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{{Short description|Ukrainian politician (1863–1940)}}
'''Petrushevych Yevhen''' (1863 - 1940) was western [[Ukrainian]] [[politician]] and president of [[Western Ukrainian National Republic]] formed with the collapse of [[Austro-Hungarian empire]] in [[1918]].
{{Family name hatnote|Omelianovych|Petrushevych|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}


{{Infobox officeholder
He was born on [[June 3]], [[1863]], in the town of [[Busk, Ukraine|Busk]], [[Lvivska oblast]] of [[Halychyna|Galicia]] into the family of a [[Greek-Catholic]] priest. After finishing the Academic Gymnasium he studied at Law faculty of [[Lviv University]], where he was one of the leaders of student’s movement, headed the Academic Fraternity. Being awarded a Doctor’s degree in law, he opened a lawer’s office in [[Sokal]]. He was regarded with favor by people because of his professionalism in defending them from the self-will of powers. At the same time he headed the district Prosvita (Education) and was an organizer of the cultural and educational life. He became an active member of Ukrainian National Democratic Party formed in 1899.
| name = Yevhen Petrushevych
| native_name = {{Nobold|Євген Петрушевич}}
| native_name_lang = uk
| image = Petrushevych Yevhen.jpg
| office = President of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]]
| term_start = 18 October 1918
| term_end = November 1919
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = ''Position abolished''<br/>[[Volodymyr Vynnychenko]] as head of the [[Directorate of Ukraine]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1863|6|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = Busk, [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]], [[Austrian Empire]] (now [[Busk, Ukraine|Busk]], [[Zolochiv Raion]], [[Lviv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1940|8|29|1863|6|3|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Berlin]], [[Nazi Germany]]
| resting_place = [[Lychakiv Cemetery]], [[Lviv]]
}}
'''Yevhen Omelianovych Petrushevych''' ({{langx|uk|Євге́н Омеля́нович Петруше́вич}}; 3 June 1863 – 29 August 1940) was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] [[lawyer]], [[politician]], and [[President (government title)|president]] of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] formed after the collapse of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] in 1918.


==Early life and education==
⚫
In [[1907]] Yevhen Petrushevych was elected an ambassador to the [[Austrian Parliament]]. He became one of the leaders and then a head of [[Ukrainian Parliament Club]]. In 1910 he was elected an ambassador of [[Galician Sejm]] in [[Lviv]] from the [[Stryi]] district. Being a leading figure of the [[Ukrainian Sejm Club]], he headed the determined fight for a new election law, achieved the increase of the quota of Ukrainian mandates in the Sejm from 12 to 34, and then to 62.
He was born on 3 June 1863, in the town of [[Busk, Ukraine|Busk]], of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] into the family of an [[Eastern Catholic clergy in Ukraine|Eastern Catholic]] priest of noble background.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070618230737/http://www.franko.lviv.ua/Subdivisions/um/um4-5/Statti/8-PAVLYSHYN%20Oleh.htm Social-Political Portrait of the Ukrainian Leadership of Galicia and Bukovina during the Revolutionary Years of 1918–1919] Oleh Pavlyshyn (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131227054418/http://www.uamoderna.com/arkhiv/52-menuprochasopys/archivzhurnalu/sparenyy45/40-sparenyy45 ''Modern Ukraine''], volume 4–5</ref> After graduating from the [[Lviv Academic Gymnasium]]<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://sos.pravda.com.ua/articles/2020/09/17/7151869/ Gymnasium principal: You can regret various canceled celebrations, but the priority of students' health is much more important], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (17 September 2020)</ref> he studied law at the [[Lviv University]], where he was one of the leaders of the student movement and headed the Academic Fraternity. After earning a [[PhD|doctorate]] in law, he started a practice in [[Sokal]]. He was regarded with favor by the people because of his professionalism in defending them from the self-will of powers. At the same time he headed the district [[Prosvita]] educational society and was an organizer of the cultural and educational life. He became an active member of [[Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance|Ukrainian National Democratic Party]] formed in 1899.


