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Coordinates: 13°19′00″S 35°14′00″E / 13.31667°S 35.23333°E / -13.31667; 35.23333
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[[Image:MZ-Lichinga.png|right|175px|Location of Lichinga in Mozambique]]
{{Short description|Capital of Niassa Province, Mozambique}}
{{Infobox settlement
'''Lichinga''' is a [[city]] located in [[Niassa Province]] of [[Mozambique]]. It lies almost 1500 m above [[sea level]] on the [[Lichinga Plateau]], east of [[Lake Niassa]] (Lake Malawi). The town has a population of 112,000 and was founded as '''Vila Cabral''' as a military settlement and is home to an [[airport]]. Owing to its high altitude location the town experiences a temperate-cold climate, with winter months as cold as 0°C and summertime rarely hotter than 32 °C. The town is surrounded by a [[pine tree]] [[plantation]].
|official_name = Lichinga
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline =Conselho Municipal Lichinga.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =Municipal Council of Lichinga
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Mozambique
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_mapsize =240
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{Flag|Mozambique}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Mozambique|Provinces]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Niassa Province]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Mozambique|District]]
|subdivision_name2 =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 280
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2017 census
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|population_total = 213361
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_mi2 =
|timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|13|18|46|S|35|14|26|E|region:MZ|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m = 1398
|elevation_ft =
|blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank_info = [[Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cfb, Cwb)|Cwb]]
}}


'''Lichinga''' is the capital [[List of cities in Mozambique|city]] of [[Niassa Province]] of [[Mozambique]]. It lies on the [[Lichinga Plateau]] at an altitude of {{Convert|1360|m||abbr=}}, east of [[Lake Niassa]] (Lake Malawi). The town was founded as '''Vila Cabral''' as a farming and military settlement. It is served by [[Lichinga Airport]]. The province borders [[Ruvuma Region]] in [[Tanzania]].
== Railway ==


==History==
A railway branch line from the port of [[Nacala]] terminates in this town.
===Early history===
The region that is Niassa province is the ancestral homeland of the [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]] and [[Makua people|Makua]].
===Portuguese rule===
Founded by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial administration in 1931 as Vila Cabral,<ref>[http://www.niassatourism.com/section-uklichinga/ www.niassatourism.com], Retrieved on June 14, 2008</ref> the town was designed to become a fast growth urban centre, its streets and avenues paying attention to a projected future growth. Vila Cabral was upgraded to city status in 1962. In the early 1960s its population was 27,000 inhabitants; by 1970 it had 36,715. The city developed as an agriculture and colonial service centre until the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975. In addition, the town's economy included [[forestry]]-based activities and was surrounded by a [[pine]] [[tree plantation]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Do outro lado do tempo: Moçambique antes de 1975 VERSÂO COMPLETA |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igQEvBShfu0 |access-date=2023-04-08 |language=en}}</ref>


===After independence from Portugal===
{{Mozambique-geo-stub}}
After independence the new government renamed the city Lichinga. The effects of 17 years of [[Mozambican Civil War|civil war]] (1975-1992) spread famine and disease in Mozambique resulting in many deaths and refugees in the region around Lichinga.
{{Mozambique Provincial Capitals}}
{{coor title dm|13|19|S|35|14|E|region:MZ_type:city}}


==Climate==
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Mozambique]]
Owing to its high altitude location the town experiences a moderate [[subtropical highland climate]] (''Cwb'', according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with cool weather in the dry season (May to September) and average temperatures of {{Convert|15.5|C||abbr=}} in July. Summertime is October to April with the hottest weather in November: average temperature {{Convert|22|C||abbr=}}. This is also the season of heavy rain especially December to March. The annual rainfall is {{Convert|1171|mm||abbr=on}}.


