title=Seeing Old Masters With New Eyes |work=The Globe and Mail |page=D9 |id={{ProQuest|1222376533}}}}</ref> and the galleries occupied 16 rooms.<ref name="wp-1988-08-14">{{cite news |last=Garrett |first=Robert |date=August 14, 1988 |title=Masters of the House: New York's Frick Collection |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/1988/08/14/the-garden-court-at-the-frick-collection/fdedec73-1609-49a7-8a7f-480005a9a224/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=83 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|139447378}}}}</ref> The museum periodically hosted [[chamber music]] performances in the Frick House's courtyard.<ref name="p431185641">{{Cite news |last=Ulmanis |first=Silvija |date=January 19, 1985 |title=Museums in New York: Everything From Picasso to Dogs |work=The Gazette |page=H3 |id={{ProQuest|431185641}}}}</ref> It was relatively low-profile compared to others in New York City, only sporadically expanding its collection and hosting small temporary exhibitions.<ref name="nyt-1987-01-09">{{Cite news |last=Glueck |first=Grace |date=January 9, 1987 |title=Frick Awaits New Director |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/arts/frick-awaits-new-director.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215005721/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/arts/frick-awaits-new-director.html |url-status=live}}</ref> After Helen Frick died in 1984, the museum took over responsibility for the Frick Art Reference Library;<ref name="nyt-1987-01-09" /> initially, the library had no endowment as Helen had not provided anything for the library in her will.<ref name="nyt-1993-03-21">{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=John |date=March 21, 1993 |title=Art View; Trouble at the Nonpareil of Art Libraries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/arts/art-view-trouble-at-the-nonpareil-of-art-libraries.html |access-date=February 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205015825/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/arts/art-view-trouble-at-the-nonpareil-of-art-libraries.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ceiling lights were installed in the Fragonard and Boucher rooms in the 1980s.<ref name="p824553202">{{cite news |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Gallery by Gallery Improvements at Frick Museum |work=Italian Voice |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|824553202}}}}</ref>
+Under Fahy's tenure, the museum began hosting more temporary exhibits, which it had seldom held before Fahy took over.<ref name="n140113951">{{Cite news |date=January 23, 1979 |title=Frick shows loaned Fragonard drawings |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-shows-lo/140113951/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |pages=110 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202214826/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-frick-shows-lo/140113951/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick began charging admission for the first time in 1976.<ref name="Goldberger 1977 i035">{{cite web |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=March 1, 1977 |title=Frick Addition Echoes Original, a Holdover From Innocent Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/01/archives/frick-addition-echoes-original-a-holdover-from-innocent-times.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/01/archives/frick-addition-echoes-original-a-holdover-from-innocent-times.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The annex was completed the next year, along with a garden,<ref name="Wallach 1977" /><ref name="Goldberger 1977 i035" /> designed by British landscape architect [[Russell Page]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Howe |first=Marvine |date=January 6, 1985 |title=Russell Page, British Planner of Gardens and Landscapes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/06/world/russell-page-british-planner-of-gardens-and-landscapes.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214606/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/06/world/russell-page-british-planner-of-gardens-and-landscapes.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick renovated the Boucher Room and cleaned and rearranged its paintings during the following decade.<ref name="The New York Times 1981 s585">{{cite web |last=Russell |first=John |date=July 24, 1981 |title=A Guide to the Discreet Changes at the Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/24/arts/a-guide-to-the-discreet-changes-at-the-frick.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129204740/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/24/arts/a-guide-to-the-discreet-changes-at-the-frick.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the mid-1980s, the museum displayed 169 works of art,<ref name="wp-1988-08-14" /><ref name="p1222376533">{{Cite news |last=Mays |first=John Bentley |date=October 25, 1985 |title=Seeing Old Masters With New Eyes |work=The Globe and Mail |page=D9 |id={{ProQuest|1222376533}}}}</ref> and the galleries occupied 16 rooms.<ref name="wp-1988-08-14">{{cite news |last=Garrett |first=Robert |date=August 14, 1988 |title=Masters of the House: New York's Frick Collection |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/1988/08/14/the-garden-court-at-the-frick-collection/fdedec73-1609-49a7-8a7f-480005a9a224/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=83 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|139447378}}}}</ref> The museum periodically hosted [[chamber music]] performances in the Frick House's courtyard.<ref name="p431185641">{{Cite news |last=Ulmanis |first=Silvija |date=January 19, 1985 |title=Museums in New York: Everything From Picasso to Dogs |work=The Gazette |page=H3 |id={{ProQuest|431185641}}}}</ref> It was relatively low-profile compared to others in New York City, only sporadically expanding its collection and hosting small temporary exhibitions.<ref name="nyt-1987-01-09">{{Cite news |last=Glueck |first=Grace |date=January 9, 1987 |title=Frick Awaits New Director |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/arts/frick-awaits-new-director.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215005721/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/arts/frick-awaits-new-director.html |url-status=live}}</ref> After Helen Frick died in 1984, the museum took over responsibility for the Frick Art Research Library;<ref name="nyt-1987-01-09" /> initially, the library had no endowment as Helen had not provided anything for the library in her will.<ref name="nyt-1993-03-21">{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=John |date=March 21, 1993 |title=Art View; Trouble at the Nonpareil of Art Libraries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/arts/art-view-trouble-at-the-nonpareil-of-art-libraries.html |access-date=February 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205015825/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/21/arts/art-view-trouble-at-the-nonpareil-of-art-libraries.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ceiling lights were installed in the Fragonard and Boucher rooms in the 1980s.<ref name="p824553202">{{cite news |date=December 9, 2010 |title=Gallery by Gallery Improvements at Frick Museum |work=Italian Voice |page=4 |id={{ProQuest|824553202}}}}</ref>
 [[Charles Ryskamp]], the former director of the [[Pierpont Morgan Library]], was appointed as the Frick's fifth director in December 1986 after Fahy's resignation,<ref name="nyt-1986-12-19">{{Cite news |last=Glueck |first=Grace |date=December 19, 1986 |title=The Frick Gets New Director |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/19/arts/the-frick-gets-new-director.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214531/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/19/arts/the-frick-gets-new-director.html |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |date=December 19, 1986 |title=Frick Collection Names New Director |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-frick-collection-names-new-direc/140185691/ |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=Newsday |issn=2574-5298 |pages=194 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214940/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-frick-collection-names-new-direc/140185691/ |url-status=live}}</ref> though he did not assume that position for another six months.<ref name="nyt-1987-01-09" /> Under Ryskamp's directorship, some of the paintings were rearranged or brought out of storage.<ref name="Deitz 1988 l181">{{cite web |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=April 10, 1988 |title=Art; Charles Ryskamp Brings a New Look To the Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/10/arts/art-charles-ryskamp-brings-a-new-look-to-the-frick.html |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204010557/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/10/arts/art-charles-ryskamp-brings-a-new-look-to-the-frick.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the 1990s, the art reference library was low on funds;<ref name="The New York Times 1990 q695" /> the library had a $25 million endowment by 1993,<ref name="nyt-1993-03-21" /> and the Frick began charging "frequent commercial users" of the library that year.<ref name="Vogel 1993 y129">{{cite web |last=Vogel |first=Carol |title=Inside Art |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=December 17, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/17/arts/inside-art.html |access-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223212647/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/17/arts/inside-art.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Through the 1990s, the Frick banned all children under the age of 10, as well as unaccompanied minors between ages 10 and 15,<ref name="nyt-1993-12-04" /><ref name="n140312747">{{Cite news |last=Wasserman |first=Joanne |date=January 14, 1994 |title=A risk of art attack |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-risk-of-art-attack/140312747/ |access-date=February 5, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=1916 |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180925/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-risk-of-art-attack/140312747/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the museum also did not have a café.<ref name="Asimov 1992 j113">{{cite web |last=Asimov |first=Eric |date=November 13, 1992 |title=Sating the Eyes And Satisfying The Appetite |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/13/arts/sating-the-eyes-and-satisfying-the-appetite.html |access-date=February 5, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726154125/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/13/arts/sating-the-eyes-and-satisfying-the-appetite.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The New York City government passed a law banning public institutions from discriminating by age in 1993, which would have forced the museum to start admitting children.<ref name="nyt-1993-12-04" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wasserman |first=Joanne |date=January 11, 1994 |title=Debate rages over kids' rights |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-debate-rages-over-kids-right/140313844/ |access-date=February 5, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=336 |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180927/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-debate-rages-over-kids-right/140313844/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Museum officials requested a waiver, saying that they would have to install barriers if children were allowed,<ref name="nyt-1993-12-04">{{Cite news |last=Fein |first=Esther B. |date=December 4, 1993 |title=New York to Bar Age Bias in Public Places |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/04/nyregion/new-york-to-bar-age-bias-in-public-places.html |access-date=February 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204164257/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/04/nyregion/new-york-to-bar-age-bias-in-public-places.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="n140312747" /> and they received such a waiver in 1995.<ref name="ChildPolicy">{{Cite web |date=July 2009 |title=Policy on the Admission of Children |url=https://www.frick.org/sites/default/files/ChildPolicy.pdf |access-date=February 5, 2024 |publisher=The Frick Collection |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180926/https://www.frick.org/sites/default/files/ChildPolicy.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, further lighting upgrades were made in the mid-1990s.<ref name="p824553202" />
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 === 2020s to present ===
+[[File:6 16 2021 Frick old Whitney building 945 Madison Avenue NYC.jpg|alt=The facade of the Frick Madison at 945 Madison Avenue|thumb|The Frick moved to [[945 Madison Avenue]] between 2021 and 2024.]]