==Political career==
⚫
In the years of the [[World War I]] at the head of Ukrainian Parliament representation he struggled against the plans of Galicia annexation by Poland, was an adherent of the territory autonomy within [[Austria]]. Being a head of Galician delegation in Brest-Litovsk in February 1918, he favored the introduction of Austria’s liability of granting autonomy to Galicia into the secret appendix of the International conference resolution. Jointly with Czekhian and Slovakian parliamentaries he worked out a project about formation of national states united with Austria on the Empire lands and submitted it for Kaiser consideration. The manifest of Kaiser Karl of October 18, 1918 proclaimed the right of peoples to self-determination.
⚫
In 1907, Yevhen Petrushevych was elected to the [[Imperial Council (Austria)|Imperial Council of Cisleithania]] (Reichsrat). He became one of the leaders and then a head of [[Ukrainian Parliament Club]]. In 1910 he was elected to the [[Galician Sejm]] in [[Lviv]] from the [[Stryi]] district. Being a leading figure of the [[Ukrainian Sejm Club]], he headed the determined fight for a new election law and achieved the increase of the quota of Ukrainian mandates in the Sejm from 12 to 34, and then to 62.


⚫
During [[World War I]] as head of the Ukrainian parliamentary delegation, he struggled against the plans of Galicia annexation by Poland and was an adherent of the territory autonomy within Austria. Being the head of the Galician delegation in [[Brest-Litovsk]] in February 1918, he favoured the introduction of Austria’s liability of granting autonomy to Galicia into the secret appendix of the International conference resolution. Jointly with Czech and Slovakian parliamentarians he worked out a project about the formation of national states united with Austria on the Empires lands and submitted it for the Kaiser's consideration. The manifest of [[Karl I of Austria|Kaiser Karl]] on 18 October 1918 proclaimed the [[right to self-determination|right of peoples to self-determination]].
⚫
On October 19 the representative Ukrainian Constituent in Lviv approved the resolution on formation of the independent Ukrainian State in the western ethnic territory. To implement the resolution they elected Ukrainian National Rada (Council); Yevhen Petrushevych became its president. Being an adherent of the peaceful power transfer to Ukrainians he carried out negotiations with official Vienna. But in connection with the real threat on the part of Poles, Lviv delegation of the National Council headed by K. Levytsky seized power under arms and on November 1 proclaimed the formation of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR). K. Levytsky’s government was formed on November 9 and they started the construction of the national state.


⚫
On 19 October, the representative Ukrainian Constituent in Lviv approved the resolution on formation of the independent Ukrainian State in the western ethnic territory. To implement the resolution they elected the [[Ukrainian National Council of West Ukrainian People's Republic|Ukrainian National Rada (Council)]]; Yevhen Petrushevych became its president. Being an adherent of the peaceful power transfer to Ukrainians he carried out negotiations with officials in Vienna. But in connection with the threat on the part of Poles, Lviv delegation of the National Council headed by [[Kost Levytsky]] seized power under arms and on 1 November proclaimed the formation of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] (WUPR). Levytsky's government was formed on 9 November and started the construction of the national state.
⚫
After the defeat of Lviv as the results of Polish aggression and the developed war, the ZUNR government remained in [[Stanislaviv]]. Being a president of the National Council, Ye. Petrushevych mainly performed representative functions, but owing to his political culture and parliamental experience he had the influence on making the most important resolutions in the state. The National Council elaborated a number of necessary laws, which regulated the socio-political and economical life, laid the legal foundation of the state and guaranteed it from acute social conflicts and destructive manifestations.


⚫
After the outbreak of the [[Polish-Ukrainian War]] and a defeat at Lviv, the WUPR government remained in Stanislaviv (now [[Ivano-Frankivsk]]). Being the president of the National Council, Petrushevych mainly performed representative functions, but owing to his political culture and parliamentary experience he had influence on making the most important decisions in the state. The National Council elaborated a number of necessary laws, which regulated the socio-political and economical life, laid the legal foundation of the state and guarded it from acute social conflicts and destructive manifestations.
⚫
On [[June 9]], [[1919]] by the decision of the top state authorities Ye. Petrushevych was entitled to dictate; this meant that he acted both as a president and a head of the government. When in July 1919 the Galician army retreated over the [[Zbruch]] under Polish army attack, the [[ZUNR]] government settled in [[Kamyanets-Podilskyi]]. The relations between Ye. Petrushevych and [[S. Petlyura]] changed for the worse in this period, and Ye. Petrushevych was dismissed from the Directory. In autumn 1919 Ye. Petrushevych left for [[Vienna]], where the exile government continued its diplomatic activity for the restoration of ZUNR independence. The president sent Ukrainian delegations to international talks in [[Riga]] and Geneva, sent notes and messages in the address of the [[League of Nations]], got a resolution, which recommended a Council of Ambassadors in [[Paris]] to review the Galician problem. With the aim to determine the aspirations of Ukrainians he elaborated a fundamental draft of the Constitution of [[Ukrainian Galician Republic]]. In 1922 Ye. Petrushevych headed Ukrainian delegation to Geneva where the international conference took place.


