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{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder

{{Infobox officeholder | name=John Horne Blackmore
| name = John Horne Blackmore
| image = File:John Horne Blackmore.jpg
| image = John Horne Blackmore.jpg
| caption = Blackmore in the 1940s
| imagesize = 180px
| cabinet=
| cabinet =
⚫
| office1 = Parliamentary leader of the<br>[[Social Credit Party of Canada|(Western) Social Credit League]]
| term_start= October 14, 1935
| term_start1 = October 14, 1935
⚫
| term_end= March 31, 1958
| term_end1 = April 6, 1944
⚫
| predecessor= [[John Smith Stewart]]
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''
⚫
| successor=[[Deane Gundlock]]
| successor1 = [[Solon Earl Low]]
⚫
| birth_date={{Birth date|1890|3|27|df=yes}}
| parliament4 = Canadian
⚫
| birth_place=[[Sublett, Idaho]]
⚫
| riding4 = [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]]
⚫
| death_date={{death date and age|1971|5|2|1890|3|27|df=yes}}
| term_start4 = October 14, 1935
⚫
| death_place=
⚫
| term_end4 = March 31, 1958
⚫
| profession=Teacher, Principal
⚫
| predecessor4 = [[John Smith Stewart]]
⚫
| party= [[Social Credit Party of Canada|Social Credit]]
⚫
| successor4 = [[Deane Gundlock]]
⚫
| residence=
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|3|27}}
⚫
| riding=[[Lethbridge (electoral district)|Lethbridge]]
⚫
| birth_place = Sublett, [[Idaho]], U.S.
| portfolio=
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1971|5|2|1890|3|27}}
| footnotes=
⚫
| death_place =
| term_start2=
[[Cardston]], [[Alberta]]
| term_end2=
⚫
| profession = Teacher, principal
| predecessor2=
| party = [[Social Credit Party of Canada|Social Credit]]
| successor2=
⚫
| residence =
| spouse=
| spouse =
|}}
|}}


'''John Horne Blackmore''' (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971), a school teacher and [[School principal|principal]] by training, was the first leader of what became the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]], a political party in [[Canada]] that promoted the [[social credit]] theories of monetary reform.
'''John Horne Blackmore''' (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) was a Canadian school teacher and [[School principal|principal]] and Canadian politician. He was one of the first elected members and leaders of the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]], a political party in [[Canada]] that promoted the [[social credit]] theories of monetary reform.


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Born in [[Sublett, Idaho]], he immigrated to the [[Cardston]] area as a child. He was brought up in a [[Mormon]] household.<ref>Mardon, ''Who's Who in Federal Politics from Alberta''</ref>
⚫
Born in Sublett, [[Idaho]], Blackmore was first elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada]] in the [[1935 Canadian federal election|1935 election]] as [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] representing [[Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]], for the fledgling Social Credit movement, which had swept to power in Alberta in the [[1935 Alberta general election|1935 Alberta provincial election]] weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader. In 1939 Social Credit merged into [[William Herridge]]'s [[New Democracy (Canada)|New Democracy]] movement with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge failed to win a seat in the [[1940 Canadian federal election|1940 federal election]] and in the subsequent parliament Blackmore led the New Democracy MPs, all former Social Crediters, who had been elected.


He attended Calgary [[Normal School]] and the [[University of Alberta]].
⚫
Blackmore remained party leader until 1944 when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed [[Solon Earl Low]] as leader. Blackmore remained an MP until he was defeated in the [[1958 Canadian federal election|1958 election]] in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs.


⚫
Blackmore was elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada]] in the [[1935 Canadian federal election|1935 election]] as [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] representing [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]]. The Social Credit movement had swept to power in Alberta in the [[1935 Alberta general election|1935 provincial election]] just weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader, since its most famous spokesperson, [[William Aberhart]], had just become the [[premier of Alberta]].
⚫
Blackmore was the first [[Mormon]] to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons and was excommunicated by [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of plural marriage" at secret meetings in southern Alberta. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced [[Joseph Smith]]'s revelation regarding [[Plural marriage|polygamy]]. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, [[Winston Blackmore]], is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the RCMP with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.<ref>"Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, ''Vancouver Sun'', 17 February 2009</ref>


He formed the material he was saying in speeches into book form, and ''Money the Master Key'' was published in 1939. The book describes "Money Power," "the Designing Will that pulls hidden strings."<ref>Alberta Legislature Library</ref><ref>The book is available online through the Glenbow Archives website.</ref>
⚫
Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the Encyclopaedia Judaica said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to anti-Semitism".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721015005/http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic ''[[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' from his parliamentary office.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120708191247/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb039/is_2_31/ai_n28756491/pg_6/]</ref>


In 1939, Social Credit merged into [[William Herridge]]'s [[New Democracy (Canada)|New Democracy]] movement, with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge himself failed to win a seat in the [[1940 Canadian federal election|1940 federal election]]. In the subsequent [[19th Canadian Parliament]], Blackmore acted as leader of the elected New Democracy MPs, all Social Crediters.
⚫
Blackmore is a relative of author [[Flora Jessop]] and her sister, [[Ruby Jessop]].<ref>Bramham, Daphne (03/12/2005). "Escape from Polygamy". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 08/02/2013.</ref>

⚫
Blackmore served as party leader until 1944, when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed as leader [[Solon Earl Low]], the provincial treasurer of Alberta at the time. Blackmore retained his Lethbridge seat until he was defeated in the [[1958 Canadian federal election|1958 election]] in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs. ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|The Progressive Conservatives]] won all seventeen Alberta seats although they got less than 60 percent of the votes cast in Alberta.)

