Irish exonyms: Difference between revisions
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== Great Britain == |
== Great Britain == |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
! colspan="5" |{{Flag|Great Britain}} ''an Bhreatain Mhór'' |
! colspan="5" |{{Flag|Great Britain}} and Crown dependencies: ''an Bhreatain Mhór'' |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2" |English name |
! rowspan="2" |English name |
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|Mannin |
|Mannin |
||
|Manx |
|Manx |
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|Translation ''Oileán Mhanann (''from {{ |
|Translation ''Oileán Mhanann (''from {{Langx|gv|Ellan Vannin}}) also used |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Isle of Wight]] |
|[[Isle of Wight]] |
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|[[Calque]], literally "ford of the [[oxen]]" |
|[[Calque]], literally "ford of the [[oxen]]" |
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|- |
|- |
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|Perth |
|[[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] |
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|Peairt |
|Peairt |
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|Peairt |
|Peairt |
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|Cymru |
|Cymru |
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|Welsh |
|Welsh |
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|Literally "Little Britain."<ref>{{Cite |
|Literally "Little Britain."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/in-a-word-wales-1.3821916|title=In a Word . . . Wales|first=Patsy|last=McGarry|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[York]] |
|[[York]] |
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|Ellis Island |
|Ellis Island |
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|English |
|English |
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|Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to |
|Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Hawaii|Hawai'i]] |
|[[Hawaii|Hawai'i]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:02, 31 October 2024
This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
Algeria
[edit] Algeria an Ailgéir
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dzayer | Berber | |||
Belgium
[edit] Belgium an Bheilg
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
| Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
| Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
| Walonreye | Walloon | |||
Bosnia and Herzegovina
[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian | |
Canada
[edit] Canada Ceanada
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
| Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | English | |||
| Terre-Neuve | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | English | |||
China
[edit] China an tSín
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
| Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan | |
Croatia
[edit] Croatia an Chróit
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
| Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb | |
Cyprus
[edit] Cyprus an Chipir
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
| Lefkoşa | Turkish | |||
Czech Republic
[edit] Czech Republic an tSeic
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
| Prague | Prág | Praha | |
Denmark
[edit] Denmark an Danmhairg
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
| Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
| Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland | |
Egypt
[edit] Egypt an Éigipt
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Cairo | Caireo | |||
France
[edit] France an Fhrainc
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
| Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
| Bretagne | French | |||
| Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
| Corsica | Italian | |||
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
| Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
| Louréne | Lorrain | |||
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
| Normaundie | Norman | |||
| Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |
Germany
[edit] Germany an Ghearmáin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
| Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | [2] |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
| Saggsn | Upper Saxon | |||
| Sakska | Upper Sorbian | |||
Great Britain
[edit] Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
| Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlise | English | |
| Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Corn na Breataine | ||||
| Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
| Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4] |
| Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
| Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
| Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Jersey | Geirsí | |||
| Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
| London | Londain | London | English | |
| Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
| Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
| Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
| Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
| Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain."[5] |
| York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
[edit] Greece an Ghréig
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Language | Notes | |||
| Athens | an Aithin | |||
| Crete | an Chréit | |||
| Rhodes | Ródas | |||
| Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | |||
Iceland
[edit] Iceland an Íoslainn
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík | |
India
[edit] India an India, an Ind
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Delhi | Deilí | |||
| Kolkata | Calcúta | |||
Indonesia
[edit] Indonesia an Indinéis
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian | |
Israel
[edit] Israel an Iosrael
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | |||
Italy
[edit] Italy an Iodáil
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Florence | Flórans | |||
| Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
| Milan | Milan/ Milano[6] | |||
| Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
| Rome | an Róimh | |||
| Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
| Sicily | an tSicil | |||
| Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
| Venice | an Veinéis | |||
Libya
[edit] Libya an Libia
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tripoli | Tripilí | |||
Lithuania
[edit] Lithuania an Liotuáin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |
Moldova
[edit] Moldova an Mholdóiv
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Chişinău | Císineá | |||
Myanmar
[edit] Myanmar Maenmar
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Yangon | Rangún | |||
Palestine
[edit] Palestine an Phalaistín
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
| בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | |||
| Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
| נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |||
| ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic | |||
Poland
[edit] Poland an Pholainn
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish | |
Portugal
[edit] Portugal an Phortaingéil
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
| Madeira | Maidéara | |||
Romania
[edit] Romania an Rómáin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian | |
Russia
[edit] Russia an Rúis
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
| Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
| Ural | an Úrail | |||
Serbia
[edit] Serbia an tSeirbia
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd | |
South Korea
[edit] South Korea an Chóiré Theas
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Seoul | Súl | ||
Spain
[edit] Spain an Spáinn
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
| Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
| Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
| Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
| Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
| Menorca | Mionarca | |||
| Seville | Seville | |||
Sudan
[edit] Sudan an tSúdáin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Khartoum | Cartúm | |||
Sweden
[edit] Sweden an tSualainn
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
| Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish | |
Switzerland
[edit] Switzerland an Eilvéis
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
| Genève | French | |||
Syria
[edit] Syria an tSiria
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic | |
Tunisia
[edit] Tunisia an Túnéis
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tunis | Túinis | |||
Ukraine
[edit] Ukraine an Úcráin
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
| Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |
United Arab Emirates
[edit] United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí | |||
United States
[edit] United States Stáit Aontaithe
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
| Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
| Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
| New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
[edit] Vietnam Vítneam
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese | |
References
[edit]- téarma.ie – Téarma – the National Terminology Database for Irish, developed by Fiontar (Dublin City University) in collaboration with An Coiste Téarmaíochta (Foras na Gaeilge)
- ^ Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
- ^ "berlin - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar berlin (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)". www.focloir.ie. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. 18 September 1887 – via Google Books.
- ^ O'Curry, Eugene (20 July 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
- ^ McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.