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{{Short description|Baltic German Russian nobleman and politician}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|image=Portrait of the Russian Minister at Washington.jpg
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
|birth_name=Karl Von Struve
|birth_name=Karl Von Struve
|birth_date=1835
|birth_date=26 November 1835
|birth_place=[[Tartu]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Russian Empire]]
|birth_place=Russia
|death_date=1907
|death_date={{death-date and age|26 June 1907|26 November 1835}}
|death_place=
|death_place=
|occupation=Diplomat, nobleman
|occupation=Diplomat, nobleman
}}
}}
[[File:Struve Karl.jpg|thumb|Struve with his wife, Maria Annenkova]]
'''Karl von Struve''' (1835–1907) ({{lang-ru|Кирилл Васильевич Струве}}) (Alternate spelling in U.S.: de Struve) was a Russian nobleman and politician. He served, in turn, as Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to [[Japan]], the [[United States]], and the [[Netherlands]].<ref>''Official Congressional Record'', 1882-1992 passim.</ref><ref>''Epoch'', Vol. VII, p. 266 (1892).</ref><ref name=r1/>
'''Karl von Struve''' (26 November 1835 – 26 June 1907) ({{langx|ru|Кирилл Васильевич Струве}}) (Alternate spelling in U.S.: de Struve) was a [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German]] Russian nobleman and politician. He served, in turn, as Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to [[Japan]], the [[United States]], and the [[Netherlands]].<ref>''Official Congressional Record'', 1882-1992 passim.</ref><ref>''Epoch'', Vol. VII, p. 266 (1892).</ref><ref name=r1/>


==Early life and marriage==
==Early life and marriage==
Struve was born in [[Tartu]] in 1835, the son of [[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve]] (1793–1864) and his second wife, Johanna H.F. Bartels. His father was a native of [[Altona, Germany]], who emigrated in 1808 to avoid conscription in the Napoleonic armies, going first to [[Denmark]] and then [[Russia]]. The elder Struve was appointed professor of astronomy and mathematics at the [[University of Dorpat]] (now Tartu) in 1813 and director of the Dorpat Observatory in 1817. In 1835, the year of Karl's birth, he was asked by [[Tsar Nicholas I]] to supervise construction of the Pulkovo Observatory, of which he was director from 1839 to 1862.<ref name=r1/>
Struve was born in [[Tartu]] in 1835, the son of [[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve]] (1793–1864) and his second wife, Johanna H.F. Bartels. His father was a native of [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]], [[Hamburg]], who emigrated in 1808 to avoid conscription in the Napoleonic armies, going first to [[Denmark]] and then [[Russia]]. The elder Struve was appointed professor of astronomy and mathematics at the [[University of Dorpat]] (now Tartu) in 1813 and director of the Dorpat Observatory in 1817. In 1835, the year of Karl's birth, he was asked by [[Tsar Nicholas I]] to supervise construction of the Pulkovo Observatory, of which he was director from 1839 to 1862.<ref name=r1/>


Karl von Struve was a half-brother of the astronomer [[Otto Wilhelm von Struve]] (1819–1905) and the politician [[Bernhard Vasilyevitch Struve]], Imperial Privy Councilor and Governor of [[Perm]] and [[Astrakhan]]. He was a grand-uncle of [[Otto Struve]] (1897–1963), the Russian-born director of the Yerkes, McDonald and Leuschner observatories in the United States.<ref name=r1>V. K. Abalakin ''et al.'' [http://www.gao.spb.ru/personal/chubey/Struve_dyn.pdf Struve dynasty] (in Russian), St. Petersburg University</ref>
Karl von Struve was a half-brother of the astronomer [[Otto Wilhelm von Struve]] (1819–1905) and the politician {{interlanguage link|Bernhard Vasilyevitch Struve|ru|Струве, Бернгард Васильевич}} (1827-1889), Imperial Privy Councilor and Governor of [[Perm, Russia|Perm]] and [[Astrakhan]]. He was a grand-uncle of [[Otto Struve]] (1897–1963), the Russian-born director of the Yerkes, McDonald and Leuschner observatories in the United States.<ref name=r1>V. K. Abalakin ''et al.'' [http://www.gao.spb.ru/personal/chubey/Struve_dyn.pdf Struve dynasty] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214336/http://www.gao.spb.ru/personal/chubey/Struve_dyn.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }} (in Russian), St. Petersburg University</ref>


