Bolu Province: Difference between revisions

Bolu Province

Bolu ili
Bolu Province Bolu ili
Province
	Lake Gölcük
	Location of the province within Turkey
Country	Turkey
Seat	Bolu
Government
• Governor	Erkan Kılıç
Area	8,313 km2 (3,210 sq mi)
Population (2022)	320,824
• Density	39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Area code	0374
Website	www.bolu.gov.tr

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Bolu Province (Turkish: Bolu ili) is a province situated in north-western Turkey. It is located between the capital, Ankara, and the largest city in the country, Istanbul. Its area is 8,313 km²,^[2] and its population is 320,824 (2022).^[1] The capital city of the province is Bolu.

Geography

The province is drained by the Bolu River (Boli Su) and the Koca River.

The forests, lakes, and mountains are home to wildlife, including three deer species. Parts of the province are vulnerable to earthquakes.

Protected areas

The province has the Yedigöller National Park.

There is also another area consisting of a lake and its surroundings that is under protection by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as a 'nature park' that is called Gölcük. There is a structure on the shore of the lake named the State Guesthouse of the Ministry of Forestry. Near the nature park is an artificial lake; the lake is 13 kilometres (8 mi) to the south of the city of Bolu.

History

It is not known when Bolu was first established. Some archaeological findings that date back about 100,000^{[citation needed]} years suggest the region was inhabited then.

The area now in Bolu Province was in eastern Bithynia and southwestern Paphlagonia. The town of Bithynium, from which the area takes its name, is the modern Bolu. The area was called Bithynia during the Hellenistic period. The Romans named it Claudiopolis, and it was called Bolu by the Turks.^[3] By approximately 375 BCE, Bithynia had gained its independence from Persia under Artaxerxes II, and King Bas subsequently defeated Alexander's attempt to take it.^[4] The Bithynian region, with parts of Paphlagonia remained its own kingdom until 88 BCE, when it briefly came under Mithridates VI and the Kingdom of Pontus. With Roman's help, the last Bithynian king, Nicomedes IV, regained his throne, but on his death bequeathed the kingdom to Rome. This led to the Third Mithridatic War and the fall of Pontus, after which the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a single province, merging Paphlagonia with Bithynia. Under the falling Byzantine Empire, the Bolu area was divided from western Bithynia at the Sakarya River, with western Bithynia keeping the name. The Sakarya River remains the southern and western boundary of the province.^[5]

The Byzantine Empire briefly lost the Bolu area to the Seljuk Turks after the 1071 Battle of Manzikert but recovered it under Alexios I Komnenos. After the end of the Komnenos dynasty, the Turks gradually reclaimed the Bolu area back. In approximately 1240, the Seljuk Turks took the eastern part of the Bolu area (i.e., the Paphlagonian part) from the Byzantine Empire and incorporated it into the Sultanate of Rum. Due to their assistance in taking it and Sinop, the Chobanids were given that territory and adjacent areas to the north and east to govern. That eastern area fell to the Isfendiyarids in 1292 and was controlled by them until 1461, after which it was incorporated into the rest of the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed II.

By 1265, the western part of the Bolu area was again acquired by the Seljuk Turks, but it fell to Orhan and the Ottoman Empire in the early to mid-1300s. The two areas were reunited in 1461, under Mehmed II. In the 1864 Ottoman Empire administrative reorganization, Bolu was made into an independent sanjak,^[6] although it was geographically part of the Kastamonu Vilayet.

Administrative divisions

Bolu province is divided into nine districts, four sub-districts, thirteen municipalities, and 491 villages.

Districts

Main sites

Lake Abant, a mountain lake resort and hot springs
Yedigöller National Park. The name means "seven lakes" in Turkish, referring to the number of lakes in this forest park.
The Köroğlu Mountains, said to be the scene of the folk Epic of Köroğlu
Kartalkaya, one of Turkey's most popular ski resorts
Göynük Akshemseddin Mausoleum
Sarıalan, a lake high in the mountains above Kartalkaya
The Aladağ mountains, including the trail and picnic area of Gölcük

Towns include:

Mengen
Mudurnu (the ancient town of Modrenea)
Gerede

References

^ ^a ^b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ All About Turkey - Bolu
^ Memnon, History of Heracleia, 12
^ "Turkey | Location, Geography, People, Economy, Culture, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-10-02. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
^ Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy) (1919). A handbook of Asia Minor. Vol. 1. London. p. 226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links

Official website (in Turkish)
Bolu municipality's official website (in Turkish)

40°40′45″N 31°33′30″E / 40.67917°N 31.55833°E / 40.67917; 31.55833

[tuik-1] "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[2] "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[3] All About Turkey - Bolu

[4] Memnon, History of Heracleia, 12

[5] "Turkey | Location, Geography, People, Economy, Culture, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-10-02. Retrieved 2024-10-05.