-[[File:6 16 2021 Frick old Whitney building 945 Madison Avenue NYC.jpg|alt=The facade of the Frick Madison at 945 Madison Avenue|thumb|The Frick moved to [[945 Madison Avenue]] between 2021 and 2024.]]The Frick closed in mid-March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]];<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pogrebin |first1=Robin |last2=Cooper |first2=Michael |date=March 12, 2020 |title=New York's Major Cultural Institutions Close in Response to Coronavirus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/arts/design/met-museum-opera-carnegie-hall-close-coronavirus.html |access-date=February 11, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211142003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/arts/design/met-museum-opera-carnegie-hall-close-coronavirus.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kenney 2020 j291" /> the opening of the temporary location was delayed due to the pandemic.<ref name="nyt-2021-02-09">{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Frick Collection to Open as Frick Madison in March (With Coffee) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/arts/design/frick-breuer-move-opening.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608151315/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/arts/design/frick-breuer-move-opening.html |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref><ref name="Kenney 2020 j291">{{cite web |last=Kenney |first=Nancy |date=July 20, 2020 |title=New York's Frick Collection will open at Madison Avenue location in early 2021 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/07/20/new-yorks-frick-collection-will-open-at-madison-avenue-location-in-early-2021 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180816/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/07/20/new-yorks-frick-collection-will-open-at-madison-avenue-location-in-early-2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The museum's collection was moved to 945 Madison Avenue, which reopened as the Frick Madison in March 2021.<ref name="Nast 2021 u292">{{cite magazine |date=March 12, 2021 |title=The Frick Collection's New Home |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/the-frick-collections-new-home |access-date=February 4, 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203233717/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/the-frick-collections-new-home |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison housed the museum's [[old masters]] collection, including 104 paintings, along with sculptures, vases, and clocks.<ref name="Farago" /> Most of the 1,500-piece collection of artwork was placed in storage at 945 Madison Avenue,<ref name="Raskin2">{{Cite web |last=Raskin |first=Laura |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Frick Madison Brings a New Look to the Breuer |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15027-frick-brings-a-new-look-to-the-breuer |access-date=April 15, 2023 |work=Architectural Record |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207014849/https://www.architecturalrecord.com/evercookie/save?name=esessionid |url-status=live}}</ref> and about 300 works were placed on display.<ref name="Raskin2" /><ref name="Tarmy 2021 h167">{{cite web |last=Tarmy |first=James |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Touring the Frick Madison, New York's Newest Cultural Landmark |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-04/tour-the-frick-collection-s-new-madison-avenue-museum-location-in-nyc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926111736/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-04/tour-the-frick-collection-s-new-madison-avenue-museum-location-in-nyc |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> At the Frick Madison, the artwork was exhibited against stark dark gray walls, in contrast to the Frick House's ornate decoration;<ref name="Raskin2" /><ref name="Farago" /> the paintings were also grouped according to their age and region of origin.<ref name="Nast 2021 p891">{{cite web |last=Whittle |first=Andrea |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Frick Madison — Museum Review |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/new-york/frick-madison |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=Condé Nast Traveler |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180928/https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/new-york/frick-madison |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="U.S. News Travel 1970 z428">{{cite web |date=January 1, 1970 |title=Frick Collection Reviews |url=https://travel.usnews.com/New_York_NY/Things_To_Do/Frick_Collection_62875/ |url-status=dead<!--live version of the ref is different--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209172600/https://travel.usnews.com/New_York_NY/Things_To_Do/Frick_Collection_62875/ |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=U.S. News Travel}}{{Cbignore}}</ref><ref name=wsj-2021-03-10>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 2021 |last=Wilkin |first=Karen |title=The Frick Collection: Relocated, Reshuffled and Revitalized |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/relocated-reshuffled-and-revitalized-11615407326 |access-date=February 9, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660  |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607234042/https://www.wsj.com/articles/relocated-reshuffled-and-revitalized-11615407326 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison also included a café.<ref name="Senzamici 2023 u798">{{cite web | last=Senzamici | first=Peter | title=Cold-Brew Sisters Open Up Cafe Inside UES Museum | website=Upper East Side, NY Patch | date=January 27, 2023 | url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/cold-brew-sisters-open-cafe-inside-ues-museum | access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref>
+The Frick closed in mid-March 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]];<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pogrebin |first1=Robin |last2=Cooper |first2=Michael |date=March 12, 2020 |title=New York's Major Cultural Institutions Close in Response to Coronavirus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/arts/design/met-museum-opera-carnegie-hall-close-coronavirus.html |access-date=February 11, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211142003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/arts/design/met-museum-opera-carnegie-hall-close-coronavirus.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kenney 2020 j291" /> the opening of the temporary location was delayed due to the pandemic.<ref name="nyt-2021-02-09">{{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Frick Collection to Open as Frick Madison in March (With Coffee) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/arts/design/frick-breuer-move-opening.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608151315/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/arts/design/frick-breuer-move-opening.html |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref><ref name="Kenney 2020 j291">{{cite web |last=Kenney |first=Nancy |date=July 20, 2020 |title=New York's Frick Collection will open at Madison Avenue location in early 2021 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/07/20/new-yorks-frick-collection-will-open-at-madison-avenue-location-in-early-2021 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202180816/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/07/20/new-yorks-frick-collection-will-open-at-madison-avenue-location-in-early-2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The museum's collection was moved to 945 Madison Avenue, which reopened as the Frick Madison in March 2021.<ref name="Nast 2021 u292">{{cite magazine |date=March 12, 2021 |title=The Frick Collection's New Home |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/the-frick-collections-new-home |access-date=February 4, 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203233717/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/the-frick-collections-new-home |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison housed the museum's [[old masters]] collection, including 104 paintings, along with sculptures, vases, and clocks.<ref name="Farago" /> Most of the 1,500-piece collection of artwork was placed in storage at 945 Madison Avenue,<ref name="Raskin2">{{Cite web |last=Raskin |first=Laura |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Frick Madison Brings a New Look to the Breuer |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15027-frick-brings-a-new-look-to-the-breuer |access-date=April 15, 2023 |work=Architectural Record |archive-date=February 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207014849/https://www.architecturalrecord.com/evercookie/save?name=esessionid |url-status=live}}</ref> and about 300 works were placed on display.<ref name="Raskin2" /><ref name="Tarmy 2021 h167">{{cite web |last=Tarmy |first=James |date=March 4, 2021 |title=Touring the Frick Madison, New York's Newest Cultural Landmark |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-04/tour-the-frick-collection-s-new-madison-avenue-museum-location-in-nyc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926111736/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-04/tour-the-frick-collection-s-new-madison-avenue-museum-location-in-nyc |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> At the Frick Madison, the artwork was exhibited against stark dark gray walls, in contrast to the Frick House's ornate decoration;<ref name="Raskin2" /><ref name="Farago" /> the paintings were also grouped according to their age and region of origin.<ref name="Nast 2021 p891">{{cite web |last=Whittle |first=Andrea |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Frick Madison — Museum Review |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/new-york/frick-madison |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=Condé Nast Traveler |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205180928/https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/new-york/frick-madison |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="U.S. News Travel 1970 z428">{{cite web |date=January 1, 1970 |title=Frick Collection Reviews |url=https://travel.usnews.com/New_York_NY/Things_To_Do/Frick_Collection_62875/ |url-status=dead<!--live version of the ref is different--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209172600/https://travel.usnews.com/New_York_NY/Things_To_Do/Frick_Collection_62875/ |archive-date=February 9, 2024 |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=U.S. News Travel}}{{Cbignore}}</ref><ref name=wsj-2021-03-10>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 2021 |last=Wilkin |first=Karen |title=The Frick Collection: Relocated, Reshuffled and Revitalized |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/relocated-reshuffled-and-revitalized-11615407326 |access-date=February 9, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660  |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607234042/https://www.wsj.com/articles/relocated-reshuffled-and-revitalized-11615407326 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison also included a café.<ref name="Senzamici 2023 u798">{{cite web | last=Senzamici | first=Peter | title=Cold-Brew Sisters Open Up Cafe Inside UES Museum | website=Upper East Side, NY Patch | date=January 27, 2023 | url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/cold-brew-sisters-open-cafe-inside-ues-museum | access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref>