⚫
On 9 June 1919 by decision of the top state authorities, Petrushevych was granted the title of authorized dictator (in [[Zalishchyky]]), which meant that he acted both as a president and a head of the government. When in July 1919 the Galician army retreated over the [[Zbruch]] into the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]], the WUPR government settled in [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]]. The relations between Petrushevych and the chairman of [[Directorate of Ukraine|Directory]] [[Symon Petliura]] deteriorated during this period, and Petrushevych was dismissed from the Directory for his opposition to the Ukrainian-Polish alliance. In autumn 1919 Petrushevych left for [[Vienna]], where the exile government continued its diplomatic activity for the restoration of ZUNR independence. The president sent Ukrainian delegations to international talks in [[Riga]] and Geneva, sent notes and messages in the address of the [[League of Nations]], got a resolution, which recommended a [[Council of Ambassadors]] in [[Paris]] to review the Galician problem. With the aim to determine the aspirations of Ukrainians he elaborated a fundamental draft of the Constitution of Ukrainian Galician Republic. In 1922 Petrushevych headed Ukrainian delegation to Geneva where the international conference took place.
⚫
But on [[March 15]], [[1923]] the Council of Ambassadors approved a resolution according to which the West Ukrainian lands were annexed by Poland without reservation.


⚫
But on 15 March 1923, the Council of Ambassadors approved a resolution according to which the West Ukrainian lands were annexed by Poland without reservation.
After the liquidation of the exile government Ye. Petrushevych continued diplomatic and propagandistic actions in defence of the enslaved Galician people, spread notes and protests, published a newspaper Ukrainsky prapor (Ukrainian banner). Under the influence of illusion which concerned changes of the national problem in the Soviet Ukraine he had some contacts with the USSR diplomats in Vienna and Berlin, where he lived since [[1924]], displayed Sovietophilic spirits. But they had quickly dissipated in connection with Ukrainians repressions in [[Stalin]]’s empire.


After the liquidation of the exile government, Petrushevych continued diplomatic and patriotic actions in defense of the oppressed Ukrainian Galician people, spread notes and protests, and continued publishing the ZUNR organ, Ukrainsky prapor (Ukrainian Banner). As a result of his disappointment over the March decision he adopted an openly Sovietophile position. He maintained contacts with the Soviet representatives in Vienna and Berlin, where he had moved in 1923. In 1923 the [[Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party|Politburo]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|All-Union Communist Party]] decided in favour of funding Petrushevych's activities, and two years later the Ukrainian Politburo made a similar decision. Petrushevych continued receiving financial support at least until the end of the 1920s.<ref>{{cite web|format=PDF|first=Christopher|last=Gilley|url=http://www.kices.org/downloads/KICES_WP_04.pdf|title=A Simple Question of 'Pragmatism'? Sovietophilism in the West Ukrainian Emigration in the 1920s|publisher=Koszalin Institute of Comparative European Studies (KICES) Working Papers|issue=4|date=March 2006|pages=19–20|access-date=October 29, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930140122/http://www.kices.org/downloads/KICES_WP_04.pdf|archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref>
⚫
In spite of the emigrant’s life difficulties, old age he collaborated with Ukrainian National Association, maintained relations with Hetman [[P. Skoropadskyi]].
==Later life, death and legacy==
⚫
In spite of the emigrant's life difficulties, in old age he collaborated with the [[Ukrainian National Association]], maintained relations with Hetman [[Pavlo Skoropadsky]].


Ye. Petrushevych died on [[August 29]], [[1940]] and was buried at [[Berlin]] cemetery of St.-Jadwiga Roman Catholic Cathedral.
Petrushevych died on 29 August 1940 and was buried at [[Berlin]] cemetery of [[St. Hedwig's Cathedral]].