He married Maria Nicolaevna Annenkova, daughter of General [[Nicholas Annenkov]] and sister of [[General Michael Nicolaivitch Annenkoff]], Elizabeth, princess Galitzine, and Alexandra, Vicomtesse de Vogüé.<ref>Andrew Dickson White, ''Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White'', Vol. II, p. 43. New York: The Century Company, 1905.</ref> The Struves were the parents of five children:
He married Maria Nicolaevna Annenkova, daughter of General [[Nicholas Annenkov]] and sister of [[General Michael Nicolaivitch Annenkoff]], Elizabeth, princess Galitzine, and Alexandra, Vicomtesse de Vogüé.<ref>Andrew Dickson White, ''Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White'', Vol. II, p. 43. New York: The Century Company, 1905.</ref> The Struves were the parents of five children:
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**A) Boris de Struve Jr.
**A) Boris de Struve Jr.
**B) Elena de Struve
**B) Elena de Struve
*[[Vera de Struve]] – married Prince Peter N. Meschersky and ran a prominent finishing school in Paris. She also served as a trustee of the Russian Red Cross and later managed a retirement home for White Russian emigres. Had issue:
*{{interlanguage link|Vera de Struve|ru|Мещерская, Вера Кирилловна}} – married Prince Peter N. Meschersky and ran a prominent finishing school in Paris. She also served as a trustee of the Russian Red Cross and later managed a retirement home for White Russian emigres. Had issue:
**A) Marina, Princess Mescherskaya, married 1) Count Michael Vorontsov-Dashkoff and 2) Count Ivan Shuvaloff
**A) Marina, Princess Mescherskaya, married 1) Count Michael Vorontsov-Dashkoff and 2) Count Ivan Shuvaloff
**B) Nikita, Prince Meschersky
**C) Kirill, Prince Meschersky
**D) Nikolai, Prince Meschersky
**E) Maria, Princess Mescherskaya
*[[Olga de Struve]] – married champagne heir Baron [[Peter Arnold Hermann Gottlieb Mumm von Schwarzenstein]] and had issue:
*[[Olga de Struve]] – married champagne heir Baron [[Peter Arnold Hermann Gottlieb Mumm von Schwarzenstein]] and had issue:
**A) [[Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson]]
**A) [[Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson]]
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****a2) Countess Maria-Christiane von Hatzfeldt-Doenhoff married Archduke Andreas-Augustinus von Habsburg-Lothringen and had issue.
****a2) Countess Maria-Christiane von Hatzfeldt-Doenhoff married Archduke Andreas-Augustinus von Habsburg-Lothringen and had issue.
**D) Kirill Mumm
**D) Kirill Mumm
*[[Elena de Struve]] – married 1) Hendrik, 2nd Baron Steengracht von Moyland, a descendent of [[Charlemagne]]; and 2) Count Orlov.
*[[Elena de Struve]] – married 1) Hendrik, 2nd Baron Steengracht von Moyland; and 2) Count {{interlanguage link|Ivan Davydovich Orlov|ru|Ивана Давыдовича Орлова}}.
*[[Maria de Struve]] – married Major General [[Georg Ivanovitch Chevitch]] and had issue:
*[[Maria de Struve]] – married Major General [[Georg Ivanovitch Chevitch]] and had issue:
**A) Maria Georgievna Chevitch married to Nicholas Petrovich Balachov and had issue.
**A) Maria Georgievna Chevitch married to Nicholas Petrovich Balachov and had issue.
**B) Ivan Chevitch
**C) Kirill Chevitch (Elder Sergius)


==Diplomatic career==
==Diplomatic career==
Struve's first posting as [[Ambassador of Russia to Japan|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary was to Tokyo]], capital of the Japanese Empire, which under the [[Emperor Meiji]] was undergoing a rapid Westernization of its government, industry and military.
Struve's first posting as [[Ambassador of Russia to Japan|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary was to Tokyo]], capital of the Japanese Empire, which under the [[Emperor Meiji]] was undergoing a rapid Westernization of its government, industry and military.