-The museum had raised $242 million for its capital campaign by the end of 2023.<ref name="Tremayne-Pengelly 2023 m400" /><ref name="Pogrebin 2024 m400" /> Wardropper announced in January 2024 that he would resign the following year, after the Frick House's renovation was complete.<ref name="Pogrebin 2024 m400" /><ref name="Goukassian 2024 r874">{{cite web |last=Goukassian |first=Elena |date=January 8, 2024 |title=Frick Collection director to retire after $195m renovation |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/01/08/frick-collection-ian-wardropper-director-to-retire-in-2025 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129012130/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/01/08/frick-collection-ian-wardropper-director-to-retire-in-2025 |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Frick Leader to Step Down After a 14-Year Run |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/03/arts/design/frick-art-museum-historic-wardropper.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129012130/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/03/arts/design/frick-art-museum-historic-wardropper.html |url-status=live}}</ref> That month, the museum received permission for 14 liquor licenses at the Frick House, which would allow the museum to serve alcohol at special events.<ref name="Rahmanan 2024 d539">{{cite web |last=Rahmanan |first=Anna |title=No, the Frick is not opening 14 new bars this spring |website=Time Out New York |date=January 30, 2024 |url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/no-the-frick-is-not-opening-14-new-bars-013024 |access-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131184747/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/no-the-frick-is-not-opening-14-new-bars-013024 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison closed on March 3, 2024,<ref name="Sutton 2023 h471">{{cite web |last=Sutton |first=Benjamin |title=Frick Collection will vacate Brutalist Madison Avenue building in early 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |date=April 21, 2023 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/04/21/frick-collection-leaving-breuer-building-2024-mansion-renovation |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103202536/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/04/21/frick-collection-leaving-breuer-building-2024-mansion-renovation |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Senzamici 2023 d020">{{cite web |last=Senzamici |first=Peter |title=Frick Announces Move From Madison Back To Reno'd Mansion |website=Upper East Side, NY Patch |date=April 29, 2023 |url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/frick-announces-move-madison-back-renod-mansion |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129142958/https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/frick-announces-move-madison-back-renod-mansion |url-status=live}}</ref> and the Henry Clay Frick House is scheduled to reopen in late 2024.<ref name="Sutton 2023 h471" /><ref name="Clark 2024 f963">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Roger |title=The Frick Collection will soon be going home |website=Spectrum News NY1 |date=February 26, 2024 |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/human-interest/2024/02/25/the-frick-collection-will-soon-be-going-home |access-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303173403/https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/human-interest/2024/02/25/the-frick-collection-will-soon-be-going-home |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The museum had raised $242 million for its capital campaign by the end of 2023.<ref name="Tremayne-Pengelly 2023 m400" /><ref name="Pogrebin 2024 m400" /> Wardropper announced in January 2024 that he would resign the following year, after the Frick House's renovation was complete.<ref name="Pogrebin 2024 m400" /><ref name="Goukassian 2024 r874">{{cite web |last=Goukassian |first=Elena |date=January 8, 2024 |title=Frick Collection director to retire after $195m renovation |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/01/08/frick-collection-ian-wardropper-director-to-retire-in-2025 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |postscript=none |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129012130/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/01/08/frick-collection-ian-wardropper-director-to-retire-in-2025 |url-status=live}}; {{Cite news |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Frick Leader to Step Down After a 14-Year Run |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/03/arts/design/frick-art-museum-historic-wardropper.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129012130/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/03/arts/design/frick-art-museum-historic-wardropper.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick Madison closed on March 3, 2024.<ref name="Sutton 2023 h471">{{cite web |last=Sutton |first=Benjamin |title=Frick Collection will vacate Brutalist Madison Avenue building in early 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |date=April 21, 2023 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/04/21/frick-collection-leaving-breuer-building-2024-mansion-renovation |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103202536/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/04/21/frick-collection-leaving-breuer-building-2024-mansion-renovation |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Senzamici 2023 d020">{{cite web |last=Senzamici |first=Peter |title=Frick Announces Move From Madison Back To Reno'd Mansion |website=Upper East Side, NY Patch |date=April 29, 2023 |url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/frick-announces-move-madison-back-renod-mansion |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129142958/https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/frick-announces-move-madison-back-renod-mansion |url-status=live}}</ref> The Henry Clay Frick House and Frick Art Research Library were originally expected to reopen in late 2024,<ref name="Sutton 2023 h471" /><ref name="Clark 2024 f963">{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Roger |title=The Frick Collection will soon be going home |website=Spectrum News NY1 |date=February 26, 2024 |url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/human-interest/2024/02/25/the-frick-collection-will-soon-be-going-home |access-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303173403/https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/human-interest/2024/02/25/the-frick-collection-will-soon-be-going-home |url-status=live }}</ref> but this was later pushed back to April 2025.<ref name="Pogrebin t735">{{cite web | last=Pogrebin | first=Robin | title=Renovated Frick to Reopen in April 2025 | website=The New York Times | date=October 30, 2024 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/arts/design/renovated-frick-reopening-april-2025.html | access-date=October 31, 2024|postscript=none}}; {{cite web | last=McDowell | first=Michael | title=Frick Reopening Date Announced | website=Upper East Side, NY Patch | date=October 30, 2024 | url=https://patch.com/new-york/upper-east-side-nyc/frick-reopening-date-announced | access-date=October 31, 2024}}</ref> In September 2024, the Frick appointed [[Axel Rüger]], the head of the [[Royal Academy of Arts]] in London, as the museum's director beginning in 2025.<ref name="Pogrebin k368">{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=September 21, 2024 |title=The Frick Looks to London for Its Next Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/19/arts/design/frick-collection-director-axel-ruger-royal-academy.html |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=The New York Times |page=C3 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Bea |date=September 20, 2024 |title=Frick Collection appoints Axel Rüger as next director |url=https://blooloop.com/museum/news/frick-collection-axel-ruger-new-director/ |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=Blooloop |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Gareth |date=September 20, 2024 |title=Axel Rüger leaves London's Royal Academy for New York's Frick Collection |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/09/20/axel-ruger-leaves-londons-royal-academy-for-the-frick-collection |access-date=September 21, 2024 |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events}}</ref>
 == Collection ==
 {{for|a more detailed list of works in the collection|List of artworks in the Frick Collection}}
-The Frick has a collection of [[old master]] paintings and furniture housed in 19 galleries of varying size within the former residence.<ref name="Vogel 1998">{{cite web |last=Vogel |first=Carol |date=September 7, 1998 |title=Director Tries Gentle Changes For the Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/07/arts/director-tries-gentle-changes-for-the-frick.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124105352/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/07/arts/director-tries-gentle-changes-for-the-frick.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Frick ultimately acquired a variety of European paintings,<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a" /><ref name="Current Opinion 1920">{{Cite magazine |date=Jan 1920 |title=The Frick Collection of Art Becomes the Public's Property |magazine=Current Opinion |page=100 |volume=LXVIII |issue=1 |id={{ProQuest|124776538}}}}</ref> Renaissance bronzes,<ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798" /> French clocks,<ref name="n140121802">{{Cite news |date=November 5, 1982 |title=A French lesson |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-french-lesson/140121802/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=379 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202224543/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-french-lesson/140121802/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and a set of porcelains.<ref name="Current Opinion 1920" /> Toward the end of Frick's life, he focused on porcelains, sculptures, and furniture.<ref name="Bailey pp. 81–82">{{harvnb|ps=.|Bailey|2006|pages=81–82}}</ref> Although Frick made over a thousand acquisitions over his lifetime, he resold most of the things he bought.<ref name="n141924432">{{Cite news |first=Norman |last=Nadel |date=1970-06-20 |title=Frick Art 'Lives' in House |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-frick-art-lives-i/141924432/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=The Pittsburgh Press |pages=8 |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223182435/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-frick-art-lives-i/141924432/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The original collection contained 635 pieces of art or decorations when Frick died.<ref name="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2014 c380" /> When the museum opened, it displayed 136<ref name="p513922219" /> or about 200 paintings in addition to porcelains, enamels, and bronzes.<ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935" /> There were also 80 sculptures on display.<ref name="p513933607" />