{{Weather box
[[Category:Niassa Province]]
|location = Lichinga, Mozambique (1961-1990 normals, extremes 1951–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan record high C = 30.5
|Feb record high C = 30.2
|Mar record high C = 29.8
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 27.0
|Jul record high C = 29.0
|Aug record high C = 29.8
|Sep record high C = 31.0
|Oct record high C = 36.4
|Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 32.0
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 24.5
|Feb high C = 24.6
|Mar high C = 24.5
|Apr high C = 23.8
|May high C = 22.6
|Jun high C = 21.0
|Jul high C = 20.4
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 25.1
|Oct high C = 27.1
|Nov high C = 26.6
|Dec high C = 24.9
|year high C = 23.9
|Jan mean C = 19.6
|Feb mean C = 19.8
|Mar mean C = 19.4
|Apr mean C = 18.6
|May mean C = 16.9
|Jun mean C = 15.0
|Jul mean C = 14.7
|Aug mean C = 16.2
|Sep mean C = 18.7
|Oct mean C = 20.7
|Nov mean C = 20.7
|Dec mean C = 19.8
|year mean C = 18.4
|Jan low C = 16.1
|Feb low C = 16.1
|Mar low C = 15.8
|Apr low C = 14.6
|May low C = 12.1
|Jun low C = 9.8
|Jul low C = 9.4
|Aug low C = 10.3
|Sep low C = 12.4
|Oct low C = 14.8
|Nov low C = 15.9
|Dec low C = 16.1
|year low C = 13.6
|Jan record low C = 10.4
|Feb record low C = 11.0
|Mar record low C = 9.0
|Apr record low C = 7.8
|May record low C = 1.9
|Jun record low C = 2.7
|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Aug record low C = 1.8
|Sep record low C = 6.6
|Oct record low C = 8.5
|Nov record low C = 8.9
|Dec record low C = 10.5
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 222.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 224.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 201.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 91.9
|May precipitation mm = 24.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 2.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 1.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 3.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 19.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 103.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 234.6
|year precipitation mm = 1132.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 19.4
|Feb precipitation days = 16.9
|Mar precipitation days = 17.8
|Apr precipitation days = 9.8
|May precipitation days = 2.8
|Jun precipitation days = 0.7
|Jul precipitation days = 0.9
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.6
|Oct precipitation days = 2.6
|Nov precipitation days = 9.1
|Dec precipitation days = 17.8
|year precipitation days = 98.6
|Jan humidity = 87
|Feb humidity = 86
|Mar humidity = 85
|Apr humidity = 82
|May humidity = 76
|Jun humidity = 73
|Jul humidity = 67
|Aug humidity = 63
|Sep humidity = 57
|Oct humidity = 52
|Nov humidity = 65
|Dec humidity = 82
|year humidity = 73
|Jan sun = 130.2
|Feb sun = 130.0
|Mar sun = 161.2
|Apr sun = 183.0
|May sun = 232.5
|Jun sun = 222.0
|Jul sun = 213.9
|Aug sun = 241.8
|Sep sun = 246.0
|Oct sun = 279.0
|Nov sun = 201.0
|Dec sun = 139.5
|year sun =
|Jan percentsun = 33
|Feb percentsun = 37
|Mar percentsun = 43
|Apr percentsun = 52
|May percentsun = 66
|Jun percentsun = 66
|Jul percentsun = 61
|Aug percentsun = 67
|Sep percentsun = 69
|Oct percentsun = 73
|Nov percentsun = 53
|Dec percentsun = 35
|year percentsun = 54
|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_672170_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Lichinga (Vila Cabral), Provinz Niassa / Mosambik
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = German
| accessdate = April 19, 2017}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (extremes)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=daily-summaries&stations=MZ000067217&startDate=1700-01-01&endDate=2023-12-31&dataTypes=TMAX,TMIN,PRCP
| title = Global Historical Climatological Network - Daily
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = January 26, 2023
}}</ref>
}}


==Demographics==
[[da:Lichinga]]
There are a minimum estimated 450,000 [[Yao (ethnic group in Africa)|Yao people]] living in Mozambique. They largely occupy the eastern and northern part of the [[Niassa province]] and form about 40% of the population of Lichinga.
[[de:Lichinga]]

[[es:Lichinga]]
{| class="wikitable"
[[eu:Lichinga]]
! Year
[[id:Lichinga]]
! Population<ref name="wg">{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-153 |title=Mozambique: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |accessdate=2008-06-18 |work=World Gazetteer }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
[[lt:Lišinga]]
|-
[[no:Lichinga]]
| 1997 census
[[pt:Lichinga]]
| 85,758
[[ro:Lichinga]]
|-
[[fi:Lichinga]]
| 2007 census
[[sv:Lichinga]]
| 142,331
[[zh:利欣加]]
|-
| 2017 census
| 213,361
|}

==Transport==

A [[Nacala railway|railway branch line]] from the [[port of Nacala]] terminates in this town, it has been renovated and receives services 3 times per week. Transport into and out of the city is either by private car or the public ''chapa'', or minibus system. Air service is provided by Lichinga Airport with flights to Nampula and Maputo through [[LAM Mozambique Airlines]] or Ethiopian Airlines.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Notable people==
*[[Venâncio Mondlane]] (born 1974), politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|13|19|00|S| 35|14|00|E|region:MZ_type:city|display=title}}

{{Provincial capitals of Mozambique}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Niassa Province]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in Mozambique]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1931]]
[[Category:Lichinga District]]

