Jump to content

Avraham Shalom: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
ArmbrustBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
115,683 edits
m →References: re-categorisation per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2015 May 2, replaced: Category:Directors of the Shabak → Category:Directors of the Shin Bet using AWB
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);
 
(27 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Israeli Intelligence officer}}
⚫
'''Avraham Shalom Bendor''' ({{lang-he-n|אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר}}; July 7, 1928 – June 19, 2014) was head of GSS ([[Shin Bet]]) from 1981-1986.<ref name=profile>[http://www.shabak.gov.il/English/History/heads/Pages/Avraham%28Shalom%29Ben-Dor.aspx Avraham (Shalom) Ben-Dor ], profile on ISA website</ref> He resigned after being accused of ordering the killing of two Palestinian prisoners and organising the subsequent cover-up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Former-Shin-Bet-chief-Avraham-Shalom-dies-at-86-359903 |title=Former Shin Bet chief Avraham Shalom dies at 86 |publisher=JPost |date= |accessdate=2014-06-19}}</ref> He was born in [[Vienna, Austria]].
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
| name = Avraham Shalom Bendor
| native_name = אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר
| native_name_lang= he
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|07|07|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|06|19|1928|07|07|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| nationality = {{flag|Israel}}
| occupation = Intelligence officer
| office1 = Director of the [[Shin Bet]]
| term_start1 = 1981
| term_end1 = 1986
| predecessor1 = [[Avraham Ahituv]]
| successor1 = [[Yaakov Peri]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = {{flag|Israel}}
| branch = [[Shin Bet]]
| serviceyears = 1950–1986
⚫
}}
}}


⚫
'''Avraham Shalom Bendor''' ({{langx|he|אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר}}; 7 July 1928 – 19 June 2014) was head of [[Shin Bet]] from 1981 to 1986.<ref name=profile>[http://www.shabak.gov.il/English/History/heads/Pages/Avraham%28Shalom%29Ben-Dor.aspx Avraham (Shalom) Ben-Dor ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408014551/http://www.shabak.gov.il/English/History/heads/Pages/Avraham(Shalom)Ben-Dor.aspx |date=2010-04-08 }}, profile on ISA website</ref> He resigned after being accused of ordering the killing of two Palestinian prisoners and organising the subsequent cover-up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Former-Shin-Bet-chief-Avraham-Shalom-dies-at-86-359903 |title=Former Shin Bet chief Avraham Shalom dies at 86 |publisher=JPost |date= 19 June 2014|accessdate=2014-06-19}}</ref>
⚫
==Early career==
In 1946, he joined the [[Palmach]] and later fought in the [[battle of Mishmar HaEmek]] amongst others.<ref name=profile />


⚫
==Early life==
He joined the GSS in 1950, rising to the top position of Director by 1980.<ref name=profile />
Shalom was born in [[Vienna, Austria]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/avraham-shalom-former-chief-of-israels-domestic-intelligence-agency-dies-at-86/2014/06/19/9a2724f0-f7d3-11e3-8aa9-dad2ec039789_story.html|title=Avraham Shalom, former chief of Israel's domestic intelligence agency, dies at 86|last=Bernstein|first=Adam|date=2014-06-19|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2016-04-06}}</ref> In 1939, he moved with his family to what was then [[Mandatory Palestine]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1946, he joined the [[Palmach]] and later fought in the [[battle of Mishmar HaEmek]] amongst other battles.<ref name=profile />


==Kav 300 affair==
== Shin Bet ==
He joined the Shin Bet in 1950, and participated in the capture of [[Adolf Eichmann]] in 1960.<ref name=":0" /> He was eventually appointed to the head of the Shin Bet in 1980.<ref name="profile" /><ref name=":0" />