+The Frick has a [[collection (museum)|collection]] of [[old master]] paintings and furniture housed in 19 galleries of varying size within the former residence.<ref name="Vogel 1998">{{cite web |last=Vogel |first=Carol |date=September 7, 1998 |title=Director Tries Gentle Changes For the Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/07/arts/director-tries-gentle-changes-for-the-frick.html |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124105352/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/07/arts/director-tries-gentle-changes-for-the-frick.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Frick ultimately acquired a variety of European paintings,<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a" /><ref name="Current Opinion 1920">{{Cite magazine |date=Jan 1920 |title=The Frick Collection of Art Becomes the Public's Property |magazine=Current Opinion |page=100 |volume=LXVIII |issue=1 |id={{ProQuest|124776538}}}}</ref> Renaissance bronzes,<ref name="The New York Times 1933 s798" /> French clocks,<ref name="n140121802">{{Cite news |date=November 5, 1982 |title=A French lesson |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-french-lesson/140121802/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |issn=2692-1251 |pages=379 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202224543/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-french-lesson/140121802/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and a set of porcelains.<ref name="Current Opinion 1920" /> Toward the end of Frick's life, he focused on porcelains, sculptures, and furniture.<ref name="Bailey pp. 81–82">{{harvnb|ps=.|Bailey|2006|pages=81–82}}</ref> Although Frick made over a thousand acquisitions over his lifetime, he resold most of the things he bought.<ref name="n141924432">{{Cite news |first=Norman |last=Nadel |date=1970-06-20 |title=Frick Art 'Lives' in House |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-frick-art-lives-i/141924432/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=The Pittsburgh Press |pages=8 |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223182435/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-frick-art-lives-i/141924432/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The original collection contained 635 pieces of art or decorations when Frick died.<ref name="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2014 c380" /> When the museum opened, it displayed 136<ref name="p513922219" /> or about 200 paintings in addition to porcelains, enamels, and bronzes.<ref name="Rhodenbaugh 1935" /> There were also 80 sculptures on display.<ref name="p513933607" />
 Helen Clay Frick and the board of trustees expanded the collection after his death; in 2006, the ''New York Times'' estimated that about 30 percent of the collection had been acquired after Frick died.<ref name="nyt-2006-03-29" /> Nonetheless, until 1948, the museum accepted donations of art only from Frick family members.<ref name="The New York Times 1948 c929" /> The museum can lend works acquired after Frick's death, but not works that he owned in his lifetime;<ref name="Vogel 1998" /><ref name="p422180386">{{cite news |last=Boehm |first=Mike |date=December 18, 2007 |title=Sharing its treasures; The Norton Simon Museum is making unprecedented loans to the National Gallery and New York's Frick Collection |work=Los Angeles Times |page=E3 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|422180386}}}}</ref><ref name="p193313858">{{cite news |last=Esplund |first=Lance |date=April 22, 2010 |title=Art: Fresh Faces in the Family |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=D7 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|193313858}}}}</ref> this restriction has prevented works from appearing in other museums' exhibitions.<ref name="p283399348">{{cite news |last=Andreae |first=Christopher |date=January 22, 1992 |title=A clearer picture of Rembrandt Scholars weed out the pretenders to shed more light on the artist |work=Chicago Tribune |page=1 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|283399348}}}}</ref> The Frick is also prohibited from selling items in its collection and seldom acquires new works. Some of the works are normally not visible to the public but can be displayed as necessary.<ref name="The New York Times 1990 j258">{{cite web |last=Russell |first=John |date=August 31, 1990 |title=A Critic's Eye: Choosing Favorites In Museum Collections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/31/arts/a-critic-s-eye-choosing-favorites-in-museum-collections.html |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204023321/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/31/arts/a-critic-s-eye-choosing-favorites-in-museum-collections.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Frick has sometimes borrowed paintings for long periods, including a portrait of [[Cosimo de' Medici]] that was displayed in the museum from 1970 to 1989.<ref name="p280778087">{{cite news |last=Muchnic |first=Suzanne |date=April 17, 1989 |title='New Money' Squeezes Out Museum Buys |work=Los Angeles Times |page=1 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|280778087}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Reif |first=Rita |date=March 15, 1989 |title=Medici Portrait Removed From Frick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/15/arts/medici-portrait-removed-from-frick.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203231322/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/15/arts/medici-portrait-removed-from-frick.html |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> Purchases of new art were funded by the museum's endowment until 2016, when the museum's trustees established an acquisitions fund.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 z169">{{cite press release |title=Frick Collection Announces Launch of Acquisitions Fund |website=The Frick Collection |date=October 4, 2016 |url=https://www.frick.org/sites/default/files/pdf/press/pressreleaseacquisitionsfundFINAL.pdf |access-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-date=May 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511071655/http://www.frick.org/sites/default/files/pdf/press/pressreleaseacquisitionsfundFINAL.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 140: / Line 141: @@
 Some of the earliest works in Frick's collection were portraits of his family, created for his Pittsburgh residence. At the beginning of the 20th century, Frick bought works such as Rembrandt's ''Portrait of a Young Artist''<ref name="Bailey p. 15" /><ref name="Feigenbaum van Ginhoven Sterrett 2024 p. 335">{{harvnb|Feigenbaum|2024|ps=.|page=335}}</ref> (possibly the first Old Master painting in the collection<ref name="Saltzman 2008 p. 162">{{harvnb|Saltzman|2008|ps=.|page=162}}</ref>), [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]]'s ''Ville d'Avray'',<ref name="Feigenbaum van Ginhoven Sterrett 2024 p. 335" /> [[Constant Troyon]]'s ''A Pasture in Normandy'',<ref name="Feigenbaum van Ginhoven Sterrett 2024 p. 335" /> and Vermeer's ''[[Girl Interrupted at Her Music]]''.<ref name="Bailey p. 15" /> From 1905 to 1915, Frick also acquired paintings such as Hals's ''Portrait of a Woman'',<ref name="nyt-1910-04-17">{{Cite news |date=1910-04-17 |title=Frick Buys Hals's Portrait of Woman; Pittsburg Steel Man Purchases Famous Work Sold at Yerkes Sale for $137,000. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/17/archives/frick-buys-halss-portrait-of-woman-pittsburg-steel-man-purchases.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304194531/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/17/archives/frick-buys-halss-portrait-of-woman-pittsburg-steel-man-purchases.html |url-status=live }}; {{Cite news |date=18 Apr 1910 |title=H. C. Frick Buys Hals "Portrait of a Woman.": Said to Have Paid Over $140,000 for Famous Painting |work=The Hartford Courant |page=13 |issn=1047-4153 |id={{ProQuest|555708130}}}}</ref> Velázquez's ''[[Portrait of Philip IV in Fraga]]'',<ref name="Current Opinion 1920" /><ref name="nyt-1911-03-01">{{Cite news |date=1911-03-01 |title=Frick's Velasquez a Wonderful Work; Portrait of King Philip IV. One of the Most Important Pictures in Existence. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/03/01/archives/fricks-velasquez-a-wonderful-work-portrait-of-king-philip-iv-one-of.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304194539/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/03/01/archives/fricks-velasquez-a-wonderful-work-portrait-of-king-philip-iv-one-of.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rembrandt's ''A Dutch Merchant'',<ref name="p574945519">{{cite news |date=4 May 1912 |title=Frick Buys a Rembrandt |work=New-York Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|574945519}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Times |first=Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York |date=1912-05-04 |title=FRICK BUYS A REMBRANDT.; He Pays $250,000 for a Picture, Long Owned by the Fevershams. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/04/archives/frick-buys-a-rembrandt-he-pays-250000-for-a-picture-long-owned-by.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304194532/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/04/archives/frick-buys-a-rembrandt-he-pays-250000-for-a-picture-long-owned-by.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Rembrandt's ''[[The Polish Rider]]''.<ref name="p508945715">{{cite news |date=1 Nov 1913 |title=Mr. Frick's Rembrandt Praised |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=35 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|508945715}}}}</ref>