Latest revision as of 17:14, 31 October 2024

Lichinga
Municipal Council of Lichinga
Municipal Council of Lichinga
Lichinga is located in Mozambique
Lichinga
Lichinga
Coordinates: 13°18′46″S 35°14′26″E / 13.31278°S 35.24056°E / -13.31278; 35.24056
Country Mozambique
ProvincesNiassa Province
Area
 • Total
280 km2 (110 sq mi)
Elevation
1,398 m (4,587 ft)
Population
 (2017 census)
 • Total
213,361
 • Density760/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)
ClimateCwb

Lichinga is the capital city of Niassa Province of Mozambique. It lies on the Lichinga Plateau at an altitude of 1,360 metres (4,460 ft), east of Lake Niassa (Lake Malawi). The town was founded as Vila Cabral as a farming and military settlement. It is served by Lichinga Airport. The province borders Ruvuma Region in Tanzania.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

The region that is Niassa province is the ancestral homeland of the Yao and Makua.

Portuguese rule

[edit]

Founded by the Portuguese colonial administration in 1931 as Vila Cabral,[1] the town was designed to become a fast growth urban centre, its streets and avenues paying attention to a projected future growth. Vila Cabral was upgraded to city status in 1962. In the early 1960s its population was 27,000 inhabitants; by 1970 it had 36,715. The city developed as an agriculture and colonial service centre until the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975. In addition, the town's economy included forestry-based activities and was surrounded by a pine tree plantation.[2]

After independence from Portugal

[edit]

After independence the new government renamed the city Lichinga. The effects of 17 years of civil war (1975-1992) spread famine and disease in Mozambique resulting in many deaths and refugees in the region around Lichinga.

Climate

[edit]

Owing to its high altitude location the town experiences a moderate subtropical highland climate (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with cool weather in the dry season (May to September) and average temperatures of 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) in July. Summertime is October to April with the hottest weather in November: average temperature 22 °C (72 °F). This is also the season of heavy rain especially December to March. The annual rainfall is 1,171 mm (46.1 in).

Climate data for Lichinga, Mozambique (1961-1990 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9) 		30.2
(86.4) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.3
(86.5) 		32.4
(90.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		29.8
(85.6) 		31.0
(87.8) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		23.8
(74.8) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.4
(68.7) 		22.2
(72.0) 		25.1
(77.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.6
(79.9) 		24.9
(76.8) 		23.9
(75.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.6
(67.3) 		19.8
(67.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		18.6
(65.5) 		16.9
(62.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.7
(69.3) 		19.8
(67.6) 		18.4
(65.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		15.8
(60.4) 		14.6
(58.3) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		14.8
(58.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		16.1
(61.0) 		13.6
(56.5)
Record low °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		9.0
(48.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		1.9
(35.4) 		2.7
(36.9) 		1.0
(33.8) 		1.8
(35.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		8.9
(48.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		1.0
(33.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 222.5
(8.76) 		224.1
(8.82) 		201.2
(7.92) 		91.9
(3.62) 		24.6
(0.97) 		2.8
(0.11) 		3.6
(0.14) 		1.0
(0.04) 		3.4
(0.13) 		19.4
(0.76) 		103.0
(4.06) 		234.6
(9.24) 		1,132.1
(44.57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19.4 16.9 17.8 9.8 2.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.6 2.6 9.1 17.8 98.6
Average relative humidity (%) 87 86 85 82 76 73 67 63 57 52 65 82 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.2 130.0 161.2 183.0 232.5 222.0 213.9 241.8 246.0 279.0 201.0 139.5 2,380.1
Percent possible sunshine 33 37 43 52 66 66 61 67 69 73 53 35 54
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Source 2: NOAA (extremes)[4]

Demographics

[edit]

There are a minimum estimated 450,000 Yao people living in Mozambique. They largely occupy the eastern and northern part of the Niassa province and form about 40% of the population of Lichinga.

Year Population[5]
1997 census 85,758
2007 census 142,331
2017 census 213,361

Transport

[edit]

A railway branch line from the port of Nacala terminates in this town, it has been renovated and receives services 3 times per week. Transport into and out of the city is either by private car or the public chapa, or minibus system. Air service is provided by Lichinga Airport with flights to Nampula and Maputo through LAM Mozambique Airlines or Ethiopian Airlines.[citation needed]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ www.niassatourism.com, Retrieved on June 14, 2008
  2. ^ Do outro lado do tempo: Moçambique antes de 1975 VERSÂO COMPLETA, retrieved 2023-04-08
  3. ^ "Klimatafel von Lichinga (Vila Cabral), Provinz Niassa / Mosambik" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  4. ^ "Global Historical Climatological Network - Daily". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  5. ^ "Mozambique: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 2008-06-18.[dead link‍]

13°19′00″S 35°14′00″E / 13.31667°S 35.23333°E / -13.31667; 35.23333

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