Yeshayahu Yerushalmi: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Israeli judge}} |
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[[Lieutenant Colonel]] '''Yeshayahu Yerushalmi''' ({{lang-he|ישעיהו ירושלמי}}), sometimes referred to as '''Isaiah Yerushalmi''', is a former Israeli judge. Yerushalmi was the primary author of the preliminary Israeli inquiry into the [[USS Liberty incident]] (called the Yerushalmi Report). In many subsequent accounts his name is transliterated as '''Y. Yerushalmi'''. |
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'''Yeshayahu Yerushalmi''' ({{langx|he|ישעיהו ירושלמי}}), also '''Isaiah Yerushalmi''' (1920 in [[Poland]]<ref name="Cristol2002">{{cite book|last=Cristol|first=A. Jay|title=The Liberty incident: the 1967 Israeli attack on the U.S. navy spy ship|url=https://archive.org/details/libertyincident10000cris|url-access=registration|access-date=5 January 2011|year=2002|publisher=Brassey's|isbn=978-1-57488-536-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/libertyincident10000cris/page/167 167]}}</ref> – June 1, 1999),<ref>{{cite web |title=השופט ישעיהו ירושלמי ז"ל שופט בית המשפט |url=https://judgescv.court.gov.il/A78384BA-645E-E811-8105-0050568A6817 |publisher=judgescv.court.gov.il |access-date=4 January 2019 |language=he}}</ref> was an Israeli judge. Yerushalmi was the presiding judge of the preliminary Israeli inquiry into the [[USS Liberty incident]] (called the Yerushalmi Report).<ref name="Scott2010">{{cite book|last=Scott|first=James|title=The Attack on the Liberty: The Untold Story of Israel's Deadly 1967 Assault on a U.S. Spy Ship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72cI13uPqGMC&pg=PT277|access-date=6 January 2011|date=6 July 2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4165-5483-7|pages=277–8}}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
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{{israel-bio-stub}} |
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Yeshayahu Yerushalmi was born in Poland. As a teenager, he [[aliyah|immigrated]] to [[Mandatory Palestine]] in 1935.<ref name="Scott2010"/> A graduate of [[Tel Aviv]]'s Balfour College, he studied law at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] and joined the [[Haganah]].<ref name="Cristol2002"/> |
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==Legal career== |
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He served as a law clerk and lawyer from March 1942 to 1947 and then joined the military where he transferred to the Military Advocate General and became JAG to the [[Israeli Air Force]], later to the [[Israeli Navy]].<ref name="Cristol2002"/> In 1957 he was appointed as a judge on the [[Military Court of Appeals]], a position in which he held until launching an enquiry in the [[USS Liberty incident]] in 1967.<ref name="Cristol2002"/> |
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In his investigation into the assault, Yerushalmi conceded that the pilots responsible for the attack had spotted the markings on the ship but were generally uncertain of the identity of the ship.<ref name="Scott2010"/> His report diminished many of the criticisms against Israeli forces in the attack despite the fact that two Israeli Navy officers had appeared to be aware of who was running the ''Liberty''.<ref name="Scott2010"/> Yerushalmi conceded that the United States ship had entered waters which "were dangerous for shipping" and concluded that the Israel perpetrators responsible for the deaths of 34 Americans had acted within reason during wartime.<ref name="Scott2010"/> |
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Although Yerushalmi's report was criticized as "poorly written",<ref name="Scott2010"/> all US enquiries into the event concluded that it was a genuine case of mistaken identity.<ref name="Fisher">{{cite web|url=http://www.fisherinstitute.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/27-6.pdf|title=THE LIBERTY INCIDENT:A MISGUIDED MISSILE IN THE PROPAGANDA WAR AGAINST ISRAEL|publisher=Fisher Institute|access-date=6 January 2011}}</ref> While the attack was initially seen as a deliberate attack against the US, [[NSA]] has provided evidence from radio intercepts that the target was erroneously identified as having hostile intent and was not identified as American until 44 minutes after the attack.<ref name="Fisher"/> Also complicating the situation was that just two days prior to the incident on June 8, 1967, the United States and the United Nations Security Council had declared that they had no warships within hundreds of miles of the fighting zone.<ref name="Fisher"/> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Israeli law]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yerushalmi, Yeshayahu}} |
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[[Category:Polish emigrants to Mandatory Palestine]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Israeli judges]] |
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[[Category:1999 deaths]] |
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[[Category:1920 births]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:05, 31 October 2024
Yeshayahu Yerushalmi (Hebrew: ישעיהו ירושלמי), also Isaiah Yerushalmi (1920 in Poland[1] – June 1, 1999),[2] was an Israeli judge. Yerushalmi was the presiding judge of the preliminary Israeli inquiry into the USS Liberty incident (called the Yerushalmi Report).[3]
Biography
[edit]Yeshayahu Yerushalmi was born in Poland. As a teenager, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935.[3] A graduate of Tel Aviv's Balfour College, he studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and joined the Haganah.[1]
Legal career
[edit]He served as a law clerk and lawyer from March 1942 to 1947 and then joined the military where he transferred to the Military Advocate General and became JAG to the Israeli Air Force, later to the Israeli Navy.[1] In 1957 he was appointed as a judge on the Military Court of Appeals, a position in which he held until launching an enquiry in the USS Liberty incident in 1967.[1]
In his investigation into the assault, Yerushalmi conceded that the pilots responsible for the attack had spotted the markings on the ship but were generally uncertain of the identity of the ship.[3] His report diminished many of the criticisms against Israeli forces in the attack despite the fact that two Israeli Navy officers had appeared to be aware of who was running the Liberty.[3] Yerushalmi conceded that the United States ship had entered waters which "were dangerous for shipping" and concluded that the Israel perpetrators responsible for the deaths of 34 Americans had acted within reason during wartime.[3]
Although Yerushalmi's report was criticized as "poorly written",[3] all US enquiries into the event concluded that it was a genuine case of mistaken identity.[4] While the attack was initially seen as a deliberate attack against the US, NSA has provided evidence from radio intercepts that the target was erroneously identified as having hostile intent and was not identified as American until 44 minutes after the attack.[4] Also complicating the situation was that just two days prior to the incident on June 8, 1967, the United States and the United Nations Security Council had declared that they had no warships within hundreds of miles of the fighting zone.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Cristol, A. Jay (2002). The Liberty incident: the 1967 Israeli attack on the U.S. navy spy ship. Brassey's. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-57488-536-1. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ^ "השופט ישעיהו ירושלמי ז"ל שופט בית המשפט" (in Hebrew). judgescv.court.gov.il. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Scott, James (6 July 2010). The Attack on the Liberty: The Untold Story of Israel's Deadly 1967 Assault on a U.S. Spy Ship. Simon and Schuster. pp. 277–8. ISBN 978-1-4165-5483-7. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
- ^ a b c "THE LIBERTY INCIDENT:A MISGUIDED MISSILE IN THE PROPAGANDA WAR AGAINST ISRAEL" (PDF). Fisher Institute. Retrieved 6 January 2011.