-After Frick had finished his own mansion, he brought over several paintings of his firstborn daughter Martha, who had died in her childhood.<ref name="Skrabec 2014 p. 210"/> He also obtained 14 [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]] panels from the collection of J. P. Morgan<ref name="Bailey p. 70">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=70}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1915-02-25">{{Cite news |date=February 25, 1915 |title=H.C. Frick Bought Fragonard Room; Panels from Morgan Collection in Metropolitan Museum for His Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/25/archives/hc-frick-bought-fragonard-room-panels-from-morgan-collection-in.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217011237/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/25/archives/hc-frick-bought-fragonard-room-panels-from-morgan-collection-in.html |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |access-date=February 17, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 25, 1915 |title=H. C. Frick Buys Fragonard Panels: Gets Morgan Paintings at Price Said to Be Close to $1,500,000 |work=New-York Tribune |page=9 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575357790}}}}</ref> and moved the panels to his house's drawing room.<ref name="p575394249">{{Cite news |date=1915-03-16 |title=Fragonards Moved to New Frick Home; Paintings to be Set in Drawing Room Designed for Them by Sir Charles Allom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/03/16/archives/fragonards-moved-to-new-frick-home-paintings-to-be-set-in-drawing.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218022853/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/03/16/archives/fragonards-moved-to-new-frick-home-paintings-to-be-set-in-drawing.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=16 Mar 1915 |title=Fragonard Panels Now in Frick Home: Paintings Sold by J. P. Morgan Removed From Museum of Art |work=New-York Tribune |page=7 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575394249}}}}</ref><ref name="p502938057">{{Cite news |last=Philpott |first=A J |date=30 May 1915 |title=New York's Real Art Treasures: Boston Pilgrims See Many of Them. Wonderful Paintings in Mr Frick's New House. Society of Printers Shown Many Courtesies |work=Boston Daily Globe |page=25 |id={{ProQuest|502938057}}}}</ref> At the time of the house's completion, he owned paintings by such artists as El Greco, Goya, Hals, Rembrandt, Romney, Titian, Anthony van Dyck, and Velázquez.<ref name="p502938057" /><ref name="nyt-1917-05-13">{{Cite news |date=1917-05-13 |title=Fifth Avenue Homes Which Were Opened to Balfour and Joffre; To Entertain the Visitors, New York Provided Best It Had to Offer, the Astor and Frick Houses |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/05/13/archives/fifth-avenue-homes-which-were-opened-to-balfour-and-joffre-to.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219013308/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/05/13/archives/fifth-avenue-homes-which-were-opened-to-balfour-and-joffre-to.html |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>  In the late 1910s, Frick acquired additional pieces from outside the Morgan collection, such as [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]]'s portrait of [[Thomas Cromwell]],<ref name="p97726552">{{cite news |date=4 May 1915 |title=$235,000 Holbein Bought by Frick: Box Which Aroused Comment on the Philadelphia Contained Famous Painting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/04/archives/235000-holbein-bought-by-frick-box-which-aroused-comment-on-the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218190628/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/04/archives/235000-holbein-bought-by-frick-box-which-aroused-comment-on-the.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |page=7 |id={{ProQuest|97726552}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=4 May 1915 |title=$235,000 Painting Frick's, is Belief: Mysterious Canvas Brought From Liverpool Said to Be Holbein's "Cromwell." |work=New-York Tribune |page=9 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575425037}}}}</ref> [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]]'s ''Portrait of the Marquis Ambrose de Spinola'',<ref name="p575628541">{{cite news |date=21 Oct 1916 |title=Henry C. Frick Buys a Rubens: "Portrait of Spinola" Makes 104th Painting He Has Bought |work=New-York Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575628541}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1916-10-21 |title=Frick Adds a Rubens to His Art Collection; Price Paid for Portrait of Marquis de Spinola, a Spanish General, Said to be Very High. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/10/21/archives/frick-adds-a-rubens-to-his-art-collection-price-paid-for-portrait.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304175801/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/10/21/archives/frick-adds-a-rubens-to-his-art-collection-price-paid-for-portrait.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rembrandt's ''An Old Woman Reflecting Over the Lecture'',<ref name="p174110598">{{cite news |date=16 Oct 1916 |title=Frick Adds $250,000 Prize to His Collection of Art: Steel Magnate Buys Rembrandt Painted in 1649--estimated He Has Spent $2,300,000 in Year |work=Chicago Tribune |page=3 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|174110598}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=16 Oct 1916 |title=Frick's $250,000 Gets Rembrandt: Buys "Old Woman Reflecting Over Lecture" for Country Gallery |work=New-York Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575628117}}}}</ref> and [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]]'s ''Mall'' between 1915 and 1916 alone.<ref name="nyt-1916-03-15">{{Cite news |date=1916-03-15 |title=Frick Buys 'Mall' by Gainsborough; Famous Painting Soon to be Hung Among Other Art Treasures in Collector's Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/03/15/archives/frick-buys-mall-by-gainsborough-famous-painting-soon-to-be-hung.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218225312/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/03/15/archives/frick-buys-mall-by-gainsborough-famous-painting-soon-to-be-hung.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> He also bought four [[François Boucher|Boucher]] panels,<ref name="n141464831">{{Cite news |date=1917-01-27 |title=Frick Buys $200,000 Panels |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-buys-200000-pane/141464831/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219000152/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-buys-200000-pane/141464831/ |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=New York Herald |pages=1 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1917-01-27 |title=Frick Buys Four Bouchers; Reported to Have Paid $200,000 for Paintings Representing Seasons. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/27/archives/frick-buys-four-bouchers-reported-to-have-paid-200000-for-paintings.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218225312/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/27/archives/frick-buys-four-bouchers-reported-to-have-paid-200000-for-paintings.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> although he turned down the opportunity to buy additional panels.<ref name="Bailey p. 83">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=83}}</ref> From 1917 through 1919, Frick obtained several pieces of Boucher tapestry furniture,<ref name="p145565141">{{cite news |date=17 June 1917 |title=Rare Art Objects for Frick: Boucher Tapestry Furniture and Portrait Busts Cost $500,000. |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=7 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|145565141}}}}</ref> Van Dyck's ''Countess of Clanbrazil'',<ref name="p575677103">{{cite news |date=20 Feb 1917 |title=$250,000 Van Dyck Portrait Added to Frick Collection: "Countess of Clanbrazil" Now Hangs in the Capitalist's Residence |work=New-York Tribune |page=11 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575677103}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1917-02-20 |title=Frick Buys Famous Van Dyck |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-frick-buys-famous-van-dyck/141465875/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219000155/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-frick-buys-famous-van-dyck/141465875/ |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The Sun |pages=7}}</ref> Hals's ''[[Portrait of a Man (Frans Hals, Frick)|Portrait of a Man]]'',<ref name="Bailey p. 91">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=91}}</ref> Vermeer's ''Mistress and Maid'',<ref name="Bailey p. 91" /><ref name="p510274820">{{cite news |date=22 Sep 1919 |title=Vermeer, a Great Little Master: the Metropolitan Vermeers Clarity Itself |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=14 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510274820}} }}</ref> and a [[Gilbert Stuart]] portrait of [[George Washington]].<ref name="Current Opinion 1920" /><ref name="nyt-1919-03-22">{{Cite news |date=1919-03-22 |title=Frick Pays $75,000 for a Washington; Manufacturer Buys Bust Portrait by Gilbert Stuart for Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/03/22/archives/frick-pays-75000-for-a-washington-manufacturer-buys-bust-portrait.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219020217/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/03/22/archives/frick-pays-75000-for-a-washington-manufacturer-buys-bust-portrait.html |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>
+After Frick had finished his own mansion, he brought over several paintings of his firstborn daughter Martha, who had died in her childhood.<ref name="Skrabec 2014 p. 210"/> He also obtained 14 [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard|Fragonard]] panels from the collection of J. P. Morgan<ref name="Bailey p. 70">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=70}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1915-02-25">{{Cite news |date=February 25, 1915 |title=H.C. Frick Bought Fragonard Room; Panels from Morgan Collection in Metropolitan Museum for His Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/25/archives/hc-frick-bought-fragonard-room-panels-from-morgan-collection-in.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217011237/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/25/archives/hc-frick-bought-fragonard-room-panels-from-morgan-collection-in.html |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |access-date=February 17, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=February 25, 1915 |title=H. C. Frick Buys Fragonard Panels: Gets Morgan Paintings at Price Said to Be Close to $1,500,000 |work=New-York Tribune |page=9 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575357790}}}}</ref> and moved the panels to his house's drawing room.<ref name="p575394249">{{Cite news |date=1915-03-16 |title=Fragonards Moved to New Frick Home; Paintings to be Set in Drawing Room Designed for Them by Sir Charles Allom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/03/16/archives/fragonards-moved-to-new-frick-home-paintings-to-be-set-in-drawing.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218022853/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/03/16/archives/fragonards-moved-to-new-frick-home-paintings-to-be-set-in-drawing.