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{{no footnotes|date=July 2015}}{{Infobox Biography
[[File:Stefan_Marko_Daxner_1864_Weibezahl.jpg|thumb|Štefan Marko Daxner (1864)]]
| name = Štefan Marko Daxner
⚫
'''Štefan Marko Daxner''', {{lang-hu|'''Daxner István Márk'''}} (22 December, 1822, [[Tiszolc|Tiszolc(z)]] ({{lang-de|Theißholz}}, {{lang-sk|[[Tisovec]]}}), [[Gömör és Kis-Hont County|Gömör-Kis-Hont]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Royal Hungary]], [[Austrian Empire|Imperial Austria]] {{ndash}} 11 April, 1891, Tiszolc) was an ethnic [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[Zeman (nobleman)|lower nobleman]], politician, lawyer, and poet in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was one of the most significant persons in Slovak history of the 19th century. He was a member of the [[Ľudovít Štúr]] generation.
| image = Stefan Marko Daxner 1864 Weibezahl.jpg
| birth_place = [[Tisovec]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1892|04|11|1822|12|26}}
| death_place = [[Tisovec]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| occupation = [[Politician]], [[lawyer]], [[publicist]] and national awakener
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}}


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'''Štefan Marko Daxner''', {{langx|hu|[[Zabar, Hungary|tóth-zabar]]i '''Daxner István Márk'''}} (22 December 1822, [[Tiszolc]]z ({{langx|de|Theißholz}}, {{langx|sk|[[Tisovec]]}}), [[Gömör és Kis-Hont County|Gömör-Kis-Hont]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Austrian Empire]] {{ndash}} 11 April 1891, Tiszolc, [[Kingdom of Hungary]]) was an ethnic [[Slovakia|Slovak]] [[Zeman (nobleman)|lower nobleman]], politician, lawyer, and poet in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was a member of what became known as the [[Ľudovít Štúr]] generation.
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His family ({{lang-hu|a {{ill|sk|Daxner|Daxner (priezvisko)|Daxner család}}|}})<ref>[[:hu:Borz (heraldika]]</ref> is an old [[Zeman (nobleman)|lower noble family]], which emigrated from Switzerland to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th Century.
[[File:Štefan Marko Daxner - "ideologist" of the national movement.webm|thumb|Štefan Marko Daxner - "ideologist" of the national movement; movie document by Slovak Matica]]


⚫
His family ({{langx|hu|a {{Interlanguage link multi|Daxner|de|3=Daxner|lt=Daxner család}}|}}) is an old [[Zeman (nobleman)|lower noble family]], which emigrated from Switzerland to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th century.
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He studied at the Lutheran Lyceum (preparatory high school plus freshmen college) of [[Bratislava]] and at the College of [[Prešov]]. Between 1846-72 he was a lawyer in Tisovec, an official of several [[comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)|counties]] and an associate judge of the Commercial Court of [[Debrecen]].


== Biography ==
⚫
In 1847, during the [[1848 Revolution|1848-1849 Revolution]], Daxner outlined a program unifying the requests for national (Slovak), cultural, political and social liberties. He was sentenced to death by Hungarian authorities in 1848, but was freed by the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army (which was fighting together with Slovaks against the Hungarians) and became a captain of Slovak volunteer campaigns during the 1848-1849 revolution. His German surnames and German blood ancestors became the most significant consideration by the Austrian Imperial to help him.
[[File:Bust of Štefan Marko Daxner in The Alley of National Awakeners, Martin, Slovakia.jpg|thumb|Bust of Štefan Marko Daxner in The Alley of National Awakeners, Martin, Slovakia]]
⚫
Daxner studied at the Lutheran Lyceum (preparatory high school plus freshmen college) of Pressburg (Pozsony, today's [[Bratislava]]) and at the College of [[Prešov]] (Eperjes). Between 1846 and 1872 he was a lawyer in Tisovec (Tiszolc), an official of several [[comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)|counties]] and an associate judge of the Commercial Court of [[Debrecen]].