On 1 November 2002, the remains of Yevhen Petrushevych were reburied at the [[Lychakiv Cemetery]] in Lviv on the initiative of Yuriy Ferentsevych.<ref>[http://slovosenioratu.blogspot.com/2011/02/blog-post_19.html Відійшов на Вічну Ватру пл.сен. Юрій Ференцевич, ВБ. (… з його ініціативи прах міністра військових справ ЗУНР Д.Вітовського … привезено з Німеччини в Україну і перепоховано на Личаківському меморіальному цвинтарі.)] {{in lang|uk}}</ref><ref>[[:uk:Ференцевич Юрій|Ференцевич Юрій]] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian people]]
⚫
[[Category:Galicia (Central Europe)]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukraine]]
⚫
[[Category:Presidents of Ukraine]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian politicians]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian politicians before 1991]]
{{Ukraine-stub}}
{{Ukraine-bio-stub}}
{{East-Slavic-history-stub}}


==References==
[[uk:Петрушевич Євген]]
<references/>
[[pl:Jewhen Petruszewycz]]
{{Commons category|Yevhen Petrushevych}}
[[ru:Петрушевич, Евгений]]

==External links==
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CI%5CDictatorshipoftheWesternProvinceoftheUkrainianNationalRepublic.htm Dictatorship of the Western Province of the Ukrainian National Republic in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 1 (1984)]
{{Presidents of Ukraine}}
{{Subject bar|portal1=Biography|portal2=Ukraine|commons=y|d=y}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Petrushevych, Yevhen}}
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[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Busk, Ukraine]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian nobility]]
[[Category:Members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)]]
[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)]]
[[Category:Members of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria]]
⚫
[[Category:Leaders of Ukraine]]
⚫
[[Category:Heads of state of Ukraine]]
[[Category:West Ukrainian People's Republic people]]
[[Category:Ukrainian emigrants to Germany]]
⚫
[[Category:Ukrainian independence activists]]
[[Category:Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery]]
[[Category:Politicians from Austria-Hungary]]

Latest revision as of 13:58, 31 October 2024

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Omelianovych and the family name is Petrushevych.

Yevhen Petrushevych
Євген Петрушевич
President of the West Ukrainian People's Republic
In office
18 October 1918 – November 1919
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Volodymyr Vynnychenko as head of the Directorate of Ukraine
Personal details
Born(1863-06-03)3 June 1863
Busk, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire (now Busk, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine)
Died29 August 1940(1940-08-29) (aged 77)
Berlin, Nazi Germany
Resting placeLychakiv Cemetery, Lviv

Yevhen Omelianovych Petrushevych (Ukrainian: Євге́н Омеля́нович Петруше́вич; 3 June 1863 – 29 August 1940) was a Ukrainian lawyer, politician, and president of the West Ukrainian People's Republic formed after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918.

Early life and education

[edit]

He was born on 3 June 1863, in the town of Busk, of Galicia into the family of an Eastern Catholic priest of noble background.[1] After graduating from the Lviv Academic Gymnasium[2] he studied law at the Lviv University, where he was one of the leaders of the student movement and headed the Academic Fraternity. After earning a doctorate in law, he started a practice in Sokal. He was regarded with favor by the people because of his professionalism in defending them from the self-will of powers. At the same time he headed the district Prosvita educational society and was an organizer of the cultural and educational life. He became an active member of Ukrainian National Democratic Party formed in 1899.

Political career

[edit]

In 1907, Yevhen Petrushevych was elected to the Imperial Council of Cisleithania (Reichsrat). He became one of the leaders and then a head of Ukrainian Parliament Club. In 1910 he was elected to the Galician Sejm in Lviv from the Stryi district. Being a leading figure of the Ukrainian Sejm Club, he headed the determined fight for a new election law and achieved the increase of the quota of Ukrainian mandates in the Sejm from 12 to 34, and then to 62.

During World War I as head of the Ukrainian parliamentary delegation, he struggled against the plans of Galicia annexation by Poland and was an adherent of the territory autonomy within Austria. Being the head of the Galician delegation in Brest-Litovsk in February 1918, he favoured the introduction of Austria’s liability of granting autonomy to Galicia into the secret appendix of the International conference resolution. Jointly with Czech and Slovakian parliamentarians he worked out a project about the formation of national states united with Austria on the Empires lands and submitted it for the Kaiser's consideration. The manifest of Kaiser Karl on 18 October 1918 proclaimed the right of peoples to self-determination.

