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{{Short description|Zionist-founded airline of British Palestine}}
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{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
{{distinguish|Palestinian Airlines}}
{{distinguish|Palestinian Airlines}}
[[File:Pobjoy Short Scion Palestine Airways 1934.jpg|thumb|300px|Palestine Airways airplane, 1934]]
[[File:Pobjoy Short Scion Palestine Airways 1934.jpg|thumb|Palestine Airways airplane]][[File:Palestine Airways ticket.jpg|thumb|Palestine Airways ticket, 1937]]
'''Palestine Airways''' (also: '''Palestine Air Transport''') was an airline founded by Zionist [[Pinhas Rutenberg]] in [[Mandatory Palestine|British Palestine]], in conjunction with the [[Histadrut]] and the [[Jewish Agency]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dagan|first1=Peretz|title=Pillars of Israel Economy|date=1955|publisher=I. Lipschitz|page=306}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Ronald Edward George|title=A History of the World's Airlines|date=1964|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=200}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jewish Airline|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/2986-4368-en/IAF.aspx|website=Israel Air Force|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref>In 1937 the airline was taken over by [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]]'s [[Air Ministry]], with the intention of it eventually being transferred back into private hands.<ref>[http://www.jta.org/1945/07/27/archive/palestine-airways-expects-to-resume-service-shortly-throughout-middle-east http://www.jta.org/1945/07/27/archive/palestine-airways-expects-to-resume-service-shortly-throughout-middle-east]</ref>
'''Palestine Airways''' ({{langx|he|נתיבי אוויר ארץ ישראל|Netivéy Avír Éretz Yisraél|lit=[[Land of Israel]] Airways}}; {{langx|ar|شركة الطرق الجوية بفلسطين|Šarikat aṭ-Ṭuruq al-Jawwiyya bi-Filasṭīn|Airline Company in Palestine}}) was an airline founded by Zionist [[Pinhas Rutenberg]] in [[Mandatory Palestine|British Palestine]], in conjunction with the [[Histadrut]] and the [[Jewish Agency]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dagan|first1=Peretz|title=Pillars of Israel Economy|date=1955|publisher=I. Lipschitz|page=306}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Ronald Edward George|title=A History of the World's Airlines|date=1964|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=200}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jewish Airline|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/2986-4368-en/IAF.aspx|website=Israel Air Force|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref> In 1937 the airline was taken over by [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]]'s [[Air Ministry]], with the intention of it eventually being transferred back into private hands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1945/07/27/archive/palestine-airways-expects-to-resume-service-shortly-throughout-middle-east|title=Palestine Airways Expects to Resume Service Shortly Throughout Middle East|date=July 27, 1945}}</ref>