⚫
In 1847, just before the [[1848 Revolution|1848-1849 Revolution]], Daxner outlined a program unifying the requests for national (Slovak), cultural, political and social liberties. He was sentenced to death by Hungarian authorities in 1848, but was freed by the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army (which was fighting together with Slovaks against the Hungarians) and became a captain of a unit of Slovak volunteers during the 1848-1849 revolution.
⚫
He was a co-author of the Slovak [[Requests of Liptovský Mikuláš]] (1848), [[Requests of the Slovak Nation]] (1848), [[Memorandum of the Slovak Nation]] in 1861, and was one of the founders of the [[Matica slovenská]] (Slovak Foundation) in 1863. He was also a founder of the first Slovak [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in [[Revúca]] in 1862.

⚫
He was a co-author of the Slovak [[Requests of Liptovský Mikuláš]] (Liptószentmiklós, 1848), [[Requests of the Slovak Nation]] (1848), [[Memorandum of the Slovak Nation]] in 1861, and was one of the founders of the [[Matica slovenská]] (Slovak Foundation) in 1863. He was also a founder of the first Slovak [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in [[Revúca]] (Nagyrőce) in 1862.


He is buried at the [[National Cemetery in Martin]].
He is buried at the [[National Cemetery in Martin]].

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== See also ==
== Philosophical views ==
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{{commons category|Štefan Marko Daxner}}
Lukáš Perný emphasizes that Daxner transformed [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]]'s idea of [[Political equality|equality]] between people into the idea of equality between nations and also adds that Daxner was one of the most advanced social and philosophers of law in the Slovak 19th century. <ref>PERNÝ, Lukáš. Štefan Marko Daxner. Matica slovenská, 2022-04-11. https://matica.sk/stefan-marko-daxner/</ref>
Dalimír Hajko states that "all of Daxner's political considerations published in the press were directly connected primarily with questions of practical ethics and philosophical questions of law, because it was these problem areas that most recently connected with the national emancipation process…" <ref>HAJKO, D.: Slovenské provokácie. Bratislava : Vydavateľstvo Spolku slovenských spisovateľov, 2018.</ref>
Rudolf Dupkala recalls that Daxner followed the [[Ľudovít Štúr|Štúr]]´s understanding of the [[nation]], the concept of the [[social contract]] according to [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|J. J. Rousseau]] and [[French Revolution|the French Revolution]]. <ref>DUPKALA, R. (jr): Sociálno-politické myslenie Š. M. Daxnera. In: SPOŁECZEŃSTWO I EDUKACJA Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne 1/2012, s. 99-105.</ref>

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== Sources ==
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* [http://www.osobnosti.sk/index.php?os=zivotopis&ID=59041 Brief Biography] @ Osobnosti.
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* [http://www.oskole.sk/?id_cat=8&clanok=2824 Biographical notes] @ O Škole.
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* [http://www.presov.sk/portal/?c=12&id=14363 Brief biography] @ the Prešov website.

== External links ==
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{{commonscat inline|Štefan Marko Daxner}}

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{{Authority control}}
== References ==
== References ==
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{{Reflist}}
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* http://www.osobnosti.sk/index.php?os=zivotopis&ID=59041
* http://zlatyfond.sme.sk/dielo/1457/Daxner_V-sluzbe-naroda/bibliografia
* http://www.bystricky-sucasnik.sk/news/poziadavky-slovakov-vypracoval-stefan-marko-daxner-z-tisovca/
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* http://www.oskole.sk/?id_cat=8&clanok=2824
* http://www.tasr.sk/10/10522.axd?k=20110603TBB00183
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* http://www.presov.sk/portal/?c=12&id=14363
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{{Reflist}}
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{{Authority control|VIAF=84952667}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
|NAME = Daxner, Stefan Marko
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Slovak politician
|DATE OF BIRTH = 22 December 1822
|PLACE OF BIRTH =
|DATE OF DEATH = 11 April 1891
|PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Daxner, Stefan Marko}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Daxner, Stefan Marko}}
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Slovak people]]
[[Category:People from Tisovec]]
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[[Category:19th-century Hungarian writers]]
[[Category:Slovak National Party (historical) politicians]]
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[[Category:Slovak writers]]
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[[Category:Slovak lawyers]]
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[[Category:Slovak nobility]]
[[Category:Hungarian nobility]]
[[Category:Hungarian nobility]]
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[[Category:Slovak nobility]]
[[Category:Writers from the Austrian Empire]]
[[Category:Writers from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Hungarian people of Swiss descent]]
[[Category:Hungarian people of Swiss descent]]
[[Category:Slovak people of German descent]]
[[Category:Slovak people of Swiss descent]]
[[Category:People from Tisovec]]
[[Category:Slovak National Party (historical) politicians]]
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[[Category:19th-century Hungarian writers]]

