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{{Short description|American military officer (1832–1917)}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= Henry Martyn Lazelle
|name=Henry Martyn Lazelle
|birth_date= {{birth date|1832|09|08}}
|birth_date={{birth date|1832|09|08}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1917|07|21|1832|09|08}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1917|07|21|1832|09|08}}
|birth_place= [[Worcester, Massachusetts]]
|birth_place=[[Worcester, Massachusetts]]
|death_place= Georgeville, [[Quebec]]
|death_place=Georgeville, [[Quebec]]
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label= Place of Burial
|placeofburial_label=Place of Burial
|image=Henry M Lazelle.jpg
|image=Henry M Lazelle.jpg
|caption=Henry M. Lazelle
|caption=Henry M. Lazelle
|allegiance= [[United States|United States of America]]<br/>[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|allegiance=[[United States|United States of America]]<br />[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[United States Army]]<br/>[[Union Army]]
|branch=[[United States Army]]<br />[[Union Army]]
|serviceyears= 1855&ndash;1894
|serviceyears=1855–1894
|rank= [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|rank= [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|commands=[[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets]]
|commands=[[16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry|16th New York Cavalry Regiment]]<br />[[List of Commandants of Cadets of the United States Military Academy|Commandant of Cadets]]<br />[[23rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|23rd U.S. Infantry Regiment]]
|battles=[[American Civil War]]
|battles=[[American Civil War]]<br />[[Indian Wars]]
[[Indian Wars]]
|laterwork=author
|laterwork=author
}}<!-- Cullum nbr 1706 -->
}}<!-- Cullum nbr 1706 -->
'''Henry Martyn Lazelle''' (September 8, 1832&ndash;July 21, 1917) was a career officer in the [[United States Army]]. In addition to serving during the [[American Civil War]] and [[Indian Wars]], he was [[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets]] at the [[United States Military Academy]] from 1879 to 1882.
'''Henry Martyn Lazelle''' (September 8, 1832 – July 21, 1917) was a career officer in the [[United States Army]]. In addition to serving during the [[American Civil War]] and [[Indian Wars]], he was [[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets]] at the [[United States Military Academy]] from 1879 to 1882.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
He was born Henry Martyn Lazell in [[Enfield, Massachusetts]], where he went to the public schools.<ref name="Worcester">[http://books.google.com/books?id=zXMWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=%22Worcester+at+West+Point%22,+1902&source=bl&ots=y9yloGzmAg&sig=n_WhERFXJcGzMLwJgxjvnJ5fSFM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KYEhT4mSDeLo2QWN0_TfDw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Worcester%20at%20West%20Point%22%2C%201902&f=false "Worcester at West Point"], ''The Worcester Magazine'', Vol. III, Issue 6, June 1902, pp. 200-201, accessed 26 January 2012</ref>
He was born Henry Martyn Lazell in [[Enfield, Massachusetts]], where he went to the public schools.<ref name="Worcester">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zXMWAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Worcester+at+West+Point%22%2C+1902&pg=PA197 "Worcester at West Point"], ''The Worcester Magazine'', Vol. III, Issue 6, June 1902, pp. 200–201, accessed 26 January 2012</ref>


He was orphaned at the age of four and raised by family members of friends. He entered the [[United States Military Academy]] in 1850 and was roommates with [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler|James MacNeil Whistler]], the future artist. After graduating in 1855, he spelled his last name as Lazelle.
He was orphaned at the age of four and raised by family members of friends. He entered the [[United States Military Academy]] in 1850 and was roommates with [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler|James MacNeil Whistler]], the future artist. After graduating in 1855, he spelled his last name as Lazelle.