[6] Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy) (1919). A handbook of Asia Minor. Vol. 1. London. p. 226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Province of Turkey}}
+{{Infobox Turkey place
-{{Peacock|date=February 2018}}
+| type                 = province
-{{Infobox settlement
-| name                    = Bolu Province
+| name                 =
-| native_name             = Bolu ili<!-- if different from the English name -->
+| other_name           = Bolu ili
+| image_skyline        = TABİATIN KALBİ BOLU GÖLCÜK TABİAT PARKI.jpg
-| native_name_lang        = tr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "tr" for Turkish. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
+| image_caption        = Lake Gölcük
-| settlement_type         = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province of Turkey]]
+| image_shield         =
-| image_skyline           = TABİATIN KALBİ BOLU GÖLCÜK TABİAT PARKI.jpg
-| image_caption           = Lake Gölcük
+| image_map            = Bolu in Turkey.svg
-| image_flag             =
+| map_caption          = Location of the province within Turkey
-| image_seal              =
+| seat                 = [[Bolu]]
+| leader_name          = Erkan Kılıç
-<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
-| image_map               = Bolu in Turkey.svg
+| area_footnotes       =
-| mapsize                 = 300px
+| area_total_km2       = 8313
+|leader_title=[[Governor of Bolu|Governor]]| elevation_m          =
-| map_caption             = Location of Bolu Province in Turkey
+| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
-<!-- location ------------------>
-| subdivision_type        = Country
+| population_total     = 320824
-| subdivision_name        = [[Turkey]]
+| population_as_of     = 2022
+| website              = {{url|http://www.bolu.gov.tr/}}
-| subdivision_type1       = [[First-level NUTS of Turkey|Region]]
+| area_code            = 0374
-| subdivision_name1       = [[East Marmara Region (statistical)|East Marmara]]
+}}'''Bolu Province''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Bolu ili}}}}) is a [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] situated in north-western [[Turkey]]. It is located between the capital, [[Ankara]], and the largest city in the country, [[Istanbul]]. Its area is 8,313&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref> and its population is 320,824 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> The capital city of the province is [[Bolu]].
-| subdivision_type2       = [[Second-level NUTS of Turkey|Subregion]]
-| subdivision_name2       = [[Kocaeli Subregion|Kocaeli]]
-| subdivision_type3       = [[Largest City]]
-| subdivision_name3       = [[Bolu]]
-| seat_type               = Provincial seat and largest city
-| seat                    =
-| seat1_type              = Largest city
-| seat1                   =
-<!-- coordinates -->
-| coordinates =
-<!-- government type, leaders -->
-| leader_title            = [[Electoral districts of Turkey|Electoral district]]
-| leader_name             = [[Bolu (electoral district)|Bolu]]
-| leader_title1           =
-| leader_name1            =
-| total_type              = Total
-| area_total_km2          = 7410
-| population_footnotes    = <ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022, Statistical Tables, Population of Provinces by Years|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2022-49685 |access-date=15 September 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref>
-| population_total        = 320824
-| population_as_of        = 2022
-| population_density_km2  = auto
-| population_urban        =
-| population_urban_footnotes     =
-| population_rural        =
-| population_rural_footnotes     =
-| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
-| area_code               = 0374
-| registration_plate      = 14
-| website                 =
-| footnotes               =
-}}
-[[File:TR Bolu asv2021-10 img21 Peace Dove.jpg|thumb|[[Bolu]] city.]]
-'''Bolu Province''' ({{lang-tr|{{italics correction|Bolu ili}}}}) is a [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] situated in north-western [[Turkey]]. It is located between the capital, [[Ankara]] and the largest city in the country, [[Istanbul]]. It covers an area of 7,410&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and the population is 311,810.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
-The capital city of the province is [[Bolu]].
 ==Geography==
 The province is drained by the Bolu River (''Boli Su'') and the Koca River.
-The forests, lakes, and mountains are rich in wildlife including three deer species and popular weekend and holiday retreats for walkers and climbers.
+The forests, lakes, and mountains are home to wildlife, including three deer species. Parts of the province are vulnerable to earthquakes.
+== Protected areas ==
-Parts of the province are vulnerable to earthquakes.