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=16 Mar 1915 |title=Fragonard Panels Now in Frick Home: Paintings Sold by J. P. Morgan Removed From Museum of Art |work=New-York Tribune |page=7 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575394249}}}}</ref><ref name="p502938057">{{Cite news |last=Philpott |first=A J |date=30 May 1915 |title=New York's Real Art Treasures: Boston Pilgrims See Many of Them. Wonderful Paintings in Mr Frick's New House. Society of Printers Shown Many Courtesies |work=Boston Daily Globe |page=25 |id={{ProQuest|502938057}}}}</ref> At the time of the house's completion, he owned paintings by such artists as El Greco, Goya, Hals, Rembrandt, Romney, Titian, Anthony van Dyck, and Velázquez.<ref name="p502938057" /><ref name="nyt-1917-05-13">{{Cite news |date=1917-05-13 |title=Fifth Avenue Homes Which Were Opened to Balfour and Joffre; To Entertain the Visitors, New York Provided Best It Had to Offer, the Astor and Frick Houses |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/05/13/archives/fifth-avenue-homes-which-were-opened-to-balfour-and-joffre-to.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219013308/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/05/13/archives/fifth-avenue-homes-which-were-opened-to-balfour-and-joffre-to.html |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>  In the late 1910s, Frick acquired additional pieces from outside the Morgan collection, such as [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]]'s portrait of [[Thomas Cromwell]],<ref name="p97726552">{{cite news |date=4 May 1915 |title=$235,000 Holbein Bought by Frick: Box Which Aroused Comment on the Philadelphia Contained Famous Painting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/04/archives/235000-holbein-bought-by-frick-box-which-aroused-comment-on-the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218190628/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/04/archives/235000-holbein-bought-by-frick-box-which-aroused-comment-on-the.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |page=7 |id={{ProQuest|97726552}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=4 May 1915 |title=$235,000 Painting Frick's, is Belief: Mysterious Canvas Brought From Liverpool Said to Be Holbein's "Cromwell." |work=New-York Tribune |page=9 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575425037}}}}</ref> [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]]'s ''Portrait of the Marquis Ambrose de Spinola'',<ref name="p575628541">{{cite news |date=21 Oct 1916 |title=Henry C. Frick Buys a Rubens: "Portrait of Spinola" Makes 104th Painting He Has Bought |work=New-York Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575628541}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1916-10-21 |title=Frick Adds a Rubens to His Art Collection; Price Paid for Portrait of Marquis de Spinola, a Spanish General, Said to be Very High. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/10/21/archives/frick-adds-a-rubens-to-his-art-collection-price-paid-for-portrait.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304175801/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/10/21/archives/frick-adds-a-rubens-to-his-art-collection-price-paid-for-portrait.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Rembrandt's ''An Old Woman Reflecting Over the Lecture'',<ref name="p174110598">{{cite news |date=16 Oct 1916 |title=Frick Adds $250,000 Prize to His Collection of Art: Steel Magnate Buys Rembrandt Painted in 1649—estimated He Has Spent $2,300,000 in Year |work=Chicago Tribune |page=3 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|174110598}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=16 Oct 1916 |title=Frick's $250,000 Gets Rembrandt: Buys "Old Woman Reflecting Over Lecture" for Country Gallery |work=New-York Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575628117}}}}</ref> and [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]]'s ''Mall'' between 1915 and 1916 alone.<ref name="nyt-1916-03-15">{{Cite news |date=1916-03-15 |title=Frick Buys 'Mall' by Gainsborough; Famous Painting Soon to be Hung Among Other Art Treasures in Collector's Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1916/03/15/archives/frick-buys-mall-by-gainsborough-famous-painting-soon-to-be-hung.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218225312/https://www.nytimes.com/1916/03/15/archives/frick-buys-mall-by-gainsborough-famous-painting-soon-to-be-hung.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> He also bought four [[François Boucher|Boucher]] panels,<ref name="n141464831">{{Cite news |date=1917-01-27 |title=Frick Buys $200,000 Panels |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-buys-200000-pane/141464831/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219000152/https://www.newspapers.com/article/new-york-herald-frick-buys-200000-pane/141464831/ |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=New York Herald |pages=1 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1917-01-27 |title=Frick Buys Four Bouchers; Reported to Have Paid $200,000 for Paintings Representing Seasons. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/27/archives/frick-buys-four-bouchers-reported-to-have-paid-200000-for-paintings.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218225312/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/27/archives/frick-buys-four-bouchers-reported-to-have-paid-200000-for-paintings.html |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> although he turned down the opportunity to buy additional panels.<ref name="Bailey p. 83">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=83}}</ref> From 1917 through 1919, Frick obtained several pieces of Boucher tapestry furniture,<ref name="p145565141">{{cite news |date=17 June 1917 |title=Rare Art Objects for Frick: Boucher Tapestry Furniture and Portrait Busts Cost $500,000. |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=7 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|145565141}}}}</ref> Van Dyck's ''Countess of Clanbrazil'',<ref name="p575677103">{{cite news |date=20 Feb 1917 |title=$250,000 Van Dyck Portrait Added to Frick Collection: "Countess of Clanbrazil" Now Hangs in the Capitalist's Residence |work=New-York Tribune |page=11 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|575677103}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=1917-02-20 |title=Frick Buys Famous Van Dyck |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-frick-buys-famous-van-dyck/141465875/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219000155/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sun-frick-buys-famous-van-dyck/141465875/ |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=The Sun |pages=7}}</ref> Hals's ''[[Portrait of a Man (Frans Hals, Frick)|Portrait of a Man]]'',<ref name="Bailey p. 91">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=91}}</ref> Vermeer's ''Mistress and Maid'',<ref name="Bailey p. 91" /><ref name="p510274820">{{cite news |date=22 Sep 1919 |title=Vermeer, a Great Little Master: the Metropolitan Vermeers Clarity Itself |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=14 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510274820}} }}</ref> and a [[Gilbert Stuart]] portrait of [[George Washington]].<ref name="Current Opinion 1920" /><ref name="nyt-1919-03-22">{{Cite news |date=1919-03-22 |title=Frick Pays $75,000 for a Washington; Manufacturer Buys Bust Portrait by Gilbert Stuart for Fifth Avenue Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/03/22/archives/frick-pays-75000-for-a-washington-manufacturer-buys-bust-portrait.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219020217/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/03/22/archives/frick-pays-75000-for-a-washington-manufacturer-buys-bust-portrait.html |archive-date=February 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>
 ==== Notable acquisitions after Frick's death ====
@@ Line 175: / Line 176: @@
 |File:The White Horse by John Constable - Google Art Project.jpg|[[John Constable]], ''[[The White Horse (Constable)|The White Horse]]'', 1819<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=28}}</ref>
 |File:Joseph Mallord William Turner - The Harbor of Dieppe - Google Art Project.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner]], ''The Harbour of [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]]'', 1826<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=144}}</ref>
-|File:Turner Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet-Boat, Evening.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner]], ''Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening'', 1826<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=145}}</ref>
+|File:Turner Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet-Boat, Evening.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner]], ''[[Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening]]'', 1826<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=145}}</ref>
-|File:Turner Mortlake Terrace Early Summer Morning 1826.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner]], ''Mortlake Terrace Early Summer Morning'', 1826<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=146}}</ref>
+|File:Turner Mortlake Terrace Early Summer Morning 1826.jpg|[[J. M. W. Turner]], ''[[Mortlake Terrace: Early Summer Morning]]'', 1826<ref>{{harvnb|The Frick Collection|2016|ps=.|p=146}}</ref>
 }}
 {{gallery
@@ Line 226: / Line 227: @@
 The interiors were designed by a variety of people. The British decorator [[Charles Allom]] furnished most of the rooms on the ground floor,<ref name="nysun1">{{cite news |last=Morrone |first=Francis |date=December 8, 2006 |title=The House That Frick Built |url=http://www.nysun.com/arts/house-that-frick-built/44851/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209224936/http://www.nysun.com/arts/house-that-frick-built/44851 |archive-date=February 9, 2018 |access-date=November 8, 2013 |newspaper=[[The New York Sun]] |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="Bailey p. 47">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=47}}</ref> while the majority of the rooms on the second and third floors were decorated by [[Elsie de Wolfe]].<ref name="Bailey p. 63">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|page=63}}</ref><ref name="NPS pp. 18–19">{{harvnb|National Park Service|2008|ps=.|pp=18–19}}</ref> Charles Carstairs and Joseph Duveen provided the original decorations for the rooms.<ref name="NPS p. 19">{{harvnb|National Park Service|2008|ps=.|p=19}}</ref><ref name="Bailey pp. 70–73">{{harvnb|Bailey|2006|ps=.|pages=70, 73}}</ref> Inside the house are the museum's galleries (adapted from the old living spaces of the mansion), as well as a courtyard with reflecting pool,<ref name="p1821138411">{{Cite news |last=Jackson |first=Nancy |date=April 28, 1985 |title=Art dwells in millionaires' homes |work=Boston Globe |page=B17 |id={{ProQuest|1821138411}}}}</ref><ref name="Morrone 2009 p. 299" /> the latter of which is based on a Roman atrium.<ref name="Kugel 2008 n675">{{cite web |last=Kugel |first=Seth |date=May 25, 2008 |title=Weekend in New York: Small Gardens |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/25/travel/25weekend.html |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Some parts of the house have been modified over the years specifically to accommodate the artwork, including a room for the Fragonard panels.<ref name="nyt-1986-04-13">{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=John |date=April 13, 1986 |title=Art View; Sprucing Up Rejuvenates Some Superb Fragonards |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/13/arts/art-view-sprucing-up-rejuvenates-some-superb-fragonards.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214606/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/13/arts/art-view-sprucing-up-rejuvenates-some-superb-fragonards.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the artwork and artifacts on display, there are bookcases placed throughout the Frick House's rooms,<ref name="p1821138411" /> and some rooms have various other pieces of furniture such as a dining table.<ref name="Glueck 1987 z050" />