Shalom Bendor was one of the head of company [[Atwell Security]] in [[Tel Aviv]], an Israeli security company staffed with high-ranking Shin Bet and Mossad agents. Peter Malkin helped to the deal which would put control of security at the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] through a contract with the Port Authority of New York in 1987. Atwell Security was a subsidiary of Eisenberg Group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Billionaire Shaul Eisenberg dies at 76|url=https://apnews.com/article/9e84d41efbf1c9c17bb8fcc450017c12|access-date=2021-03-02|website=AP NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Barry|first=Scott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3A7PDwAAQBAJ&q=Atwell+Security+Eisenberg+Group&pg=RA2-PA36|title=A Series of Documents|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-6781-1151-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Babcock|first=Charles R.|date=1987-04-12|title=ISRAELI FIRM LOSES N.Y. AIRPORT AWARD|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/04/12/israeli-firm-loses-ny-airport-award/b197ca31-2b51-4236-97d5-541f5955b4f9/|access-date=2021-03-02|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

===Kav 300 affair===
{{Main|Kav 300}}
{{Main|Kav 300}}
After the hijacking of a bus from [[Tel Aviv]] on 12 April 1984, it was reported that all four hijackers had been killed.<ref>The Times (London), Friday 13 April, Tuesday 17 April 1984.</ref> However, following publication of pictures taken at the scene it emerged that two surviving hijackers were questioned by Brigadier General [[Yitzhak Mordechai]] and then handed over to GSS agents who executed the prisoners - allegedly on the orders of Shalom.<ref>Michael Keren (1995) Professionals against populism: the Peres government and democracy SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-2563-0 pp 32-33</ref><ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/newly-released-papers-reveal-how-shin-bet-tried-to-hide-bus-300-killings-1.386889 "Newly released papers reveal how Shin Bet tried to hide 'Bus 300' killings"], 27 Sept 2001, Haaretz.com</ref>
After the hijacking of a bus from [[Tel Aviv]] on 12 April 1984, it was reported that all four hijackers had been killed.<ref>The Times (London), Friday 13 April, Tuesday 17 April 1984.</ref> However, following publication of pictures taken at the scene it emerged that two surviving hijackers were questioned by Brigadier General [[Yitzhak Mordechai]] and then handed over to Shin Bet agents who executed the prisoners—allegedly on the orders of Shalom.<ref>Michael Keren (1995) Professionals against populism: the Peres government and democracy SUNY Press, {{ISBN|0-7914-2563-0}} pp 32-33</ref><ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/newly-released-papers-reveal-how-shin-bet-tried-to-hide-bus-300-killings-1.386889 "Newly released papers reveal how Shin Bet tried to hide 'Bus 300' killings"], 27 Sept 2001, Haaretz.com</ref>


At least one witness indicated Shalom personally beat one of the prisoners to death. "Avrum was holding a pistol and he brought its butt with all of his strength on the head of one of the terrorists. I saw the butt actually entering the skull."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bergman|first1=Ronen|title=Rise and Kill First|date=30 January 2018|publisher=Random House|location=4895}}</ref>
⚫
During the subsequent investigation, Shalom led a cover-up in the GSS that implicated Mordechai as responsible for the killings. In 1985, General Mordechai was put on trial but his acquittal led to questions being asked about Shalom's role.<ref>Middle East International, issue 276, page 5. [[Peretz Kidron]].</ref><ref>Michael Keren (2002) Zichroni v. state of Israel: the biography of a civil rights lawyer Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-0316-4 p 172</ref>


⚫
During the subsequent investigation, Shalom led a cover-up in the Shin Bet that implicated Mordechai as responsible for the killings. In 1985, General Mordechai was put on trial but his acquittal led to questions being asked about Shalom's role.<ref>Middle East International, issue 276, page 5. [[Peretz Kidron]].</ref><ref>Michael Keren (2002) Zichroni v. state of Israel: the biography of a civil rights lawyer Lexington Books, {{ISBN|0-7391-0316-4}} p 172</ref>
⚫
The cover-up caused internal disorder and dysfunction within the GSS,<ref>By Eur, Europa Publications Staff, Europa Publications Staff Europa Publications (2002) The Middle East and North Africa 2003 Routledge, ISBN 1-85743-132-4 P 512</ref> but only became public when in May 1986 Attorney-General [[Yitzhak Zamir]] resigned after attempting to pursue a course of holding Shalom to account for falsifying evidence.<ref name=ME1986>Mideast File By Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah Published by Learned Information, 1986 pp 592-593</ref>