+[[File:Bolu Gölcük Tabiat Parkı Havadan Görünüm.jpg|thumb|Bolu Gölcük Nature Park aerial view]]
+[[File:Bolu Gölcük Tabiat Parkı.jpg|thumb|Bolu Gölcük Nature Park side view of the State Guesthouse]]
+The province has the [[Yedigöller National Park]].
+There is also another area consisting of a lake and its surroundings that is under protection by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as a '[[nature park]]' that is called Gölcük. There is a structure on the shore of the lake named the State Guesthouse of the Ministry of Forestry. Near the nature park is an artificial lake; the lake is {{Convert|13|km|sigfig=1}} to the south of the city of Bolu.
 ==History==
-It is not known when Bolu was first founded. There are some archaeological findings dating back about 100,000{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} years that suggest the region was inhabited then.
+It is not known when Bolu was first established. Some archaeological findings that date back about 100,000{{Citation needed|date=March 2007}} years suggest the region was inhabited then.
-The area now in Bolu Province was in eastern [[Bithynia]] and southwestern [[Paphlagonia]]. The town of Bithynium from which the area takes its name is the modern [[Bolu]]. The area was called Bithynia during the [[Hellenistic]] period, the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] named it Claudio Polis, and it was called Bolu by the Turks.<ref>[https://www.allaboutturkey.com/bolu.html All About Turkey - Bolu]</ref> By about 375 BCE, Bithynia had gained its independence from [[Achaemenid|Persia]] under [[Artaxerxes II]], and King Bas subsequently defeated [[Alexander the Great|Alexander's]] attempt to take it.<ref>[[Memnon of Heraclea|Memnon]], ''History of Heracleia'', [http://www.attalus.org/translate/memnon1.html 12]</ref> The Bithynian region with parts of Paphlagonia remained its own kingdom until 88 BCE when it briefly came under [[Mithridates VI of Pontus|Mithridates VI]] and the [[Kingdom of Pontus]]. With [[Roman Empire|Roman]] help the last Bithynian king, [[Nicomedes IV of Bithynia|Nicomedes IV]] regained his throne, but on his death bequeathed the kingdom to Rome. This led to the [[Third Mithridatic War]] and the fall of Pontus, the area was incorporated into the [[Roman Empire]] as a single province joining Paphlagonia with Bithynia. Under the falling [[Byzantine Empire]] the Bolu area was divided from western Bithynia at the [[Sakarya River]], with western Bithynia keeping the name.  The Sakarya is still the southern and western boundary of the province.
+The area now in Bolu Province was in eastern [[Bithynia]] and southwestern [[Paphlagonia]]. The town of Bithynium, from which the area takes its name, is the modern [[Bolu]]. The area was called Bithynia during the [[Hellenistic]] period. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] named it Claudiopolis, and it was called Bolu by the Turks.<ref>[https://www.allaboutturkey.com/bolu.html All About Turkey - Bolu]</ref> By approximately 375 BCE, Bithynia had gained its independence from [[Achaemenid|Persia]] under [[Artaxerxes II]], and King Bas subsequently defeated [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]'s attempt to take it.<ref>[[Memnon of Heraclea|Memnon]], ''History of Heracleia'', [http://www.attalus.org/translate/memnon1.html 12]</ref> The Bithynian region, with parts of Paphlagonia remained its own kingdom until 88 BCE, when it briefly came under [[Mithridates VI of Pontus|Mithridates VI]] and the [[Kingdom of Pontus]]. With Roman's help, the last Bithynian king, [[Nicomedes IV of Bithynia|Nicomedes IV]], regained his throne, but on his death bequeathed the kingdom to Rome. This led to the [[Third Mithridatic War]] and the fall of Pontus, after which the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a single province, merging Paphlagonia with Bithynia. Under the falling [[Byzantine Empire]], the Bolu area was divided from western Bithynia at the [[Sakarya River]], with western Bithynia keeping the name. The Sakarya River remains the southern and western boundary of the province.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=Turkey {{!}} Location, Geography, People, Economy, Culture, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkey |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
-The Byzantine Empire briefly lost the Bolu area to the [[Seljuk Turks]] after the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]], but recovered it under [[Alexios I Komnenos]]. After the end of the [[Komnenos|Komnenos dynasty]], the Turks gradually took the Bolu area back.