-== Frick Art Reference Library ==
+== Frick Art Research Library ==
-{{Main|Frick Art Reference Library|Frick Art Reference Library Photoarchive}}
+{{Main|Frick Art Research Library|Frick Art Research Library Photoarchive}}
-The Frick Collection oversees the Frick Art Reference Library,<ref name="Ballard 2016 p. 37">{{harvnb|ps=.|Ballard|2016|page=37}}</ref> which was established in 1920 and opened to researchers in June 1924.<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=Hannah Johnson |year=1951 |title=The Frick Art Reference Library |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/772702 |journal=College Art Journal |publisher=[College Art Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.] |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=123–126 |doi=10.2307/772702 |issn=1543-6322 |jstor=772702 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221002/https://www.jstor.org/stable/772702 |url-status=live}}</ref> The library is housed at a 13-story building at 10 East 71st Street (next to the original mansion).<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126" /><ref name="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2014 c380" /><ref name="p1490935602">{{Cite magazine |last=Morais |first=Richard C. |date=January 20, 2014 |title=The Precious Frick Library |magazine=Barron's |page=35 |volume=94 |issue=3 |id={{ProQuest|1490935602}}}}</ref> Prior to the library building's opening, the basement bowling alley was used as storage space for the library's collection.<ref name="p382473031" /><ref name="nyt-2000-10-15">{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=October 15, 2000 |title=Streetscapes/The Frick Art Reference Library; A Memorial Built by a Daughter for Her Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/realestate/streetscapes-frick-art-reference-library-memorial-built-daughter-for-her-father.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214424/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/realestate/streetscapes-frick-art-reference-library-memorial-built-daughter-for-her-father.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1490935602" /> The library has always been open to the public, except during World War II, when it was closed for six months,<ref name="p1490935602" /> and during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 renovation, when it was shuttered while being moved to the Frick Madison.<ref name="Kenney 2020 j291" /> The library is typically open free of charge to "any adult with a serious interest in art".<ref name="nyt-2000-10-15" /> In the late 20th century, the library served 6,000 people a year on average, most of whom made advance reservations or requests.<ref name="The New York Times 1990 q695" />
-Helen Frick acted as director for six decades, during which time its collection expanded to include 50,000 sales catalogs, 400,000 photographs, and 150,000 books.<ref name="The New York Times 1984 n368">{{cite web |last=Russell |first=John |date=November 10, 1984 |title=Helen Clay Frick Dies at 96; Founded Art Library in 1920 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/10/obituaries/helen-clay-frick-dies-at-96-founded-art-library-in-1920.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029160054/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/10/obituaries/helen-clay-frick-dies-at-96-founded-art-library-in-1920.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the 1990s, the library had an estimated 235,000 volumes,<ref name="The New York Times 1990 q695">{{cite web |last=Shepard |first=Richard F. |date=December 30, 1990 |title=Frick Reference Library Is Obliged to Seek Funds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/30/arts/frick-reference-library-is-obliged-to-seek-funds.html |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201215093957/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/30/arts/frick-reference-library-is-obliged-to-seek-funds.html |url-status=live}}</ref> which grew to 280,000 by the late 2000s.<ref name="p382473031" /> The collections of the library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century to the mid-twentieth century, and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials supplement its research collections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Feuer |first1=Alan |date=June 10, 2009 |title=In Frick's Basement, a Secret Masterpiece |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/nyregion/11rooms.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823174219/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/nyregion/11rooms.html |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Frick Art Reference Library Photoarchive]] contains over a million photocopies of artwork, including objects that are not in the museum's collection.<ref name="p1490935602" /><ref name="nyt-2017-03-142">{{Cite news |last=Loos |first=Ted |date=2017-03-14 |title='Photo Archives Are Sleeping Beauties.' Pharos Is Their Prince. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/arts/design/art-history-digital-archive-museums-pharos.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>
+The Frick Collection oversees the Frick Art Research Library,<ref name="Ballard 2016 p. 37">{{harvnb|ps=.|Ballard|2016|page=37}}</ref> which was established in 1920 and opened to researchers in June 1924.<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=Hannah Johnson |year=1951 |title=The Frick Art Reference Library |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/772702 |journal=College Art Journal |publisher=[College Art Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.] |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=123–126 |doi=10.2307/772702 |issn=1543-6322 |jstor=772702 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129221002/https://www.jstor.org/stable/772702 |url-status=live}}</ref> The library is housed at a 13-story building at 10 East 71st Street (next to the original mansion).<ref name="Howell 1951 pp. 123–126" /><ref name="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2014 c380" /><ref name="p1490935602">{{Cite magazine |last=Morais |first=Richard C. |date=January 20, 2014 |title=The Precious Frick Library |magazine=Barron's |page=35 |volume=94 |issue=3 |id={{ProQuest|1490935602}}}}</ref> Prior to the library building's opening, the basement bowling alley was used as storage space for the library's collection.<ref name="p382473031" /><ref name="nyt-2000-10-15">{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=October 15, 2000 |title=Streetscapes/The Frick Art Reference Library; A Memorial Built by a Daughter for Her Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/realestate/streetscapes-frick-art-reference-library-memorial-built-daughter-for-her-father.html |access-date=February 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331  |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203214424/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/15/realestate/streetscapes-frick-art-reference-library-memorial-built-daughter-for-her-father.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="p1490935602" /> The library has always been open to the public, except during World War II, when it was closed for six months,<ref name="p1490935602" /> and during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 renovation, when it was shuttered while being moved to the Frick Madison.<ref name="Kenney 2020 j291" /> The library is typically open free of charge to "any adult with a serious interest in art".<ref name="nyt-2000-10-15" /> In the late 20th century, the library served 6,000 people a year on average, most of whom made advance reservations or requests.<ref name="The New York Times 1990 q695" />
+Helen Frick acted as director for six decades, during which time its collection expanded to include 50,000 sales catalogs, 400,000 photographs, and 150,000 books.<ref name="The New York Times 1984 n368">{{cite web |last=Russell |first=John |date=November 10, 1984 |title=Helen Clay Frick Dies at 96; Founded Art Library in 1920 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/10/obituaries/helen-clay-frick-dies-at-96-founded-art-library-in-1920.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029160054/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/10/obituaries/helen-clay-frick-dies-at-96-founded-art-library-in-1920.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the 1990s, the library had an estimated 235,000 volumes,<ref name="The New York Times 1990 q695">{{cite web |last=Shepard |first=Richard F. |date=December 30, 1990 |title=Frick Reference Library Is Obliged to Seek Funds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/30/arts/frick-reference-library-is-obliged-to-seek-funds.html |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201215093957/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/30/arts/frick-reference-library-is-obliged-to-seek-funds.html |url-status=live}}</ref> which grew to 280,000 by the late 2000s.<ref name="p382473031" /> The collections of the library focus on art of the Western tradition from the fourth century to the mid-twentieth century, and chiefly include information about paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints, and illuminated manuscripts. Archival materials supplement its research collections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Feuer |first1=Alan |date=June 10, 2009 |title=In Frick's Basement, a Secret Masterpiece |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/nyregion/11rooms.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823174219/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/nyregion/11rooms.html |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |access-date=August 23, 2019 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The [[Frick Art Research Library Photoarchive]] contains over a million photocopies of artwork, including objects that are not in the museum's collection.<ref name="p1490935602" /><ref name="nyt-2017-03-142">{{Cite news |last=Loos |first=Ted |date=2017-03-14 |title='Photo Archives Are Sleeping Beauties.' Pharos Is Their Prince. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/arts/design/art-history-digital-archive-museums-pharos.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref>