It operated from July 1937 until August 1940, under the aegis of the British corporation [[Imperial Airways]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Edelheit|first1=Hershel|title=History of Zionism|date=2000|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=0813329817|page=571}}</ref><ref>https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359</ref>
Between July 1937 and August 1940, it operated under the aegis of the British corporation [[Imperial Airways]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Edelheit|first1=Hershel|title=History of Zionism|date=2000|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=0813329817|page=571}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359 |title=Israel : The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |access-date=2014-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829074541/https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Throughout these years, Palestine Airways flew thousands of passengers, its best year being 1938 with 6400 passengers.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03|jstor = 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03|doi = 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03|title = The Disappearance of "Palestine Airways" from the Historical Narrative|year = 2020|last1 = Katz|journal = Israel Studies|volume = 25|issue = 2|pages = 49–71|s2cid = 216394093}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Based in Haifa in July 1937 it commenced commercial flights 3 times a week to [[Ben Gurion Airport|Lydda]]. This line operated for several months, but was discontinued when Arab hostilities worsened, and the danger to passengers travelling from Tel Aviv, the main Jewish population centre, to Lydda Airport through Arab majority territory overland, became too great<ref name=Jacobs>{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Andrea|title=Book Review: The history of El Al and marketing strategy secrets|url=http://www.ijn.com/leisure/leisure/864-book-reviews-the-history-of-el-al-and-marketing-strategy-secrets|accessdate=19 November 2014|publisher=Intermountain Jewish News|date=3 April 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129053318/http://www.ijn.com/leisure/leisure/864-book-reviews-the-history-of-el-al-and-marketing-strategy-secrets|archivedate=29 November 2014|df=}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Gaza airport and Palestinian Airlines|url=http://www.jewishamericanheritagemonth.com/tag/pinhas-rutenberg|website=Jewish American Heritage Month|accessdate=19 November 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024557/http://www.jewishamericanheritagemonth.com/tag/pinhas-rutenberg|archivedate=29 November 2014|df=}}</ref> <ref name=aiaa>[https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359 History of Flight Around the World - Israel]</ref>In October 1938 Palestinian Airways moved its main base to the newly built Tel Aviv Airport (in 1940 renamed [[Sde Dov]]) and commenced operations on the [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Haifa]] route, flying twice a day in their de Havilland Rapide.<ref>http://www.iaf.org.il/3025-4403-en/IAF.aspx </ref>The route was later extended from Haifa to [[Beirut]].<ref>http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/palesta.htm</ref>
The airline was registered as a private aviation company on 18 December 1934, with assistance from [[Imperial Airways]] whose crew piloted and serviced the aircraft and handled passenger check-in.<ref name=Katz>{{cite journal | author = Diklaa Rivlin Katz | title = The Disappearance of "Palestine Airways" from the Historical Narrative | journal = Israel Studies | volume = 25 | number = 2 | year = 2020 | pages = 49–71 | doi = 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03 | jstor = 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03 | s2cid = 216394093 }}</ref> Based in Haifa, on 11 August 1937 it commenced commercial flights 3 times a week to [[Ben Gurion Airport|Lydda]]. This line operated for several months, but was discontinued when Arab hostilities worsened, and the danger to passengers travelling from Tel Aviv, the main Jewish population centre, to Lydda Airport through Arab majority territory overland, became too great<ref name=Jacobs>{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Andrea|title=Book Review: The history of El Al and marketing strategy secrets|url=http://www.ijn.com/leisure/leisure/864-book-reviews-the-history-of-el-al-and-marketing-strategy-secrets|accessdate=19 November 2014|publisher=Intermountain Jewish News|date=3 April 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129053318/http://www.ijn.com/leisure/leisure/864-book-reviews-the-history-of-el-al-and-marketing-strategy-secrets|archivedate=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gaza airport and Palestinian Airlines|url=http://www.jewishamericanheritagemonth.com/tag/pinhas-rutenberg|website=Jewish American Heritage Month|accessdate=19 November 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024557/http://www.jewishamericanheritagemonth.com/tag/pinhas-rutenberg|archivedate=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=aiaa>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359 |title=History of Flight Around the World - Israel |access-date=2014-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829074541/https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=359 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1938 Palestinian Airways moved its main base to the newly built Tel Aviv Airport (in 1940 renamed [[Sde Dov]]) and commenced operations on the [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Haifa]] route, flying twice a day in their de Havilland Rapide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/3025-4403-en/IAF.aspx|title = The Israeli Air Force}}</ref> From September 1938, the route was extended from Haifa to [[Beirut]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/palesta.htm|title=Palestine Airways|website=www.timetableimages.com}}</ref>


Palestine Airways ceased operations in August 1940 when its aircraft were taken over by the [[RAF]] for use in the war effort.<ref>http://www.gazaairport.com/history.html</ref>
Palestine Airways ceased operations in August 1940 when its aircraft were taken over by the [[RAF]] for use in the war effort as transport and communication aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazaairport.com/history.html|title=GAZA AIRPORT - HISTORY|website=www.gazaairport.com}}</ref>


==Aircraft==
==Aircraft==


Initially in July 1937 the airline flew two twin-engine, five seat, cantilever [[Short Scion]] monoplanes. In 1938 two additional aircraft were acquired - a [[de Havilland Dragon Rapide]] and a [[Short Scion Senior]] landplane version of the float-plane (which later in [[Royal Air Force]] service was lost in action on 22 September 1943).<ref>http://www.airhistory.org.uk/gy/reg_VQ-P.html</ref>
Initially in July 1937 the airline flew two twin-engine, five seat, cantilever [[Short Scion]] monoplanes. In 1938 two additional aircraft were acquired: an eight-seat [[de Havilland Dragon Rapide]] and a ten-seat [[Short Scion Senior]] landplane version of the float-plane (which later in [[Royal Air Force]] service was lost in action on 22 September 1943).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airhistory.org.uk/gy/reg_VQ-P.html|title=Civil Aircraft Register - Palestine|website=www.airhistory.org.uk}}</ref> The larger aircraft were used for the service to [[Larnaca]] and charter flights to [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelairlinemuseum.org/el-al-israels-flying-star/chapter-1-from-flying-camels-to-flying-stars-israel-reborn/|title = Chapter 1 – from Flying Camels to Flying Stars: Israel Reborn (1917-1948) &#124; Israel Airline Museum}}</ref>