==Military career==
==Military career==
Later that year, Lazelle was commissioned a [[Second Lieutenant (United States)|second lieutenant]] in the [[8th Infantry Regiment (United States)|8th Infantry]], and stationed at [[Fort Bliss, Texas]]. In February 1859, while on a scouting mission, he was in a skirmish with [[Mescalero|Mescalero Apaches]] and shot through the lungs. He was promoted to [[First Lieutenant (United States)|first lieutenant]] in April 1861.<ref name=CullumVolII>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume II |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1891 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton, Mifflin and Company]] |location=[[Boston]] |pages=636–637}}</ref><ref name=CullumVolVI>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume VI |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1920 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |page=76}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lastintheirclass.com/Whistler.html |title=James McNeil Whistler |accessdate=2009-07-23 |work=Last In Their Class: Custer, Pickett, and the Goats of West Point}}</ref>
Later that year, Lazelle was commissioned a [[Second Lieutenant (United States)|second lieutenant]] in the [[8th Infantry Regiment (United States)|8th US Infantry]], and stationed at [[Fort Bliss, Texas]]. In February 1859, while on a scouting mission, he was in a skirmish with [[Mescalero|Mescalero Apaches]] and shot through the lungs. He was promoted to [[First Lieutenant (United States)|first lieutenant]] in April 1861.<ref name=CullumVolII>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume II |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1891 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton, Mifflin and Company]] |location=[[Boston]] |pages=636–637}}</ref><ref name=CullumVolVI>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume VI |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1920 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |page=76}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lastintheirclass.com/Whistler.html |title=James McNeil Whistler |access-date=2009-07-23 |work=Last In Their Class: Custer, Pickett, and the Goats of West Point}}</ref>


Posted in Texas at [[Fort Bliss]] at the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]], Lazelle and his comrades were taken prisoner by Texas [[insurgents]] in May 1861. He was held until exchanged in July 1862, during which time he was promoted to [[Captain (United States)|captain]]. From then until October 1863, he served in [[Washington D.C.]] as Assistant Commissary General of [[Prisoners of War]].
Posted in Texas at [[Fort Bliss]] at the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]], Lazelle and his comrades were taken prisoner by Texas [[insurgents]] in May 1861. He was held until exchanged in July 1862, during which time he was promoted to [[Captain (United States)|captain]]. From then until October 1863, he served in [[Washington, D.C.]], as Assistant Commissary General of [[Prisoners of War]].


From October 1863 to October 1864, he served as [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] of the <!-- [[16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry|16th New York Volunteer Cavalry]] -->[[16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry]], operating against [[Mosby's Rangers]] in the Upper South. He resigned his volunteer commission in October 1864. He served as Inspector General on the staff of [[Frederick Steele|General Frederick Steele]] until February 1865, as Assistant Provost Marshal for the Division of the Mississippi until July 1865, and on recruiting service until March 1866.<ref name=CullumVolII/><ref name=AnnualReport/>
From October 1863 to October 1864, he served as [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] of the <!-- [[16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry|16th New York Volunteer Cavalry]] -->[[16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry]], operating against [[Mosby's Rangers]] in the Upper South. He resigned his volunteer commission in October 1864. He served as Inspector General on the staff of [[Frederick Steele|General Frederick Steele]] until February 1865, as Assistant Provost Marshal for the Division of the Mississippi until July 1865, and on recruiting service until March 1866.<ref name=CullumVolII/><ref name=AnnualReport/>


==Post bellum career==
==Postbellum career==
Lazelle rejoined the 8th Infantry on [[Reconstruction era of the United States#Military reconstruction|Reconstruction]] duty in the [[Second Military District]], North and South Carolina, from March 1866 to October 1870. He was also posted with the regiment at [[Davids' Island (New York)|David's Island]] from October 1870 to July 1872.
Lazelle rejoined the 8th Infantry on [[Reconstruction era of the United States#Military reconstruction|Reconstruction]] duty in the [[Second Military District]], North and South Carolina, from March 1866 to October 1870. He was also posted with the regiment at [[Davids Island (New York)|Davids Island]] from October 1870 to July 1872.


He went to the West on assignment to the [[Department of the Platte]] from July 1872 until May 1874, as the Army's responsibilities shifted to protecting emigrants to the west and subduing Native Americans. From September 1874 to March 1875, he was commander of [[Fort Yuma]]. He was promoted to [[Major (United States)|major]] of the [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry]] in December 1874, and joined that regiment in the [[Department of Dakota]] in June 1875.
He went to the West on assignment to the [[Department of the Platte]] from July 1872 until May 1874, as the Army's responsibilities shifted to protecting emigrants to the west and subduing Native Americans. From September 1874 to March 1875, he was commander of [[Fort Yuma]]. He was promoted to [[Major (United States)|major]] of the [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry]] in December 1874, and joined that regiment in the [[Department of Dakota]] in June 1875. In 1877, Lazelle led a pursuit of Lame Deer's band of Lakota Sioux, and in 1878, he established [[Fort Meade (South Dakota)]].


