John Horne Blackmore: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Canadian politician}} |
{{Short description|Canadian politician}} |
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{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}} |
{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} |
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| name = John Horne Blackmore |
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| image = |
| image = John Horne Blackmore.jpg |
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| caption = Blackmore in the 1940s |
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| imagesize = 180px |
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| cabinet= |
| cabinet = |
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| office1 = |
| office1 = Parliamentary leader of the<br>[[Social Credit Party of Canada|(Western) Social Credit League]] |
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| term_start1 = October 14, 1935 |
| term_start1 = October 14, 1935 |
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| term_end1 |
| term_end1 = April 6, 1944 |
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| predecessor1 |
| predecessor1 = ''Position established'' |
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| successor1 = [[Solon Earl Low]] |
| successor1 = [[Solon Earl Low]] |
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| parliament4 = Canadian |
| parliament4 = Canadian |
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| riding4 = [[Lethbridge (electoral district)| |
| riding4 = [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]] |
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| term_start4 = |
| term_start4 = October 14, 1935 |
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| term_end4 = |
| term_end4 = March 31, 1958 |
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| predecessor4 = [[John Smith Stewart]] |
| predecessor4 = [[John Smith Stewart]] |
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| successor4 = [[Deane Gundlock]] |
| successor4 = [[Deane Gundlock]] |
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| birth_date={{Birth date|1890|3|27 |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|3|27}} |
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| birth_place=Sublett, [[Idaho]] |
| birth_place = Sublett, [[Idaho]], U.S. |
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| death_date={{death date and age|1971|5|2|1890|3|27 |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1971|5|2|1890|3|27}} |
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| death_place= |
| death_place = |
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[[Cardston]], [[Alberta]] |
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| profession=Teacher, |
| profession = Teacher, principal |
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| party= [[Social Credit Party of Canada|Social Credit]] |
| party = [[Social Credit Party of Canada|Social Credit]] |
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| residence= |
| residence = |
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| riding1=[[Lethbridge (electoral district)|Lethbridge]] |
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| spouse = |
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| portfolio= |
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| footnotes= |
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| term_start2= |
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| term_end2= |
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| predecessor2= |
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| successor2= |
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| spouse= |
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|}} |
|}} |
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'''John Horne Blackmore''' (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) |
'''John Horne Blackmore''' (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) was a Canadian school teacher and [[School principal|principal]] and Canadian politician. He was one of the first elected members and leaders of the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]], a political party in [[Canada]] that promoted the [[social credit]] theories of monetary reform. |
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==Life and career== |
==Life and career== |
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Born in [[Sublett, Idaho]], he immigrated to the [[Cardston]] area as a child. He was brought up in a [[Mormon]] household.<ref>Mardon, ''Who's Who in Federal Politics from Alberta''</ref> |
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He attended Calgary [[Normal School]] and the [[University of Alberta]]. |
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| ⚫ | Blackmore was elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada]] in the [[1935 Canadian federal election|1935 election]] as [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] representing [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]], [[Alberta]]. The Social Credit movement had swept to power in Alberta in the [[1935 Alberta general election|1935 provincial election]] just weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader, since its most famous spokesperson, [[William Aberhart]], had just become the [[premier of Alberta]]. |
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| ⚫ | |||
He formed the material he was saying in speeches into book form, and ''Money the Master Key'' was published in 1939. The book describes "Money Power," "the Designing Will that pulls hidden strings."<ref>Alberta Legislature Library</ref><ref>The book is available online through the Glenbow Archives website.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the Encyclopaedia Judaica said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to anti-Semitism |
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In 1939, Social Credit merged into [[William Herridge]]'s [[New Democracy (Canada)|New Democracy]] movement, with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge himself failed to win a seat in the [[1940 Canadian federal election|1940 federal election]]. In the subsequent [[19th Canadian Parliament]], Blackmore acted as leader of the elected New Democracy MPs, all Social Crediters. |
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| ⚫ | Blackmore served as party leader until 1944, when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed as leader [[Solon Earl Low]], the provincial treasurer of Alberta at the time. Blackmore retained his Lethbridge seat until he was defeated in the [[1958 Canadian federal election|1958 election]] in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs. ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|The Progressive Conservatives]] won all seventeen Alberta seats although they got less than 60 percent of the votes cast in Alberta.) |
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Blackmore was the first Mormon to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons. |
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| ⚫ | He was excommunicated in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of [[plural marriage]]" at secret meetings in [[Southern Alberta]]. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced [[Joseph Smith]]'s revelation regarding [[polygamy]]. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, [[Winston Blackmore]], is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.<ref>"Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, ''Vancouver Sun'', February 17, 2009</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the ''[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]]'' said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to [[anti-Semitism]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |title=Jews in Canada |access-date=July 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721015005/http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-N/kanada/EncJud_juden-in-Kanada05-antisemitismus-ENGL.html |archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic ''[[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' from his parliamentary office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb039/is_2_31/ai_n28756491/pg_6/ |title = Beyond the purge: Reviewing the social credit movement's legacy of in… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708191247/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb039/is_2_31/ai_n28756491/pg_6/ |archive-date=July 8, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, in a speech he made in the House of Commons on January 31, 1944 (see Hansard records) he advocated for the establishment of “a national homeland for the Jews” in Palestine. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{succession box| |