⚫
The cover-up caused internal disorder and dysfunction within the Shin Bet,<ref>By Eur, Europa Publications Staff, Europa Publications Staff Europa Publications (2002) The Middle East and North Africa 2003 Routledge, {{ISBN|1-85743-132-4}} P 512</ref> but only became public when in May 1986 Attorney-General [[Yitzhak Zamir]] resigned after attempting to pursue a course of holding Shalom to account for falsifying evidence.<ref name=ME1986>Mideast File By Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah Published by Learned Information, 1986 pp 592-593</ref>
⚫
President [[Chaim Herzog]] controversially issued pardons to Shalom and four other GSS officers.<ref name=ME1986/> In July 1986 during a high court appeal against the pardons it was revealed in a letter of application for pardon that Shalom claimed that all his actions were "authorised and approved". This placed responsibility on his immediate superior, the Prime Minister at the time - [[Yitzhak Shamir]].<ref>Middle East International, issue 279, pages 8-10. Peretz Kidron.</ref>

In June 1986, Shalom offered his resignation in exchange for a pardon from President [[Chaim Herzog]].<ref name=":0" /> Herzog controversially issued pardons to Shalom and four other Shin Bet officers.<ref name=ME1986/>

⚫
In July 1986 during a high court appeal against the pardons it was revealed in a letter of application for pardon that Shalom claimed that all his actions were "authorised and approved". This placed responsibility on his immediate superior, the Prime Minister at the time, [[Yitzhak Shamir]].<ref>Middle East International, issue 279, pages 8-10. Peretz Kidron.</ref> Shamir denied the blame.<ref name=":0" /> The supreme court upheld the pardons.<ref name=":0" />

After leaving the Shin Bet, Shalom became an advocate for peace with the Palestinians, criticizing prime minister [[Ariel Sharon|Ariel Sharon's]] efforts to sideline [[Yasser Arafat]].<ref name=":0" /> He later appeared in the film [[The Gatekeepers (film)|The Gatekeepers]], where he described his experience in the Shin Bet.<ref name=":0" />


==Death==
==Death==
Shalom died at the age of 86 on June 19, 2014 in [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.<reF>http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/avraham-shalom-former-chief-of-israels-domestic-intelligence-agency-dies-at-86/2014/06/19/9a2724f0-f7d3-11e3-8aa9-dad2ec039789_story.html</reF>
Shalom died at the age of 86 on 19 June 2014 in [[Tel Aviv]], Israel.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
Line 23: Line 57:
{{Heads of Shin Bet}}
{{Heads of Shin Bet}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME = Shalom, Avraham
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Israeli intelligence agent
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 7, 1928
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = June 19, 2014
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalom, Avraham}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalom, Avraham}}
⚫
[[Category:Directors of the Shin Bet]]
⚫
[[Category:Austrian Jews]]
⚫
[[Category:Israeli Jews]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Adolf Eichmann]]
⚫
[[Category:Directors of the Shin Bet]]
[[Category:Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:Israeli military personnel of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
⚫
[[Category:Israeli murderers]]
[[Category:Israeli war criminals]]
[[Category:Palmach members]]
[[Category:Recipients of Israeli presidential pardons]]
⚫
[[Category:Torturers]]

Latest revision as of 17:24, 31 October 2024

Avraham Shalom Bendor
אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר
Director of the Shin Bet
In office
1981–1986
Preceded byAvraham Ahituv
Succeeded byYaakov Peri
Personal details
Born(1928-07-07)7 July 1928
Vienna, Austria
Died19 June 2014(2014-06-19) (aged 85)
Tel Aviv, Israel
Nationality Israel
OccupationIntelligence officer
Military career
Allegiance Israel
Service / branchShin Bet
Years of service1950–1986

Avraham Shalom Bendor (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר; 7 July 1928 – 19 June 2014) was head of Shin Bet from 1981 to 1986.[1] He resigned after being accused of ordering the killing of two Palestinian prisoners and organising the subsequent cover-up.[2]

Early life

[edit]

Shalom was born in Vienna, Austria.[3] In 1939, he moved with his family to what was then Mandatory Palestine.[3] In 1946, he joined the Palmach and later fought in the battle of Mishmar HaEmek amongst other battles.[1]

Shin Bet

[edit]