In May 1879, he was named [[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets]] at the [[United States Military Academy]], and was promoted to [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] of the [[23rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|23rd Infantry]] in June 1881.
In May 1879, he was named [[List of Commandants of Cadets of the United States Military Academy|Commandant of Cadets]] at the [[United States Military Academy]], and was promoted to [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] of the [[23rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|23rd Infantry]] in June 1881.


He joined the 23rd Infantry in December 1882 at [[Fort Craig]], where he served as commander until February 1884. After serving as an inspector for the Division of the Pacific and the Department of the Columbia, Lazelle represented the U. S. Army as an observer during the [[military exercise|maneuvers]] of the [[British Army]] in [[British Raj|India]] from November 1885 to March 1886. He returned to the Department of the Columbia as Assistant Inspector General until May 1887. Assigned to command the publication of the [[Official Records of the American Civil War]], he returned to Washington, DC. He was promoted to colonel of the [[18th Infantry Regiment (United States)|18th Infantry]] in February 1889; he served as commander of the regiment and of the post of [[Fort Clark]]{{dn|date=December 2013}} until July 1894. He retired due to disability in November 1894.<ref name=CullumVolII/><ref name=CullumVolIV>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume IV |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1901 |publisher=[[Riverside Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |page=100}}</ref>
He joined the 23rd Infantry in December 1882 at [[Fort Craig]], where he served as commander until February 1884. After serving as an inspector for the Division of the Pacific and the Department of the Columbia, Lazelle represented the U. S. Army as an observer during the [[military exercise|maneuvers]] of the [[British Army]] in [[British Raj|India]] from November 1885 to March 1886. He returned to the Department of the Columbia as Assistant Inspector General until May 1887. Assigned to command the publication of the [[Official Records of the American Civil War]], he returned to Washington, D.C. He was promoted to colonel of the [[18th Infantry Regiment (United States)|18th Infantry]] in February 1889; he served as commander of the regiment and of the post of [[Fort Clark, Texas|Fort Clark]] until July 1894. He retired due to disability in November 1894.<ref name=CullumVolII/><ref name=CullumVolIV>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume IV |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1901 |publisher=[[Riverside Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |page=100}}</ref>


==Marriage and later life==
==Marriage and later life==
Lazelle married and had a family. One of their sons, Jacob, also went to West Point and served under his father at Fort. Bliss. Jacob died in 1898, on the way to [[Manila, Philippines]] in the [[Spanish-American War]].<ref name="Worcester"/>
Lazelle married and had a family. One of their sons, Jacob, also went to West Point and served under his father at Fort. Bliss. Jacob died in 1898, on the way to [[Manila, Philippines]] in the [[Spanish–American War]].<ref name="Worcester" />


Colonel Lazelle's wife died at Fort Clark, Texas, in January, 1893. After retiring from the Army, Lazelle moved to [[Virginia]], where he farmed until 1898. After that, he resided alternately in [[Canada]] and Massachusetts. In April 1904, he was promoted to [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] on the retired list. Later that year he remarried.
Colonel Lazelle's wife died at Fort Clark, Texas, in January, 1893. After retiring from the Army, Lazelle moved to [[Virginia]], where he farmed until 1898. After that, he resided alternately in [[Canada]] and Massachusetts. In April 1904, he was promoted to [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] on the retired list. Later that year he remarried.


He wrote a number of books, including ''One Law in Nature: A New Corpuscular Theory, Comprehending Unity of Force, Identity of Matter, & Its Multiple Atom Constitution: Applied to the Physical Affections Or Modes of Energy'' and ''Matter, Force, and Spirit; or, Scientific Evidence of a Supreme Intelligence'' (1895).
He wrote a number of books, including ''One Law in Nature: A New Corpuscular Theory, Comprehending Unity of Force, Identity of Matter, & Its Multiple Atom Constitution: Applied to the Physical Affections Or Modes of Energy'' and ''Matter, Force, and Spirit; or, Scientific Evidence of a Supreme Intelligence'' (1895).