 The Frick has been part of the [[New York Art Resources Consortium]] (NYARC), which also includes the [[Museum of Modern Art]] and [[Brooklyn Museum]], since 2007.<ref name="Pogrebin 2010 v119" /> NYARC operates Arcade, an online catalog that combines the collections of the three museums' libraries.<ref name="Pogrebin 2010 v119">{{cite web |last=Pogrebin |first=Robin |date=March 14, 2010 |title=New York Museum Libraries Unite Decades of Research |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/18/arts/artsspecial/18LIBRARY.html |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="p1019972435">{{cite news |last=Keogh |first=K. M. |date=Apr 2012 |title=New York Art Resources Consortium |work=Choice |page=1414 |volume=49 |issue=8 |id={{ProQuest|1019972435}}}}</ref> The Center for the History of Collecting, also founded in 2007,<ref name="p126722473">{{cite news |last=Gardner |first=Ralph Jr. |date=January 9, 2013 |title=The Art of Collecting |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323936804578229893194035224 |access-date=February 10, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A.16  |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|126722473}}}}</ref> is also part of the library.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 z806">{{cite press release |title=Frick Art Reference Library's Center for the History of Collecting Reaches a Milestone and Celebrates Tenth Anniversary |website=The Frick Collection |date=August 5, 2020 |url=https://www.frick.org/press/frick_art_reference_library%E2%80%99s_center_for_history_collecting_reaches_milestone_celebrates_tenth |access-date=February 10, 2024}}</ref> The Frick is a member of the International Consortium of Photo Archives (PHAROS), which operates a database of digitized artworks from the collections of 14 art museums.<ref name="nyt-2017-03-142" />
 == Management ==
-The Frick Collection is operated by a [[nonprofit organization]] of the same name, which is dedicated to conserving the artworks in the museum's collection.<ref name="GuideStar Profile z310">{{cite web |title=The Frick Collection |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-1624012 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=GuideStar Profile |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-1624012 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2024}}, Ian Wardropper is the Frick's director, while Xavier F. Salomon is the chief curator.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 a293">{{cite web |date=August 5, 2020 |title=Staff |url=https://www.frick.org/about/staff |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=The Frick Collection}}</ref> The director's position has been known as the ''Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Director'' since 2020,<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 s329">{{cite press release |title=Frick Directorship Named in Honor of Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen |website=The Frick Collection |date=August 5, 2020 |url=https://www.frick.org/press/frick_directorship_named_honor_anna-maria_stephen_kellen |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.frick.org/press/frick_directorship_named_honor_anna-maria_stephen_kellen |url-status=live}}</ref> while the chief curator's position is known as the ''Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator''.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 j773">{{cite press release |title=Xavier F. Salomon Appointed Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator of The Frick Collection |website=The Frick Collection |date=August 5, 2020 |url=https://www.frick.org/press/xavier_f_salomon_appointed_peter_jay_sharp_chief_curator_frick_collection |access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref>
+The Frick Collection is operated by a [[nonprofit organization]] of the same name, which is dedicated to conserving the artworks in the museum's collection.<ref name="GuideStar Profile z310">{{cite web |title=The Frick Collection |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-1624012 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=GuideStar Profile |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.guidestar.org/profile/13-1624012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Axel Rüger was named the Frick's director in 2024,<ref name="Pogrebin k368"/> while Xavier F. Salomon is the chief curator.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 a293">{{cite web |date=August 5, 2020 |title=Staff |url=https://www.frick.org/about/staff |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=The Frick Collection}}</ref> The director's position has been known as the ''Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Director'' since 2020,<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 s329">{{cite press release |title=Frick Directorship Named in Honor of Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen |website=The Frick Collection |date=August 5, 2020 |url=https://www.frick.org/press/frick_directorship_named_honor_anna-maria_stephen_kellen |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129030557/https://www.frick.org/press/frick_directorship_named_honor_anna-maria_stephen_kellen |url-status=live}}</ref> while the chief curator's position is known as the ''Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator''.<ref name="The Frick Collection 2020 j773">{{cite press release |title=Xavier F. Salomon Appointed Peter Jay Sharp Chief Curator of The Frick Collection |website=The Frick Collection |date=August 5, 2020 |url=https://www.frick.org/press/xavier_f_salomon_appointed_peter_jay_sharp_chief_curator_frick_collection |access-date=February 9, 2024}}</ref>
 The museum's [[board of trustees]] originally comprised nine trustees<ref name="New York Herald Tribune 1931a" /> and was largely composed of Frick family members.<ref name="p817587039" /> The board was relatively small during the 20th century, with nine trustees until the 1990s<ref name="Vogel 1998" /> and eleven by 2003.<ref name="p1898256328" /> Under Poulet's directorship, in the 2000s, the board was expanded by 10 members<ref name="nyt-2010-09-22" /> and was broadened to include more people from outside the Frick family.<ref name="nyt-2006-03-29" /><ref name="p817587039" /> Poulet also introduced the Director's Circle, a group of 44 members who each give a minimum of $25,000 a year to the Frick Collection.<ref name="p817587039" /><ref name="nyt-2010-09-22" />
@@ Line 292: / Line 294: @@
 * {{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Colin B. |title=Fragonard's Progress of Love at the Frick Collection |date=2011 |publisher=D Gilles |others=Frick Collection |isbn=978-1-904832-60-7}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Focarino |first=Joseph |title=The Frick Collection. 9: Drawings, prints, and later acquisitions |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-691-03836-0}}
+* {{cite book | last=Salomon | first=Xavier F. | title=Frick Madison: The Frick Collection at the Breuer Building | publisher=Giles | publication-place=New York, NY | date=2021-09-07 | isbn=978-1-913875-03-9 | page=}} (Foreword by [[Roxane Gay]]; photographed by Joe Coscia Jr.; with texts by [[Ian Wardropper]] and [[Xavier F. Salomon]].)
 * {{Cite book |title=Handbook of Paintings |date=2004 |publisher=The Frick Collection |isbn=978-1-85759-328-0 |editor-last=Koss |editor-first=Elaine }}
 * {{Cite book |title=Art in the Frick Collection: paintings, sculpture, decorative arts |date=1996 |publisher=Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-1972-3 |editor-last=Ryskamp |editor-first=Charles |editor-last2=Focarino |editor-first2=Joseph |editor-last3=DiLiberto |editor-first3=Richard |editor-last4=Frick Collection}}
@@ Line 321: / Line 324: @@
 [[Category:Fifth Avenue]]
 [[Category:Former private collections in the United States]]
-[[Category:Frick Art Reference Library]]
+[[Category:Frick Art Research Library]]
 [[Category:Museums in Manhattan]]
 [[Category:Upper East Side]]

v t e Museums in Manhattan
Financial District and Battery Park (Below Chambers St)	Castle Clinton China Institute Federal Hall National Memorial Fraunces Tavern George Gustav Heye Center Mercer Labs Museum of Art and Technology Mmuseumm Museum of American Finance Museum of Jewish Heritage National September 11 Memorial & Museum New York City Police Museum Skyscraper Museum South Street Seaport
Lower Manhattan (Chambers-14th Sts)	Asian American Arts Centre Drawing Center Eldridge Street Synagogue FusionArts Museums Hall des Lumieres International Center of Photography Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art Lower East Side Tenement Museum Merchant's House Museum Museum of Chinese in America New Museum New York City Fire Museum The Theatre Museum Ukrainian Museum Whitney Museum of American Art
Chelsea, Flatiron, Gramercy (14th-34th Sts)	Center for Jewish History Dia Chelsea Fotografiska New York John J. Harvey The Museum at FIT Museum of Sex National Museum of Mathematics Print Center New York Poster House Rubin Museum of Art The Shed Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace Tibet House
Midtown (34th-59th Sts)	Houdini Museum of New York Intrepid Museum Japan Society John M. Mossman Lock Museum Madame Tussauds New York Morgan Library & Museum Museum of Arts and Design Museum of Broadway Museum of Modern Art New York Public Library Main Branch New York Transit Museum Paley Center for Media Scandinavia House United Nations Art Collection
Upper West Side (59th-125th Sts west of 5th Av)	American Folk Art Museum American Museum of Natural History Rose Center for Earth and Space Carnegie Hall (Rose Museum) Children's Museum of Manhattan New York Historical New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Nicholas Roerich Museum
Upper East Side and East Harlem (59th-125th Sts on or near 5th Av)	The Africa Center Asia Society Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum El Museo del Barrio Frick Collection Frick Madison Gracie Mansion Grolier Club Guggenheim Museum Jewish Museum Metropolitan Museum of Art Mount Vernon Hotel Museum Museum of Motherhood Museum of the City of New York National Academy Museum and School Neue Galerie New York
Upper Manhattan (Above 125th St)	American Academy of Arts and Letters The Cloisters Dyckman House Hamilton Grange National Memorial Hispanic Society of America Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center Morris–Jumel Mansion National Jazz Museum in Harlem National Track and Field Hall of Fame Yeshiva University Museum Studio Museum in Harlem
Islands	Ellis Island Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty Museum
Defunct	Chelsea Art Museum Dahesh Museum of Art Forbes Galleries Girl Scout Museum and Archives KGB Espionage Museum Met Breuer Museum of Biblical Art Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art Museum of Primitive Art Rock&Roll Hall of Fame: NYC
Related	Museum Mile

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