On 19 October, the representative Ukrainian Constituent in Lviv approved the resolution on formation of the independent Ukrainian State in the western ethnic territory. To implement the resolution they elected the Ukrainian National Rada (Council); Yevhen Petrushevych became its president. Being an adherent of the peaceful power transfer to Ukrainians he carried out negotiations with officials in Vienna. But in connection with the threat on the part of Poles, Lviv delegation of the National Council headed by Kost Levytsky seized power under arms and on 1 November proclaimed the formation of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR). Levytsky's government was formed on 9 November and started the construction of the national state.

After the outbreak of the Polish-Ukrainian War and a defeat at Lviv, the WUPR government remained in Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk). Being the president of the National Council, Petrushevych mainly performed representative functions, but owing to his political culture and parliamentary experience he had influence on making the most important decisions in the state. The National Council elaborated a number of necessary laws, which regulated the socio-political and economical life, laid the legal foundation of the state and guarded it from acute social conflicts and destructive manifestations.

On 9 June 1919 by decision of the top state authorities, Petrushevych was granted the title of authorized dictator (in Zalishchyky), which meant that he acted both as a president and a head of the government. When in July 1919 the Galician army retreated over the Zbruch into the Ukrainian People's Republic, the WUPR government settled in Kamianets-Podilskyi. The relations between Petrushevych and the chairman of Directory Symon Petliura deteriorated during this period, and Petrushevych was dismissed from the Directory for his opposition to the Ukrainian-Polish alliance. In autumn 1919 Petrushevych left for Vienna, where the exile government continued its diplomatic activity for the restoration of ZUNR independence. The president sent Ukrainian delegations to international talks in Riga and Geneva, sent notes and messages in the address of the League of Nations, got a resolution, which recommended a Council of Ambassadors in Paris to review the Galician problem. With the aim to determine the aspirations of Ukrainians he elaborated a fundamental draft of the Constitution of Ukrainian Galician Republic. In 1922 Petrushevych headed Ukrainian delegation to Geneva where the international conference took place.

But on 15 March 1923, the Council of Ambassadors approved a resolution according to which the West Ukrainian lands were annexed by Poland without reservation.

After the liquidation of the exile government, Petrushevych continued diplomatic and patriotic actions in defense of the oppressed Ukrainian Galician people, spread notes and protests, and continued publishing the ZUNR organ, Ukrainsky prapor (Ukrainian Banner). As a result of his disappointment over the March decision he adopted an openly Sovietophile position. He maintained contacts with the Soviet representatives in Vienna and Berlin, where he had moved in 1923. In 1923 the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party decided in favour of funding Petrushevych's activities, and two years later the Ukrainian Politburo made a similar decision. Petrushevych continued receiving financial support at least until the end of the 1920s.[3]

Later life, death and legacy

[edit]

In spite of the emigrant's life difficulties, in old age he collaborated with the Ukrainian National Association, maintained relations with Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky.

Petrushevych died on 29 August 1940 and was buried at Berlin cemetery of St. Hedwig's Cathedral.

On 1 November 2002, the remains of Yevhen Petrushevych were reburied at the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv on the initiative of Yuriy Ferentsevych.[4][5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Social-Political Portrait of the Ukrainian Leadership of Galicia and Bukovina during the Revolutionary Years of 1918–1919 Oleh Pavlyshyn (2000). Modern Ukraine, volume 4–5
  2. ^ (in Ukrainian) Gymnasium principal: You can regret various canceled celebrations, but the priority of students' health is much more important, Ukrayinska Pravda (17 September 2020)
  3. ^ Gilley, Christopher (March 2006). "A Simple Question of 'Pragmatism'? Sovietophilism in the West Ukrainian Emigration in the 1920s" (PDF). Koszalin Institute of Comparative European Studies (KICES) Working Papers. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2006.
  4. ^ Відійшов на Вічну Ватру пл.сен. Юрій Ференцевич, ВБ. (… з його ініціативи прах міністра військових справ ЗУНР Д.Вітовського … привезено з Німеччини в Україну і перепоховано на Личаківському меморіальному цвинтарі.) (in Ukrainian)
  5. ^ Ференцевич Юрій (in Ukrainian)
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