Lazelle died on July 21, 1917 at Georgeville, [[Quebec]].<ref name=AnnualReport>{{cite book |title=Forty-Ninth Annual Report of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, June 11, 1918 |year=1918 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |pages=57–58}}</ref><ref name=CullumVolV>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume V |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1910 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |page=86}}</ref>
Lazelle died on July 21, 1917, at Georgeville, [[Quebec]].<ref name=AnnualReport>{{cite book |title=Forty-Ninth Annual Report of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, June 11, 1918 |year=1918 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |pages=57–58}}</ref><ref name=CullumVolV>{{cite book |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume V |last=Cullum |first=George W. |authorlink=George Washington Cullum |year=1910 |publisher=Seeman & Peters |location=[[Saginaw, Michigan]] |page=86}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)]]


==References==
==References==
Line 57: Line 54:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Matter, Force, and Spirit, or Scientific Evidence of a Supreme Intelligence |last=Lazelle |first=Henry M. |year=1895 |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]] |location=[[New York City]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xiQPAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_navlinks_s |accessdate=2009-07-23}}
* {{cite book |title=Matter, Force, and Spirit, or Scientific Evidence of a Supreme Intelligence |last=Lazelle |first=Henry M. |year=1895 |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]] |location=[[New York City]] |url=https://archive.org/details/matterforceands00lazegoog |access-date=2009-07-23}}
* James Carson. ''Against the Grain: Colonel Henry M. Lazelle and the U.S. Army''. North Texas Military Biography and Memoir Series. University of North Texas Press, 2015. 432 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-57441-611-4}}.
⚫
*{{cite journal |last=Reeve |first=Frank D., ed|date=October 1948|title=Puritan and Apache: A Diary |journal=New Mexico Historical Review |volume=XXIII |issue=4}}
*{{cite journal |last=Reeve |first=Frank D., ed|date=January 1949|title=Puritan and Apache: A Diary (continued) |journal=New Mexico Historical Review |volume=XXIV |issue=5}}
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Reeve |editor-first=Frank D.|date=October 1948|title=Puritan and Apache: A Diary |journal=New Mexico Historical Review |volume=XXIII |issue=4}}
⚫
* {{cite journal |editor-last=Reeve |editor-first=Frank D.|date=January 1949|title=Puritan and Apache: A Diary (continued) |journal=New Mexico Historical Review |volume=XXIV |issue=5}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets of the United States Military Academy]]|before=[[Thomas H. Neill]]|after=[[Henry C. Hasbrouck]]|years=1879-1882}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of United States Military Academy alumni (Commandants of Cadets)|Commandant of Cadets of the United States Military Academy]]|before=[[Thomas H. Neill]]|after=[[Henry C. Hasbrouck]]|years=1879–1882}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=226062388}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata
|NAME= Lazelle, Henry Martyn
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Lazell, Henry M.
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Massachusetts]]
|DATE OF BIRTH= September 8, 1832
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Massachusetts]]
|DATE OF DEATH= July 21, 1917
|PLACE OF DEATH= Georgeville, [[Quebec]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazelle, Henry Martyn}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazelle, Henry Martyn}}
[[Category:1832 births]]
[[Category:1832 births]]
Line 83: Line 73:
[[Category:Commandants of the Corps of Cadets of the United States Military Academy]]
[[Category:Commandants of the Corps of Cadets of the United States Military Academy]]
[[Category:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Union Army officers]]
[[Category:Union army officers]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:People from Enfield, Massachusetts]]

Latest revision as of 22:45, 31 October 2024

Henry Martyn Lazelle
Henry M. Lazelle
Born(1832-09-08)September 8, 1832
Worcester, Massachusetts
DiedJuly 21, 1917(1917-07-21) (aged 84)
Georgeville, Quebec
AllegianceUnited States of America
Union
Service / branchUnited States Army
Union Army
Years of service1855–1894
RankColonel
Commands16th New York Cavalry Regiment
Commandant of Cadets
23rd U.S. Infantry Regiment
Battles / warsAmerican Civil War
Indian Wars
Other workauthor

Henry Martyn Lazelle (September 8, 1832 – July 21, 1917) was a career officer in the United States Army. In addition to serving during the American Civil War and Indian Wars, he was Commandant of Cadets at the United States Military Academy from 1879 to 1882.

Early life and education

[edit]

He was born Henry Martyn Lazell in Enfield, Massachusetts, where he went to the public schools.[1]

He was orphaned at the age of four and raised by family members of friends. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1850 and was roommates with James MacNeil Whistler, the future artist. After graduating in 1855, he spelled his last name as Lazelle.