An advertising poster for the short-lived airline survives.<ref>{{cite web|title=Palestine Airways, Ltd.|url=http://www.palestineposterproject.org/poster/palestine-airways-ltd|website=http://www.palestineposterproject.org|publisher=Palestine Poster Project Archives|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref>


[[File:PALESTINE AIRWAYS POSTER FROM THE LATE 1930'S. כרזה מסוף שנות ה-30 של נתיבי אויר - ארץ ישראל PALESTINE AIRWAYS .D247-033.jpg|thumb|upright|Advertising poster]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 08:36, 31 October 2024

Not to be confused with Palestinian Airlines.
Palestine Airways airplane
Palestine Airways ticket, 1937

Palestine Airways (Hebrew: נתיבי אוויר ארץ ישראל, romanized: Netivéy Avír Éretz Yisraél, lit. 'Land of Israel Airways'; Arabic: شركة الطرق الجوية بفلسطين, romanized: Šarikat aṭ-Ṭuruq al-Jawwiyya bi-Filasṭīn, lit. 'Airline Company in Palestine') was an airline founded by Zionist Pinhas Rutenberg in British Palestine, in conjunction with the Histadrut and the Jewish Agency.[1][2][3] In 1937 the airline was taken over by British Government's Air Ministry, with the intention of it eventually being transferred back into private hands.[4]

Between July 1937 and August 1940, it operated under the aegis of the British corporation Imperial Airways.[5][6] Throughout these years, Palestine Airways flew thousands of passengers, its best year being 1938 with 6400 passengers.[7]

History

The airline was registered as a private aviation company on 18 December 1934, with assistance from Imperial Airways whose crew piloted and serviced the aircraft and handled passenger check-in.[8] Based in Haifa, on 11 August 1937 it commenced commercial flights 3 times a week to Lydda. This line operated for several months, but was discontinued when Arab hostilities worsened, and the danger to passengers travelling from Tel Aviv, the main Jewish population centre, to Lydda Airport through Arab majority territory overland, became too great[9][10][11] In 1938 Palestinian Airways moved its main base to the newly built Tel Aviv Airport (in 1940 renamed Sde Dov) and commenced operations on the Tel Aviv to Haifa route, flying twice a day in their de Havilland Rapide.[12] From September 1938, the route was extended from Haifa to Beirut.[13]

Palestine Airways ceased operations in August 1940 when its aircraft were taken over by the RAF for use in the war effort as transport and communication aircraft.[14]

Aircraft

Initially in July 1937 the airline flew two twin-engine, five seat, cantilever Short Scion monoplanes. In 1938 two additional aircraft were acquired: an eight-seat de Havilland Dragon Rapide and a ten-seat Short Scion Senior landplane version of the float-plane (which later in Royal Air Force service was lost in action on 22 September 1943).[15] The larger aircraft were used for the service to Larnaca and charter flights to Egypt.[16]

Advertising poster

References

  1. ^ Dagan, Peretz (1955). Pillars of Israel Economy. I. Lipschitz. p. 306.
  2. ^ Davies, Ronald Edward George (1964). A History of the World's Airlines. Oxford University Press. p. 200.
  3. ^ "Jewish Airline". Israel Air Force. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  4. ^ "Palestine Airways Expects to Resume Service Shortly Throughout Middle East". July 27, 1945.
  5. ^ Edelheit, Hershel (2000). History of Zionism. Westview Press. p. 571. ISBN 0813329817.
  6. ^ "Israel : The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics". Archived from the original on 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
  7. ^ Katz (2020). "The Disappearance of "Palestine Airways" from the Historical Narrative". Israel Studies. 25 (2): 49–71. doi:10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03. JSTOR 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03. S2CID 216394093.
  8. ^ Diklaa Rivlin Katz (2020). "The Disappearance of "Palestine Airways" from the Historical Narrative". Israel Studies. 25 (2): 49–71. doi:10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03. JSTOR 10.2979/israelstudies.25.2.03. S2CID 216394093.
  9. ^ Jacobs, Andrea (3 April 2009). "Book Review: The history of El Al and marketing strategy secrets". Intermountain Jewish News. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  10. ^ "Gaza airport and Palestinian Airlines". Jewish American Heritage Month. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  11. ^ "History of Flight Around the World - Israel". Archived from the original on 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
  12. ^ "The Israeli Air Force".
  13. ^ "Palestine Airways". www.timetableimages.com.
  14. ^ "GAZA AIRPORT - HISTORY". www.gazaairport.com.
  15. ^ "Civil Aircraft Register - Palestine". www.airhistory.org.uk.
  16. ^ "Chapter 1 – from Flying Camels to Flying Stars: Israel Reborn (1917-1948) | Israel Airline Museum".
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