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Coordinates: 31°52′10.35″N 34°45′8.55″E / 31.8695417°N 34.7523750°E / 31.8695417; 34.7523750
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{{Infobox bridge|
{{Infobox bridge|
|image=Mamluk bridge, Yavne008.jpg
| image = Mamluk bridge, Yavne008.jpg
|bridge_name= Yibna Bridge
| bridge_name = Yibna Bridge
| native_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{lang|he|rtl=yes|גשר יבנה}}|{{lang|ar|rtl=yes|جسر يبنا}}}}
|official_name= Yibna Bridge
|locale=[[Yibna]], [[Israel]]
| locale = [[Yibna]], [[Israel]]
⚫
| crosses = [[Nahal Sorek]]
|carries=
| open = 1273–1274 CE
⚫
|crosses=[[Nahal Sorek]]
⚫
| below =
|open=1273–74 CE
⚫
| design = [[Arch bridge|Arch]]
⚫
|below=
⚫
| length = 48 metres
⚫
|design=[[Arch bridge|Arch]]
|length=48 metres
| width = 11.5 metres
⚫
|width=11.5 metres
}}
}}
The '''Yibna Bridge''' is a [[Mamluk]] [[arch bridge]] near [[Yibna]], which crosses the river [[Nahal Sorek]] (formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to [[Rehovot]], and was known as the '''Jumping Bridge''' due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding.<ref name="JacobsEber1998">{{cite book|last1=Jacobs|first1=Daniel|author2=Shirley Eber|author3=Francesca Silvani|title=Israel and the Palestinian Territories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRc9ea_CKOUC&pg=RA1-PA12|year=1998|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-248-0|page=12}}</ref> It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.
The '''Yibna Bridge''' ({{langx|he|גשר יבנה}}, {{langx|ar|جسر يبنا|}}) or '''Nahr Rubin Bridge''' is a [[Mamluk]] [[arch bridge]] near [[Yibna]], which crosses the [[Nahal Sorek]] (formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to [[Rehovot]], and was known as the '''Jumping Bridge''' ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|הגשר הקופץ}}) due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding.<ref name="JacobsEber1998">{{cite book |last1= Jacobs |first1= Daniel |author2= Shirley Eber |author3= Francesca Silvani |title= Israel and the Palestinian Territories |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TRc9ea_CKOUC&pg=RA1-PA12 |year=1998 |publisher= Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-248-0 |page=12}}</ref> It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Mamluk bridge, Yavne005.jpg|thumb|The downstream-facing side of the bridge in 2010]]
[[File:Mamluk bridge, Yavne005.jpg|thumb|The downstream-facing side of the bridge in 2010]]
The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan [[Baybars]] in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau]], who noted that an Arabic chronicle had referred to the construction by Beibars in 672 AH of two bridges build of a significant nature "in the neighbourhood of Ramleh". The chief purpose of these bridges was to ease communication for his armies between Egypt and northern Syria.<ref name=CG>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/110/mode/1up 110]–117</ref> The second of these two bridges is thought to be the [[Jisr Jindas]].<ref name=CG/>
The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan [[Baybars]] in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|Clermont-Ganneau]], who noted that an Arabic chronicle had referred to the construction by Baybars in 672 AH of two bridges build of a significant nature "in the neighbourhood of Ramleh". The chief purpose of these bridges was to ease communication for his armies between Egypt and northern Syria.<ref name=CG>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/110/mode/1up 110]–117</ref> The second of these two bridges is thought to be the [[Jisr Jindas]].<ref name=CG/>


According to [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|Clermont-Ganneau]], the bridge was built in 671–672 AH (1273–1274).<ref>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/174/mode/1up 174]; Reinecke, 1992, II, 38 No. 170. Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 318</ref> ''The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land'' cites the completion date as 1273.<ref>Levy, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C&pg=PA517 517]</ref>
According to [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|Clermont-Ganneau]], the bridge was built in 671–672 AH (1273–1274).<ref>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/174/mode/1up 174]; Reinecke, 1992, II, 38 No. 170. Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318]</ref> ''The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land'' cites the completion date as 1273.<ref>Levy, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C&pg=PA517 517]</ref>