In 1882, Struve was posted as [[Ambassador of Russia to the United States|Minister to the United States]]. Struve and his wife were noted Washington society habitués, holding soirees and a Sunday salon for Washington’s diplomatic and political elite.<ref>Elizabeth Moore Chapin, ''American Court Gossip; Or, Life in the National Capital'', p. 59. Washington: Chapin & Hartwell Bros., 1887.</ref> Their residence in Washington was in Farragut Square, near the home of [[United States Senator]] [[Leland Stanford]] of [[California]]. From 1882 to 1892, a variety of powerful men and women passed through the Struves’ door: the [[Theodore Roosevelt]]s, [[Henry Brooks Adams|Henry Adamses]], [[James G. Blaine]]s, [[Leland Stanford]]s, and many others. The Struves were also noted collectors, donating ethnological prints of Russians to the [[Smithsonian Institution]]<ref>Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution, 1893</ref> and a vast teapot collection (more than 900) to various European collectors. In line with German practice, he was entitled to use the title of '''Baron von Struve''' while abroad, though this was denied him while resident in Germany or Russia. The American press generally rendered his title and name as '''Baron de Struve'''.
In 1882, Struve was posted as [[Ambassador of Russia to the United States|Minister to the United States]]. Struve and his wife were noted Washington society habitués, holding soirees and a Sunday salon for Washington's diplomatic and political elite.<ref>Elizabeth Moore Chapin, ''American Court Gossip; Or, Life in the National Capital'', p. 59. Washington: Chapin & Hartwell Bros., 1887.</ref> Their residence in Washington was in Farragut Square, near the home of [[United States Senator]] [[Leland Stanford]] of [[California]]. From 1882 to 1892, a variety of powerful men and women passed through the Struves' door: the [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Henry Brooks Adams]], [[James G. Blaine]], Leland Stanford, and many others. The Struves were also noted collectors, donating ethnological prints of Russians to the [[Smithsonian Institution]]<ref>Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution, 1893</ref> and a vast teapot collection (more than 900) to various European collectors. In line with German practice, he was entitled to use the title of '''Baron von Struve''' while abroad, though this was denied him while resident in Germany or Russia. The American press generally rendered his title and name as '''Baron de Struve'''.


Returning to St. Petersburg in 1892, Struve received his final diplomatic posting in 1893 when he was sent as [[Ambassador of Russia to the Netherlands|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Netherlands]].
Returning to St. Petersburg in 1892, Struve received his final diplomatic posting in 1893 when he was sent as [[Ambassador of Russia to the Netherlands|Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Netherlands]].


Karl von Struve died in 1907.
Karl von Struve died in 1907.
Line 48: Line 56:


{{Struve}}
{{Struve}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Struve, Karl Von
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian diplomat
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1835
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1907
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Struve, Karl Von}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Struve, Karl Von}}
[[Category:1835 births]]
[[Category:1835 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tartu]]
[[Category:Russian nobility]]
[[Category:People from the Governorate of Livonia]]
[[Category:Annenkov family]]
[[Category:Struve family|Karl]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Russia to Japan]]
[[Category:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire]]
⚫
[[Category:Nobility from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Politicians from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:Struve family]]
[[Category:Annenkov family]]
[[Category:Russian-German people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Japan]]
[[Category:Baltic-German people]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Tartu]]

Latest revision as of 23:50, 31 October 2024

Karl von Struve
Born
Karl Von Struve

26 November 1835
Tartu, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire
Died26 June 1907 (1907-06-27) (aged 71)
Occupation(s)Diplomat, nobleman
Struve with his wife, Maria Annenkova

Karl von Struve (26 November 1835 – 26 June 1907) (Russian: Кирилл Васильевич Струве) (Alternate spelling in U.S.: de Struve) was a Baltic German Russian nobleman and politician. He served, in turn, as Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan, the United States, and the Netherlands.[1][2][3]

Early life and marriage

[edit]

Struve was born in Tartu in 1835, the son of Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (1793–1864) and his second wife, Johanna H.F. Bartels. His father was a native of Altona, Hamburg, who emigrated in 1808 to avoid conscription in the Napoleonic armies, going first to Denmark and then Russia. The elder Struve was appointed professor of astronomy and mathematics at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu) in 1813 and director of the Dorpat Observatory in 1817. In 1835, the year of Karl's birth, he was asked by Tsar Nicholas I to supervise construction of the Pulkovo Observatory, of which he was director from 1839 to 1862.[3]