+The Byzantine Empire briefly lost the Bolu area to the [[Seljuk Turks]] after the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]] but recovered it under [[Alexios I Komnenos]]. After the end of the [[Komnenos|Komnenos dynasty]], the Turks gradually reclaimed the Bolu area back. In approximately 1240, the Seljuk Turks took the eastern part of the Bolu area (i.e., the Paphlagonian part) from the Byzantine Empire and incorporated it into the [[Sultanate of Rum]]. Due to their assistance in taking it and [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], the [[Chobanids (beylik)|Chobanids]] were given that territory and adjacent areas to the north and east to govern. That eastern area fell to the [[Isfendiyarids]] in 1292 and was controlled by them until 1461, after which it was incorporated into the rest of the [[Ottoman Empire]] by [[Mehmed II]].
+By 1265, the western part of the Bolu area was again acquired by the Seljuk Turks, but it fell to [[Orhan]] and the Ottoman Empire in the early to mid-1300s.  The two areas were reunited in 1461, under Mehmed II. In the [[Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire#Vilayets (1864–1922)|1864 Ottoman Empire administrative reorganization]], Bolu was made into an independent [[sanjak]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=A handbook of Asia Minor|volume=1|year=1919|author=Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy)|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226 226]}}</ref> although it was geographically part of the [[Kastamonu Vilayet]].
-About 1240 the [[Seljuk Turks]] took the eastern part of the Bolu area (i.e. the Paphlagonian part) from the [[Byzantine Empire]] and incorporated it into the [[Sultanate of Rum]]. Due to their assistance in taking it and [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], the [[Chobanids (beylik)|Chobanids]] were given that territory and adjacent areas to the north and east to rule. The Chobanids were relatively independent of the Sultan.  That eastern area fell under the [[Isfendiyarids]] between 1292 and 1461. In 1461 it was incorporated into the rest of the [[Ottoman Empire]] by [[Mehmed II]].
-By 1265, the western part of the Bolu area was again acquired by the Seljuk Turks, but it fell to the arms of [[Orhan]] and the Ottoman Empire in the early to mid-1300s.  The two areas were reunited in 1461, under [[Mehmed II]]. In the 1864 Ottoman Empire administrative reorganization, Bolu was created as an independent [[sanjak]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=A handbook of Asia Minor|volume=1|year=1919|author=Naval staff, Intelligence Department (Royal Navy)|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/stream/handbookofasiami01greauoft#page/226 226]}}</ref> although it was geographically part of the [[Kastamonu Vilayet]].
 ==Administrative divisions==
-Bolu province is divided into nine [[Districts of Turkey|districts]], four sub-districts, thirteen municipalities and 491 villages.
+Bolu province is divided into nine [[Districts of Turkey|districts]], four sub-districts, thirteen municipalities, and 491 villages.
 {{further|List of municipalities in Bolu Province}}
 ===Districts===
-[[File:Bolu location districts.png|320px|thumb|left]]
+[[File:Bolu location districts.png|320px|thumb|Districts of Bolu Province]]
 *[[Bolu District|Bolu]], the capital district
 *[[Dörtdivan District|Dörtdivan]]
@@ Line 89: / Line 57: @@
 *[[Seben District|Seben]]
 *[[Yeniçağa District|Yeniçağa]]
+==Main sites==
-{{clear left}}
-==Main sights==
 * [[Lake Abant]], a mountain lake resort and hot springs
 * [[Yedigöller National Park]]. The name means "seven lakes" in Turkish, referring to the number of lakes in this forest park.
 * The [[Köroğlu Mountains]], said to be the scene of the folk ''[[Epic of Köroğlu]]''
-* There are many hot springs and mineral baths in the province ({{lang|tr|kaplıcaları}} in Turkish).
 * [[Kartalkaya]], one of Turkey's most popular ski resorts
+* [[Göynük]] [[Akshemseddin]] Mausoleum
 * Sarıalan, a lake high in the mountains above Kartalkaya
 * The Aladağ mountains, including the trail and picnic area of Gölcük
-* Seben Çeltikler
-* [[Göynük]] [[Akshemseddin]] Mausoleum
 Towns include:
@@ Line 107: / Line 71: @@
 * [[Mudurnu]] (the ancient town of Modrenea)
 * [[Gerede]]
-==Gallery==
-<gallery>
-Image:Bolu Gölcük Tabiat Parkı Havadan Görünüm.jpg|Bolu Gölcük Nature Park Aerial View
-Image:Bolu-08523 nevit.jpg|Mist early in the morning
-Image:Infrared 08705 yedigoller-exposure.JPG|A scene from [[Yedigöller]]
-Image:Bolu Gölcük Tabiat Parkı.jpg|Bolu Gölcük Nature Park side view of the State Guesthouse
-Image:Snowy wooden house.jpg|Snowy wooden house
-</gallery>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 125: / Line 80: @@
 == External links ==
 {{Commons category|Bolu Province}}
-* {{in lang|tr}} {{Official website|http://www.bolu.gov.tr/ }}
+* {{Official website|http://www.bolu.gov.tr/ }} {{in lang|tr}}
-* {{in lang|tr}} [http://www.bolu.bel.tr/ Bolu municipality's official website]
+* [http://www.bolu.bel.tr/ Bolu municipality's official website] {{in lang|tr}}
 {{Districts of Turkey|provname=Bolu|}}

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