Military career

[edit]

Later that year, Lazelle was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 8th US Infantry, and stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas. In February 1859, while on a scouting mission, he was in a skirmish with Mescalero Apaches and shot through the lungs. He was promoted to first lieutenant in April 1861.[2][3][4]

Posted in Texas at Fort Bliss at the outbreak of the American Civil War, Lazelle and his comrades were taken prisoner by Texas insurgents in May 1861. He was held until exchanged in July 1862, during which time he was promoted to captain. From then until October 1863, he served in Washington, D.C., as Assistant Commissary General of Prisoners of War.

From October 1863 to October 1864, he served as colonel of the 16th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry, operating against Mosby's Rangers in the Upper South. He resigned his volunteer commission in October 1864. He served as Inspector General on the staff of General Frederick Steele until February 1865, as Assistant Provost Marshal for the Division of the Mississippi until July 1865, and on recruiting service until March 1866.[2][5]

Postbellum career

[edit]

Lazelle rejoined the 8th Infantry on Reconstruction duty in the Second Military District, North and South Carolina, from March 1866 to October 1870. He was also posted with the regiment at Davids Island from October 1870 to July 1872.

He went to the West on assignment to the Department of the Platte from July 1872 until May 1874, as the Army's responsibilities shifted to protecting emigrants to the west and subduing Native Americans. From September 1874 to March 1875, he was commander of Fort Yuma. He was promoted to major of the 1st Infantry in December 1874, and joined that regiment in the Department of Dakota in June 1875. In 1877, Lazelle led a pursuit of Lame Deer's band of Lakota Sioux, and in 1878, he established Fort Meade (South Dakota).

In May 1879, he was named Commandant of Cadets at the United States Military Academy, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 23rd Infantry in June 1881.

He joined the 23rd Infantry in December 1882 at Fort Craig, where he served as commander until February 1884. After serving as an inspector for the Division of the Pacific and the Department of the Columbia, Lazelle represented the U. S. Army as an observer during the maneuvers of the British Army in India from November 1885 to March 1886. He returned to the Department of the Columbia as Assistant Inspector General until May 1887. Assigned to command the publication of the Official Records of the American Civil War, he returned to Washington, D.C. He was promoted to colonel of the 18th Infantry in February 1889; he served as commander of the regiment and of the post of Fort Clark until July 1894. He retired due to disability in November 1894.[2][6]

Marriage and later life

[edit]

Lazelle married and had a family. One of their sons, Jacob, also went to West Point and served under his father at Fort. Bliss. Jacob died in 1898, on the way to Manila, Philippines in the Spanish–American War.[1]

Colonel Lazelle's wife died at Fort Clark, Texas, in January, 1893. After retiring from the Army, Lazelle moved to Virginia, where he farmed until 1898. After that, he resided alternately in Canada and Massachusetts. In April 1904, he was promoted to brigadier general on the retired list. Later that year he remarried.

He wrote a number of books, including One Law in Nature: A New Corpuscular Theory, Comprehending Unity of Force, Identity of Matter, & Its Multiple Atom Constitution: Applied to the Physical Affections Or Modes of Energy and Matter, Force, and Spirit; or, Scientific Evidence of a Supreme Intelligence (1895).

Lazelle died on July 21, 1917, at Georgeville, Quebec.[5][7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Worcester at West Point", The Worcester Magazine, Vol. III, Issue 6, June 1902, pp. 200–201, accessed 26 January 2012
  2. ^ a b c Cullum, George W. (1891). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume II. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. pp. 636–637.
  3. ^ Cullum, George W. (1920). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume VI. Saginaw, Michigan: Seeman & Peters. p. 76.
  4. ^ "James McNeil Whistler". Last In Their Class: Custer, Pickett, and the Goats of West Point. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
  5. ^ a b Forty-Ninth Annual Report of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, June 11, 1918. Saginaw, Michigan: Seeman & Peters. 1918. pp. 57–58.
  6. ^ Cullum, George W. (1901). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume IV. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Riverside Press. p. 100.
  7. ^ Cullum, George W. (1910). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy, Volume V. Saginaw, Michigan: Seeman & Peters. p. 86.

Further reading

[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by Commandant of Cadets of the United States Military Academy
1879–1882 		Succeeded by
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