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[[Category:19th-century Slovak writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Hungarian lawyers]]
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[[Category:Slovak writers]]
[[Category:Burials at National Cemetery in Martin]]
[[Category:Burials at National Cemetery in Martin]]
{{Slovakia-politician-stub}}
{{Slovakia-writer-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:29, 31 October 2024

Štefan Marko Daxner
Born
Tisovec, Austria-Hungary
DiedApril 11, 1892(1892-04-11) (aged 69)
Tisovec, Austria-Hungary
Occupation(s)Politician, lawyer, publicist and national awakener

Štefan Marko Daxner, Hungarian: tóth-zabari Daxner István Márk (22 December 1822, Tiszolcz (German: Theißholz, Slovak: Tisovec), Gömör-Kis-Hont, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire – 11 April 1891, Tiszolc, Kingdom of Hungary) was an ethnic Slovak lower nobleman, politician, lawyer, and poet in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was a member of what became known as the Ľudovít Štúr generation.

Štefan Marko Daxner - "ideologist" of the national movement; movie document by Slovak Matica

His family (Hungarian: a Daxner család [de]) is an old lower noble family, which emigrated from Switzerland to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th century.

Biography

[edit]
Bust of Štefan Marko Daxner in The Alley of National Awakeners, Martin, Slovakia

Daxner studied at the Lutheran Lyceum (preparatory high school plus freshmen college) of Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava) and at the College of Prešov (Eperjes). Between 1846 and 1872 he was a lawyer in Tisovec (Tiszolc), an official of several counties and an associate judge of the Commercial Court of Debrecen.

In 1847, just before the 1848-1849 Revolution, Daxner outlined a program unifying the requests for national (Slovak), cultural, political and social liberties. He was sentenced to death by Hungarian authorities in 1848, but was freed by the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army (which was fighting together with Slovaks against the Hungarians) and became a captain of a unit of Slovak volunteers during the 1848-1849 revolution.

He was a co-author of the Slovak Requests of Liptovský Mikuláš (Liptószentmiklós, 1848), Requests of the Slovak Nation (1848), Memorandum of the Slovak Nation in 1861, and was one of the founders of the Matica slovenská (Slovak Foundation) in 1863. He was also a founder of the first Slovak Gymnasium in Revúca (Nagyrőce) in 1862.

He is buried at the National Cemetery in Martin.

Philosophical views

[edit]

Lukáš Perný emphasizes that Daxner transformed Rousseau's idea of equality between people into the idea of equality between nations and also adds that Daxner was one of the most advanced social and philosophers of law in the Slovak 19th century. [1] Dalimír Hajko states that "all of Daxner's political considerations published in the press were directly connected primarily with questions of practical ethics and philosophical questions of law, because it was these problem areas that most recently connected with the national emancipation process…" [2] Rudolf Dupkala recalls that Daxner followed the Štúr´s understanding of the nation, the concept of the social contract according to J. J. Rousseau and the French Revolution. [3]

Sources

[edit]
[edit]

Media related to Štefan Marko Daxner at Wikimedia Commons

References

[edit]
  1. ^ PERNÝ, Lukáš. Štefan Marko Daxner. Matica slovenská, 2022-04-11. https://matica.sk/stefan-marko-daxner/
  2. ^ HAJKO, D.: Slovenské provokácie. Bratislava : Vydavateľstvo Spolku slovenských spisovateľov, 2018.
  3. ^ DUPKALA, R. (jr): Sociálno-politické myslenie Š. M. Daxnera. In: SPOŁECZEŃSTWO I EDUKACJA Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne 1/2012, s. 99-105.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Štefan_Marko_Daxner&oldid=1254467270"