[[Max van Berchem]], who examined it in the late 19th century, found that the bridge contained large amount of reused [[Crusades|Crusader]] masonry, some of which carried mason´s marks.<ref>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/182/mode/1up p. 182] Also cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 318</ref>
[[Max van Berchem]], who examined it in the late 19th century, found that the bridge contained large amount of reused [[Crusades|Crusader]] masonry, some of which carried mason's marks.<ref>Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/182/mode/1up p. 182] Also cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318]</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The bridge is {{convert|48|m}} long, and {{convert|11.5|m}} wide.<ref>Petersen, 2001, p. 318</ref> It comprises three [[arch]]es, two [[Pier (architecture)|central piers]] with triangular upstream-facing [[Starling (structure)|cutwaters]] and downstream-facing [[buttress]]es with sloping [[Lock (water transport)#Cill|cills]].<ref name=Petersen297/>
The bridge is {{convert|48|m}} long, and {{convert|11.5|m}} wide.<ref>Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318]</ref> It comprises three [[arch]]es, two [[Pier (architecture)|central piers]] with triangular upstream-facing [[Starling (structure)|cutwaters]] and downstream-facing [[buttress]]es with sloping [[Lock (water transport)#Cill|cills]].<ref name=Petersen297/>


It is very similar in design to the more well-known [[Jisr Jindas]], apart from the width of the piers.<ref name=Petersen297>Petersen, 2008, p. 297</ref> The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas.<ref name=Petersen297/>
It is very similar in design to the more well-known [[Jisr Jindas]], apart from the width of the piers.<ref name=Petersen297>Petersen, 2010, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2635988/Bridges_in_Medieval_Palestine 297]</ref> The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas.<ref name=Petersen297/>


The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.<ref name=Petersen297/>
The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.<ref name=Petersen297/>

==See also==
==See also==
*[[Daughters of Jacob Bridge]]
*[[Barid]], Muslim postal network renewed during Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)
**Jisr al-[[Ghajar]], stone bridge south of Ghajar
**[[Daughters of Jacob Bridge]] (Jisr Banat Yaqub), Mamluk bridge on the upper Jordan River
**[[Al-Sinnabra]] Crusader bridge, with nearby Jisr Umm el-Qanatir/Jisr Semakh and Jisr es-Sidd further downstream
**[[Jisr el-Majami]] bridge over the Jordan, with Mamluk khan
**[[Jisr Jindas]] bridge over the Ayalon near Lydda and Ramla
**[[Isdud Bridge]] (Mamluk, 13th century) outside Ashdod/Isdud
**[[Jisr ed-Damiye]], bridges over the Jordan (Roman, Mamluk, modern)


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{Commonscat|Mamluk bridge, Yavne}}
*{{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=Charles Simon |authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}}
*{{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}}
*{{cite book|title=Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C |first1=Thomas Evan|last1=Levy|year=1995|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=0718513886}}
*{{cite book|title=Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C|first=T.E.|last=Levy|authorlink=Thomas E. Levy|year=1995|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=0718513886}}
*Meinecke, M. (1992): ''Die mamlukishe Architecktur in Agypten und Syrien'', 2 vols., Gluckstadt.
*{{cite book|last=Meinecke|first=M.|authorlink=Michael Meinecke|title=Die mamlukishe Architecktur in Agypten und Syrien|volume=2|location=Gluckstadt|year=1992}}
*{{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ux_2wXFXYewC |first1=Andrew|last1=Petersen|year=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780197270110}}
*{{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21620272|first=Andrew|last=Petersen|year=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780197270110}}
*Petersen, A. (2008): ''Bridges in Medieval Palestine'', in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.), [http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8299 History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V], V. Peeters, Leuven
*Petersen, A. (2010): ''[https://www.academia.edu/2635988/Bridges_in_Medieval_Palestine Bridges in Medieval Palestine]'', in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.), [http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8299 History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604092630/http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8299 |date=2016-06-04 }}, V. Peeters, Leuven
{{refend}}