He joined the Shin Bet in 1950, and participated in the capture of Adolf Eichmann in 1960.[3] He was eventually appointed to the head of the Shin Bet in 1980.[1][3]

Shalom Bendor was one of the head of company Atwell Security in Tel Aviv, an Israeli security company staffed with high-ranking Shin Bet and Mossad agents. Peter Malkin helped to the deal which would put control of security at the World Trade Center through a contract with the Port Authority of New York in 1987. Atwell Security was a subsidiary of Eisenberg Group.[4][5][6]

Kav 300 affair

[edit]
Main article: Kav 300

After the hijacking of a bus from Tel Aviv on 12 April 1984, it was reported that all four hijackers had been killed.[7] However, following publication of pictures taken at the scene it emerged that two surviving hijackers were questioned by Brigadier General Yitzhak Mordechai and then handed over to Shin Bet agents who executed the prisoners—allegedly on the orders of Shalom.[8][9]

At least one witness indicated Shalom personally beat one of the prisoners to death. "Avrum was holding a pistol and he brought its butt with all of his strength on the head of one of the terrorists. I saw the butt actually entering the skull."[10]

During the subsequent investigation, Shalom led a cover-up in the Shin Bet that implicated Mordechai as responsible for the killings. In 1985, General Mordechai was put on trial but his acquittal led to questions being asked about Shalom's role.[11][12]

The cover-up caused internal disorder and dysfunction within the Shin Bet,[13] but only became public when in May 1986 Attorney-General Yitzhak Zamir resigned after attempting to pursue a course of holding Shalom to account for falsifying evidence.[14]

In June 1986, Shalom offered his resignation in exchange for a pardon from President Chaim Herzog.[3] Herzog controversially issued pardons to Shalom and four other Shin Bet officers.[14]

In July 1986 during a high court appeal against the pardons it was revealed in a letter of application for pardon that Shalom claimed that all his actions were "authorised and approved". This placed responsibility on his immediate superior, the Prime Minister at the time, Yitzhak Shamir.[15] Shamir denied the blame.[3] The supreme court upheld the pardons.[3]

After leaving the Shin Bet, Shalom became an advocate for peace with the Palestinians, criticizing prime minister Ariel Sharon's efforts to sideline Yasser Arafat.[3] He later appeared in the film The Gatekeepers, where he described his experience in the Shin Bet.[3]

Death

[edit]

Shalom died at the age of 86 on 19 June 2014 in Tel Aviv, Israel.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Avraham (Shalom) Ben-Dor Archived 2010-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, profile on ISA website
  2. ^ "Former Shin Bet chief Avraham Shalom dies at 86". JPost. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-19.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bernstein, Adam (2014-06-19). "Avraham Shalom, former chief of Israel's domestic intelligence agency, dies at 86". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  4. ^ "Billionaire Shaul Eisenberg dies at 76". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  5. ^ Barry, Scott (31 January 2020). A Series of Documents. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-6781-1151-9.
  6. ^ Babcock, Charles R. (1987-04-12). "ISRAELI FIRM LOSES N.Y. AIRPORT AWARD". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  7. ^ The Times (London), Friday 13 April, Tuesday 17 April 1984.
  8. ^ Michael Keren (1995) Professionals against populism: the Peres government and democracy SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-2563-0 pp 32-33
  9. ^ "Newly released papers reveal how Shin Bet tried to hide 'Bus 300' killings", 27 Sept 2001, Haaretz.com
  10. ^ Bergman, Ronen (30 January 2018). Rise and Kill First. 4895: Random House.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. ^ Middle East International, issue 276, page 5. Peretz Kidron.
  12. ^ Michael Keren (2002) Zichroni v. state of Israel: the biography of a civil rights lawyer Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-0316-4 p 172
  13. ^ By Eur, Europa Publications Staff, Europa Publications Staff Europa Publications (2002) The Middle East and North Africa 2003 Routledge, ISBN 1-85743-132-4 P 512
  14. ^ a b Mideast File By Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah Published by Learned Information, 1986 pp 592-593
  15. ^ Middle East International, issue 279, pages 8-10. Peretz Kidron.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Avraham_Shalom&oldid=1254572311"