{{succession box| |
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before=[[John Smith Stewart]]| |
before=[[John Smith Stewart]]| |
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title=[[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] [[Lethbridge (electoral district)|Lethbridge]]| |
title=[[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] [[Lethbridge (federal electoral district)|Lethbridge]]| |
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years=1935–1958| |
years=1935–1958| |
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after=[[Deane Gundlock]] |
after=[[Deane Gundlock]] |
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[[Category:1890 births]] |
[[Category:1890 births]] |
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[[Category:1971 deaths]] |
[[Category:1971 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:American emigrants to Canada]] |
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[[Category:Antisemitism in Canada]] |
[[Category:Antisemitism in Canada]] |
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[[Category:Anti-Masonry]] |
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[[Category:Canadian anti-communists]] |
[[Category:Canadian anti-communists]] |
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[[Category:Canadian Latter Day Saints]] |
[[Category:Canadian Latter Day Saints]] |
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[[Category:Critics of Freemasonry]] |
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[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta]] |
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta]] |
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[[Category:Mormon fundamentalists]] |
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[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election]] |
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election]] |
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[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) MPs]] |
[[Category:New Democracy (Canada) MPs]] |
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[[Category:People excommunicated by |
[[Category:People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |
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[[Category:People from Cardston County]] |
[[Category:People from Cardston County]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:People from Cassia County, Idaho]] |
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[[Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion]] |
[[Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion]] |
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[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada leaders]] |
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada leaders]] |
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[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada MPs]] |
[[Category:Social Credit Party of Canada MPs]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:24, 31 October 2024
John Horne Blackmore | |
|---|---|
 Blackmore in the 1940s | |
| Parliamentary leader of the (Western) Social Credit League | |
| In office October 14, 1935 – April 6, 1944 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Solon Earl Low |
| Member of Parliament for Lethbridge | |
| In office October 14, 1935 – March 31, 1958 | |
| Preceded by | John Smith Stewart |
| Succeeded by | Deane Gundlock |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 27, 1890 Sublett, Idaho, U.S. |
| Died | May 2, 1971 (aged 81) Cardston, Alberta |
| Political party | Social Credit |
| Profession | Teacher, principal |
John Horne Blackmore (March 27, 1890 – May 2, 1971) was a Canadian school teacher and principal and Canadian politician. He was one of the first elected members and leaders of the Social Credit Party of Canada, a political party in Canada that promoted the social credit theories of monetary reform.
Life and career
[edit]Born in Sublett, Idaho, he immigrated to the Cardston area as a child. He was brought up in a Mormon household.[1]
He attended Calgary Normal School and the University of Alberta.
Blackmore was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1935 election as Member of Parliament representing Lethbridge, Alberta. The Social Credit movement had swept to power in Alberta in the 1935 provincial election just weeks earlier. He was chosen the party's parliamentary leader, since its most famous spokesperson, William Aberhart, had just become the premier of Alberta.
He formed the material he was saying in speeches into book form, and Money the Master Key was published in 1939. The book describes "Money Power," "the Designing Will that pulls hidden strings."[2][3]
In 1939, Social Credit merged into William Herridge's New Democracy movement, with Herridge acknowledged as the new party's leader. However, Herridge himself failed to win a seat in the 1940 federal election. In the subsequent 19th Canadian Parliament, Blackmore acted as leader of the elected New Democracy MPs, all Social Crediters.
Blackmore served as party leader until 1944, when Social Credit held its first national convention and acclaimed as leader Solon Earl Low, the provincial treasurer of Alberta at the time. Blackmore retained his Lethbridge seat until he was defeated in the 1958 election in which Social Credit lost all of its MPs. (The Progressive Conservatives won all seventeen Alberta seats although they got less than 60 percent of the votes cast in Alberta.)
Blackmore was the first Mormon to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons.
He was excommunicated in 1947 for "teaching and advocating the doctrine of plural marriage" at secret meetings in Southern Alberta. At such meetings, men debated whether Mormon leaders were wrong to have renounced Joseph Smith's revelation regarding polygamy. Though not a polygamist himself, Blackmore urged Parliament to repeal the anti-polygamy law and succeeded in removing specific references to Mormons in the law. His nephew, Winston Blackmore, is the leader of Canada's largest polygamist group and was charged by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with polygamy in 2009. He challenged the law's constitutionality.[4]
Blackmore was criticized for his views on Jews, and the Encyclopaedia Judaica said he "frequently gave public aid and comfort to anti-Semitism."[5] In 1953, it was reported that Blackmore was distributing the anti-Semitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion from his parliamentary office.[6] However, in a speech he made in the House of Commons on January 31, 1944 (see Hansard records) he advocated for the establishment of “a national homeland for the Jews” in Palestine.
Blackmore is a relative of the author Flora Jessop and her sister, Ruby Jessop.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Mardon, Who's Who in Federal Politics from Alberta
- ^ Alberta Legislature Library
- ^ The book is available online through the Glenbow Archives website.
- ^ "Polygamy issue runs deep in the Blackmore family" by Daphne Bramham, Vancouver Sun, February 17, 2009
- ^ "Jews in Canada". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
- ^ "Beyond the purge: Reviewing the social credit movement's legacy of in…". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
- ^ Bramham, Daphne (03/12/2005). "Escape from Polygamy". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
External links
[edit]Categories:
- 1890 births
- 1971 deaths
- American emigrants to Canada
- Antisemitism in Canada
- Canadian anti-communists
- Canadian Latter Day Saints
- Critics of Freemasonry
- Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
- Mormon fundamentalists
- New Democracy (Canada) candidates in the 1940 Canadian federal election
- New Democracy (Canada) MPs
- People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- People from Cardston County
- People from Cassia County, Idaho
- Protocols of the Elders of Zion
- Social Credit Party of Canada leaders
- Social Credit Party of Canada MPs
- 20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada