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{{short description|Proposed airborne early warning aircraft}}
{{short description|Proposed airborne early warning aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = Yak-44
| name = Yak-44
|image =
| image =
|caption =
| caption =
| type = Carrier-based [[airborne early warning and control]]
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
| manufacturer = [[Yakovlev]]
|type = Carrier-based [[Airborne Early Warning and Control]]
| designer =
|manufacturer = [[Yakovlev]]
| first_flight =
|designer =
| introduction =
|first flight =
| retired =
|introduced =
| status = Cancelled before prototype construction
|retired =
| primary_user =
|status = Cancelled before prototype construction
| more_users = <!--limited to three "more users" total. please separate with <br />.-->
|primary user =
| produced = <!--years in production, e.g. 1970–1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
|more users = <!--limited to three "more users" total. please separate with <br />.-->
| number_built =
|produced = <!--years in production, e.g. 1970–1999, if still in active use but no longer built-->
| unit cost =
|number built =
|unit cost =
| variants =
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}}
}}
[[File:Полетная палуба ТААКР Ульяновск.jpg|thumb|305x305px|'''Yak-44''' and [[Sukhoi Su-33|Su-33]] on the deck of ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk|Ulyanovsk]].'']]
|}
The '''Yakovlev Yak-44''' ({{langx|ru|link=yes|Як-44}}) was a proposed twin-[[turboprop]] [[Airborne Early Warning]] (AEW) aircraft, resembling the [[United States Navy]]'s [[E-2 Hawkeye]], intended for use with the [[Soviet Navy]]'s [[Soviet aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk|''Ulyanovsk'' class]] [[supercarrier]]s. Along with the [[aircraft carrier]] it would have flown from, the Yak-44 was cancelled after the demise of the [[Soviet Union]]. A full-scale mockup with foldable wings was built.

The '''Yakovlev Yak-44''' ({{lang-ru|link=yes|Як-44}}) was a proposed twin-[[turboprop]] [[Airborne Early Warning]] (AEW) aircraft, resembling the [[United States Navy]]'s [[E-2 Hawkeye]], intended for use with the [[Soviet Navy]]'s [[Soviet aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk|''Ulyanovsk'' class]] [[supercarrier]]s. Along with the [[aircraft carrier]] it would have flown from, the Yak-44 was cancelled after the demise of the [[Soviet Union]]. A full-scale mockup with foldable wings was built.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
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==Specifications (Yak-44E)==
==Specifications (Yak-44E)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aircraft specifications
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<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop

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|ref=Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924<ref name="GunYak p202"/>
|ref=Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924<ref name="GunYak p202"/>
|prime units?=met
|crew= five
<!--
|capacity=
General characteristics
|length main=20.39 m
-->
|length alt= 66 ft 10¾ in
|crew=5
|span main=25.70 m
|length m=20.39
|span alt= 84 ft 3¾ in
|length note=
|height main= 7.0 m<ref name="Brasseys96 p180-1">Taylor 1996, pp. 180–181.</ref>
|span m=25.7
|height alt= 22 ft 11½ in
|area main=
|span note=
|area alt=
|height m=7
|height note=<ref name="Brasseys96 p180-1">Taylor 1996, pp. 180–181.</ref>
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=
|wing area sqm=
|empty weight alt=
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|loaded weight main=
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|loaded weight alt=
|empty weight kg=
|useful load main=
|empty weight note=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 40,000 kg
|gross weight kg=
|max takeoff weight alt= 88,200 lb
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=40000
|engine (prop)= [[Progress D-27]]
|max takeoff weight note=
|type of prop= [[propfan]]
|fuel capacity=
|number of props= 2
|more general=
|power main= 10,290 kW
<!--
|power alt=14,000 ehp
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Progress D-27]]
|eng1 type=[[propfan]]
|eng1 kw=10290
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=14
|prop name= SPE Aerosila SV-27
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=contra-rotating propfan (8 blades fwd, 6 blades aft)
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=740
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=4000
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|combat range km=
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|ceiling m=13000
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|wing loading kg/m2=
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*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Take-off run to {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run from {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}-->


|max speed main= 740 km/h
|max speed alt= 460 mph
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|range main= 4,000 km
|range alt= 2,486 mi
|ceiling main= 13,000 m
|ceiling alt= 42,650 ft
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|armament=
|avionics=
|avionics=

}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Russia|Aviation}}
{{aircontent|
{{aircontent|
|related=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Grumman E-2 Hawkeye]]
* [[Grumman E-2 Hawkeye]]
* [[Grumman C-2 Greyhound]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
* [[Antonov An-71]]
* [[Antonov An-71]]
* [[Antonov An-71#Carrier-based variant|Antonov An-75]] - proposed carrier compatible version of the AN-71
}}
}}