==External links==
==External links==
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8375 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.13.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8375 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.13.jpg Wikimedia commons]
{{coord|31|51|51.78|N|34|44|44.06|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}}
{{coord|31|52|10.35|N|34|45|8.55|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Bridges in Israel]]
[[Category:Bridges in Israel]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in the 13th century]]
[[Category:Mamluk architecture in Israel]]
[[Category:Yavne]]

Latest revision as of 16:36, 31 October 2024

Yibna Bridge

  • גשר יבנה
  • جسر يبنا
Coordinates31°54′N 34°48′E / 31.9°N 34.8°E / 31.9; 34.8
CrossesNahal Sorek
LocaleYibna, Israel
Characteristics
DesignArch
Total length48 metres
Width11.5 metres
History
Opened1273–1274 CE
Location
Map

The Yibna Bridge (Hebrew: גשר יבנה, Arabic: جسر يبنا) or Nahr Rubin Bridge is a Mamluk arch bridge near Yibna, which crosses the Nahal Sorek (formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to Rehovot, and was known as the Jumping Bridge (הגשר הקופץ) due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding.[1] It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.

History

[edit]
The downstream-facing side of the bridge in 2010

The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan Baybars in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by Clermont-Ganneau, who noted that an Arabic chronicle had referred to the construction by Baybars in 672 AH of two bridges build of a significant nature "in the neighbourhood of Ramleh". The chief purpose of these bridges was to ease communication for his armies between Egypt and northern Syria.[2] The second of these two bridges is thought to be the Jisr Jindas.[2]

According to Clermont-Ganneau, the bridge was built in 671–672 AH (1273–1274).[3] The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land cites the completion date as 1273.[4]

Max van Berchem, who examined it in the late 19th century, found that the bridge contained large amount of reused Crusader masonry, some of which carried mason's marks.[5]

Description

[edit]

The bridge is 48 metres (157 ft) long, and 11.5 metres (38 ft) wide.[6] It comprises three arches, two central piers with triangular upstream-facing cutwaters and downstream-facing buttresses with sloping cills.[7]

It is very similar in design to the more well-known Jisr Jindas, apart from the width of the piers.[7] The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas.[7]

The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.[7]

See also

[edit]
  • Barid, Muslim postal network renewed during Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)
    • Jisr al-Ghajar, stone bridge south of Ghajar
    • Daughters of Jacob Bridge (Jisr Banat Yaqub), Mamluk bridge on the upper Jordan River
    • Al-Sinnabra Crusader bridge, with nearby Jisr Umm el-Qanatir/Jisr Semakh and Jisr es-Sidd further downstream
    • Jisr el-Majami bridge over the Jordan, with Mamluk khan
    • Jisr Jindas bridge over the Ayalon near Lydda and Ramla
    • Isdud Bridge (Mamluk, 13th century) outside Ashdod/Isdud
    • Jisr ed-Damiye, bridges over the Jordan (Roman, Mamluk, modern)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jacobs, Daniel; Shirley Eber; Francesca Silvani (1998). Israel and the Palestinian Territories. Rough Guides. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-85828-248-0.
  2. ^ a b Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, pp. 110–117
  3. ^ Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, p. 174; Reinecke, 1992, II, 38 No. 170. Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 318
  4. ^ Levy, 1995, p. 517
  5. ^ Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, p. 182 Also cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 318
  6. ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 318
  7. ^ a b c d Petersen, 2010, p. 297

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]

31°52′10.35″N 34°45′8.55″E / 31.8695417°N 34.7523750°E / 31.8695417; 34.7523750

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