Karl von Struve was a half-brother of the astronomer Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819–1905) and the politician Bernhard Vasilyevitch Struve [ru] (1827-1889), Imperial Privy Councilor and Governor of Perm and Astrakhan. He was a grand-uncle of Otto Struve (1897–1963), the Russian-born director of the Yerkes, McDonald and Leuschner observatories in the United States.[3]

He married Maria Nicolaevna Annenkova, daughter of General Nicholas Annenkov and sister of General Michael Nicolaivitch Annenkoff, Elizabeth, princess Galitzine, and Alexandra, Vicomtesse de Vogüé.[4] The Struves were the parents of five children:

  • Boris de Struve – served as Russian military attache in Washington and married Eleanor Slater, from a prominent New England family, and had issue:
    • A) Boris de Struve Jr.
    • B) Elena de Struve
  • Vera de Struve [ru] – married Prince Peter N. Meschersky and ran a prominent finishing school in Paris. She also served as a trustee of the Russian Red Cross and later managed a retirement home for White Russian emigres. Had issue:
    • A) Marina, Princess Mescherskaya, married 1) Count Michael Vorontsov-Dashkoff and 2) Count Ivan Shuvaloff
    • B) Nikita, Prince Meschersky
    • C) Kirill, Prince Meschersky
    • D) Nikolai, Prince Meschersky
    • E) Maria, Princess Mescherskaya
  • Olga de Struve – married champagne heir Baron Peter Arnold Hermann Gottlieb Mumm von Schwarzenstein and had issue:
    • A) Elena Mumm Thornton Wilson
    • B) Olga Mumm, racing manager for Whitney heiress Dorothy Paget
    • C) Baron Godefroy Hermann von Mumm ("Brat"), manager of Mumm family vineyards, married Madeleine Allen de Casabonne and had issue:
      • a) Maria Magdalene Mumm married to Count Johan-Christian von Hatzfeldt-Doenhoff, and had issue:
        • a1) Countess Maria Magdalena von Hatzfeldt- Doenhoff married Luca Trabattoni and had issue.
        • a2) Countess Maria-Christiane von Hatzfeldt-Doenhoff married Archduke Andreas-Augustinus von Habsburg-Lothringen and had issue.
    • D) Kirill Mumm
  • Elena de Struve – married 1) Hendrik, 2nd Baron Steengracht von Moyland; and 2) Count Ivan Davydovich Orlov [ru].
  • Maria de Struve – married Major General Georg Ivanovitch Chevitch and had issue:
    • A) Maria Georgievna Chevitch married to Nicholas Petrovich Balachov and had issue.
    • B) Ivan Chevitch
    • C) Kirill Chevitch (Elder Sergius)

Diplomatic career

[edit]

Struve's first posting as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary was to Tokyo, capital of the Japanese Empire, which under the Emperor Meiji was undergoing a rapid Westernization of its government, industry and military.

In 1882, Struve was posted as Minister to the United States. Struve and his wife were noted Washington society habitués, holding soirees and a Sunday salon for Washington's diplomatic and political elite.[5] Their residence in Washington was in Farragut Square, near the home of United States Senator Leland Stanford of California. From 1882 to 1892, a variety of powerful men and women passed through the Struves' door: the Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Brooks Adams, James G. Blaine, Leland Stanford, and many others. The Struves were also noted collectors, donating ethnological prints of Russians to the Smithsonian Institution[6] and a vast teapot collection (more than 900) to various European collectors. In line with German practice, he was entitled to use the title of Baron von Struve while abroad, though this was denied him while resident in Germany or Russia. The American press generally rendered his title and name as Baron de Struve.

Returning to St. Petersburg in 1892, Struve received his final diplomatic posting in 1893 when he was sent as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Netherlands.

Karl von Struve died in 1907.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Official Congressional Record, 1882-1992 passim.
  2. ^ Epoch, Vol. VII, p. 266 (1892).
  3. ^ a b c V. K. Abalakin et al. Struve dynasty Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian), St. Petersburg University
  4. ^ Andrew Dickson White, Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, Vol. II, p. 43. New York: The Century Company, 1905.
  5. ^ Elizabeth Moore Chapin, American Court Gossip; Or, Life in the National Capital, p. 59. Washington: Chapin & Hartwell Bros., 1887.
  6. ^ Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution, 1893


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