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==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite web |website=A.S. Yakovlev design bureau |title=Large model of the Yak-44E, from the Yakovlev Design Bureau museum |url=http://www.yak.ru/PIC/FIRM/MUSEUM/yak-44E.jpg |format=JPG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065101/http://www.yak.ru/PIC/FIRM/MUSEUM/yak-44E.jpg |archive-date=2016-11-30 |access-date=November 29, 2019}}
{{commons category|Yakovlev aircraft}}
**{{cite web |title=Design Bureau museum |website=A.S. Yakovlev design bureau |url=http://www.yak.ru/ENG/FIRM/hist5.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224103310/http://www.yak.ru/ENG/FIRM/hist5.php |archive-date=2019-12-24}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060226204206/http://www.aviation.ru/Yak/Yak-44.gif.html Line drawing]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060226204206/http://www.aviation.ru/Yak/Yak-44.gif.html Line drawing]
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.ozakaz.ru/index.php/articles/15032008/229-n2011-03-28-0338 |language=ru |title=Eagle eye fleet: Yak-44E radar patrol and guidance aircraft |date=March 2008 |number=18 |given=Vadim |surname=Abidin |magazine=Oboronnyy Zakaz (Defense Order) |via=A.S. Yakovlev design bureau, Kryl'ia Rodiny (Wings of the Motherland) magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518064427/http://www.yak.ru/DOCS/Yak-44E.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=May 18, 2019 |access-date=July 17, 2019 }}


{{Yakovlev aircraft}}
{{Yakovlev aircraft}}
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[[Category:AEW aircraft]]
[[Category:AEW aircraft]]
[[Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Propfan-powered aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 05:11, 31 October 2024

Yak-44
General information
TypeCarrier-based airborne early warning and control
ManufacturerYakovlev
StatusCancelled before prototype construction
Yak-44 and Su-33 on the deck of Ulyanovsk.

The Yakovlev Yak-44 (Russian: Як-44) was a proposed twin-turboprop Airborne Early Warning (AEW) aircraft, resembling the United States Navy's E-2 Hawkeye, intended for use with the Soviet Navy's Ulyanovsk class supercarriers. Along with the aircraft carrier it would have flown from, the Yak-44 was cancelled after the demise of the Soviet Union. A full-scale mockup with foldable wings was built.

Design and development

[edit]

In the late 1970s, the Soviet Navy adopted a plan to build large aircraft carriers capable of operating conventional aircraft rather than the VSTOL Yakovlev Yak-38s operated by the existing Kiev class aircraft carriers. These new carriers required a shipborne airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft to be effective, and the Yakovlev design bureau was instructed to develop such an aircraft in 1979.[1][2] While the AEW would be the primary role for the aircraft, it was also planned to develop versions to serve in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and carrier on-board delivery (COD) roles.[2][3]

The basic layout and size of the final Yak-44E design was similar to that of the Grumman E-2C which operated in the same role from American aircraft carriers, being a twin-engined high-wing monoplane with a rotating radar dome (rotodome) above the aircraft's fuselage. The Yak-44 was designed to carry much more fuel, and was therefore far heavier.[2][3] The engines were to be two Progress D-27 propfans rated at 14,000 ehp (10,290 kW) each, driving contra-rotating propellers. The crew of five were to be accommodated in a pressurized fuselage, while the aircraft's rotodome, carrying a NPO Vega pulse-doppler radar could be retracted to reduce the aircraft's height when stowed below decks in the carrier's hangar. The aircraft's wings also folded upwards, while a twin tail was fitted.[2][4]

The aircraft was stressed to allow catapult launching and arrested landings, but was also capable of operating from the ski-jump ramps of the Project 1143.5 carriers (later to become known as the Admiral Kuznetsov class).[5]

A detailed full-size mockup was completed in 1991, and approved with minor changes by the Soviet Naval Aviation (A-VMF). The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in the program being delayed, with the catapult-equipped Ulyanovsk being cancelled and scrapped, and the second Admiral Kuznetsov class carrier, the Varyag, being left incomplete. The Yak-44 program was abandoned by the Russian Navy in 1993.[5][6][7]

Specifications (Yak-44E)

[edit]

Data from Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924[6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 5
  • Length: 20.39 m (66 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 25.7 m (84 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 7 m (23 ft 0 in) [7]
  • Max takeoff weight: 40,000 kg (88,185 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Progress D-27 propfan, 10,290 kW (13,800 hp) each
  • Propellers: 14-bladed SPE Aerosila SV-27

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 740 km/h (460 mph, 400 kn)
  • Range: 4,000 km (2,500 mi, 2,200 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 13,000 m (43,000 ft)

See also

[edit]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
Notes
  1. ^ Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 372.
  2. ^ a b c d Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2005, p. 347.
  3. ^ a b Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 201.
  4. ^ Gunston and Gordon 1997, pp. 201–202.
  5. ^ a b Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2005, p. 348.
  6. ^ a b Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 202.
  7. ^ a b Taylor 1996, pp. 180–181.
Bibliography
  • Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9.
  • Gunston, Bill and Yefim Gordon. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6.
  • Taylor, Michael. Brassey's World's Aircraft & Systems Directory 1996/97. London: Brassey's, 1996. ISBN 1-57488-063-2.
[edit]
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