Blackmore was the first Mormon to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons.

⚫
He was excommunicated in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of [[plural marriage]]" at secret meetings in [[Southern Alberta]]. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced [[Joseph Smith]]'s revelation regarding [[polygamy]]. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, [[Winston Blackmore]], is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.<ref>"Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, ''Vancouver Sun'', February 17, 2009</ref>

⚫
Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the ''[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]]'' said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to [[anti-Semitism]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |title=Jews in Canada |access-date=July 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721015005/http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic ''[[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' from his parliamentary office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb039/is_2_31/ai_n28756491/pg_6/ |title = Beyond the purge: Reviewing the social credit movement's legacy of in… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708191247/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb039/is_2_31/ai_n28756491/pg_6/ |archive-date=July 8, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in a speech he made in the House of Commons on January 31, 1944 (see Hansard records) he advocated for the establishment of “a national homeland for the Jews” in Palestine.

⚫
Blackmore is a relative of the author [[Flora Jessop]] and her sister, [[Ruby Jessop]].<ref>Bramham, Daphne (03/12/2005). "Escape from Polygamy". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 8, 2013.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{succession box|
{{succession box|
before=[[John Smith Stewart]]|
before=[[John Smith Stewart]]|
title=[[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] [[Lethbridge (electoral district)|Lethbridge]]|
title=[[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]]|
years=1935–1958|
years=1935–1958|
after=[[Deane Gundlock]]
after=[[Deane Gundlock]]
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[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cassia County, Idaho]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Canada]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Canada]]
[[Category:Anti-Masonry]]
[[Category:Canadian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Canadian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Canadian Latter Day Saints]]
[[Category:Canadian Latter Day Saints]]
[[Category:Critics of Freemasonry]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta]]
[[Category:Mormon fundamentalists]]
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) MPs]]
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) MPs]]
[[Category:People excommunicated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
[[Category:People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
[[Category:People from Cardston County]]
[[Category:People from Cardston County]]
[[Category:Mormon fundamentalists]]
[[Category:People from Cassia County, Idaho]]
[[Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]
[[Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada leaders]]
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada leaders]]
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]

Latest revision as of 23:24, 31 October 2024

John Horne Blackmore
Blackmore in the 1940s
Parliamentary leader of the
(Western) Social Credit League
In office
October 14, 1935 – April 6, 1944
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySolon Earl Low
Member of Parliament
for Lethbridge
In office
October 14, 1935 – March 31, 1958
Preceded byJohn Smith Stewart
Succeeded byDeane Gundlock
Personal details
Born(1890-03-27)March 27, 1890
Sublett, Idaho, U.S.
DiedMay 2, 1971(1971-05-02) (aged 81)
Cardston, Alberta
Political partySocial Credit
ProfessionTeacher, principal

John Horne Blackmore (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) was a Canadian school teacher and principal and Canadian politician. He was one of the first elected members and leaders of the Social Credit Party of Canada, a political party in Canada that promoted the social credit theories of monetary reform.

Life and career

[edit]

Born in Sublett, Idaho, he immigrated to the Cardston area as a child. He was brought up in a Mormon household.[1]

He attended Calgary Normal School and the University of Alberta.

Blackmore was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1935 election as Member of Parliament representing Lethbridge, Alberta. The Social Credit movement had swept to power in Alberta in the 1935 provincial election just weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader, since its most famous spokesperson, William Aberhart, had just become the premier of Alberta.

He formed the material he was saying in speeches into book form, and Money the Master Key was published in 1939. The book describes "Money Power," "the Designing Will that pulls hidden strings."[2][3]

In 1939, Social Credit merged into William Herridge's New Democracy movement, with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge himself failed to win a seat in the 1940 federal election. In the subsequent 19th Canadian Parliament, Blackmore acted as leader of the elected New Democracy MPs, all Social Crediters.

Blackmore served as party leader until 1944, when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed as leader Solon Earl Low, the provincial treasurer of Alberta at the time. Blackmore retained his Lethbridge seat until he was defeated in the 1958 election in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs. (The Progressive Conservatives won all seventeen Alberta seats although they got less than 60 percent of the votes cast in Alberta.)

Blackmore was the first Mormon to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons.

He was excommunicated in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of plural marriage" at secret meetings in Southern Alberta. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced Joseph Smith's revelation regarding polygamy. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, Winston Blackmore, is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.[4]

Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the Encyclopaedia Judaica said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to anti-Semitism."[5] In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion from his parliamentary office.[6] However, in a speech he made in the House of Commons on January 31, 1944 (see Hansard records) he advocated for the establishment of “a national homeland for the Jews” in Palestine.

Blackmore is a relative of the author Flora Jessop and her sister, Ruby Jessop.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mardon, Who's Who in Federal Politics from Alberta
  2. ^ Alberta Legislature Library
  3. ^ The book is available online through the Glenbow Archives website.
  4. ^ "Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, Vancouver Sun, February 17, 2009
  5. ^ "Jews in Canada". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
  6. ^ "Beyond the purge: Reviewing the social credit movement's legacy of in…". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
  7. ^ Bramham, Daphne (03/12/2005). "Escape from Polygamy". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
[edit]
Party political offices
Preceded by
Party created
 House of Commons leader
of Social Credit
1935–1944 		Succeeded by
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Member of Parliament Lethbridge
1935–1958 		Succeeded by
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